{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "haynes-282",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "nickel-alloys",
  "name": "Haynes 282 (UNS N07208)",
  "abbreviation": "Haynes 282",
  "role": "gamma-prime strengthened wrought superalloy for hot gas-path parts",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "nickel-superalloys",
  "summary": "Haynes 282 (UNS N07208) is a wrought, gamma-prime strengthened nickel superalloy developed for creep strength in gas turbine hot parts, with good weldability. The manufacturer gives a room-temperature tensile strength of 1132 MPa for solution-annealed and age-hardened sheet. A 2022 NASA trade study rated the alloy ineligible for a nuclear thermal propulsion chamber, with a High hydrogen embrittlement rating.",
  "best_for": "Gas turbine combustor, transition and turbine parts that need creep strength and weldability at 1200 to 1700 °F (649 to 927 °C)",
  "weakest_at": "Hydrogen service (the 2022 NASA trade study rates its hydrogen embrittlement risk High) and long exposure at 1600 °F, which lowers plate yield strength from 705 MPa to 452 MPa over 16,000 h",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum gamma-prime strengthened superalloy, nominal 57 Ni (balance), 20 Cr, 10 Co, 8.5 Mo, 2.1 Ti, 1.5 Al, 1.5 Fe max, 0.3 Mn max, 0.15 Si max, 0.06 C, 0.005 B (weight %)",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "N07208",
        "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
        "where": "Principal Features page, first paragraph; Specifications and Codes table"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5951",
        "note": "sheet, plate and strip",
        "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Sheet, Plate & Strip row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5915",
        "note": "billet, rod, bar and forgings",
        "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Billet, Rod & Bar and Forgings rows"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B 637",
        "note": "billet, rod, bar and forgings",
        "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, B 637 entries beside the Billet, Rod & Bar and Forgings rows"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "Haynes 282",
        "source": "haynes-282-web",
        "where": "Datasheet page title, HAYNES 282 alloy"
      }
    ],
    "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
    "where": "Nominal Composition table (weight %); Principal Features page (UNS N07208), which says the creep strength is excellent 'in the temperature range of 1200 to 1700°F (649 to 927°C)'; Heat Treatment section, solution annealing 2050 to 2100°F (1121 to 1149°C)"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "propulsion-and-tanks"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, solution annealed",
      "value": 8.27,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "solution annealed",
        "unit_in_source": "0.299 lb/in3"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Density (Solution Annealed) row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, age-hardened",
      "value": 8.29,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC",
        "unit_in_source": "0.300 lb/in3"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Density (Age-Hardened) row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range",
      "value": 1300,
      "value_high": 1375,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "unit_in_source": "2370-2510°F",
        "pressure": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Melting range printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Melting Range row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "gamma_prime_solvus",
      "label": "Gamma-prime solvus temperature",
      "value": 997,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "unit_in_source": "1827°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Gamma-Prime Solvus row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat at room temperature",
      "value": 436,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/Kg.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "condition": "age-hardened (table footnote)",
        "unit_in_source": "0.104 Btu/lb.°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Specific Heat, RT row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat at 1000 °C",
      "value": 676,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/Kg.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000 °C (1000 °F, as printed)",
        "condition": "age-hardened (table footnote)",
        "unit_in_source": "0.136 Btu/lb.°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Specific Heat, 1000°F / 1000°C row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity at room temperature",
      "value": 10.3,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "condition": "age-hardened (table footnote)",
        "unit_in_source": "72 Btu-in/ft2-h-°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, RT row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity at 1000 °C",
      "value": 28.9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000 °C (1000 °F, as printed)",
        "condition": "age-hardened (table footnote)",
        "unit_in_source": "148 Btu-in/ft2-h-°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, 1000°F / 1000°C row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Mean coefficient of thermal expansion at 100 °C",
      "value": 12.1,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "200°F / 100°C row of the mean coefficient table (reference interval as printed)",
        "condition": "age-hardened (table footnote)",
        "unit_in_source": "6.7 µin/in.°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 200°F / 100°C row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Mean coefficient of thermal expansion at 1000 °C",
      "value": 16.9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000°F / 1000°C row of the mean coefficient table (reference interval as printed)",
        "condition": "age-hardened (table footnote)",
        "unit_in_source": "7.5 µin/in.°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 1000°F / 1000°C row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Dynamic modulus of elasticity at room temperature",
      "value": 217,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "method_in_source": "dynamic modulus, not static",
        "unit_in_source": "31.5 x 10^6 psi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table; dynamic, not static",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, RT row, Metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Dynamic modulus of elasticity at 1000 °C",
      "value": 140,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000 °C (1000 °F, as printed)",
        "method_in_source": "dynamic modulus, not static",
        "unit_in_source": "27.2 x 10^6 psi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table; dynamic, not static",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, 1000°F / 1000°C row, Metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shear_modulus",
      "label": "Dynamic shear modulus at room temperature",
      "value": 82,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "unit_in_source": "11.9 x 10^6 psi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties (continued) table, Dynamic Shear Modulus, RT row, Metric units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "poissons_ratio",
      "label": "Poisson's ratio at room temperature",
      "value": 0.319,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "-",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties (continued) table, Poisson's Ratio, RT row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity at room temperature",
      "value": 126.1,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µohm.cm",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "unit_in_source": "49.7 µohm.in"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Electrical Resistivity, RT row, Metric Units column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2% offset, sheet, room temperature",
      "value": 699,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "temper": "solution annealed at 2100°F (1149°C) and age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC",
        "unit_in_source": "101.4 ksi",
        "measure": "0.2% offset"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table, one test value per temperature",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, RT row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate tensile strength, sheet, room temperature",
      "value": 1132,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "temper": "solution annealed at 2100°F (1149°C) and age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC",
        "unit_in_source": "164.2 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, RT row, Ultimate Tensile Strength column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, sheet, room temperature",
      "value": 30,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "temper": "solution annealed and age-hardened",
        "gauge_length": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, RT row, Elongation column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2% offset, sheet, 1400 °F",
      "value": 612,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "1400 °F (760 °C)",
        "temper": "solution annealed and age-hardened",
        "unit_in_source": "88.7 ksi",
        "measure": "0.2% offset"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, 1400 °F / 760 °C row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate tensile strength, sheet, 1400 °F",
      "value": 833,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "1400 °F (760 °C)",
        "temper": "solution annealed and age-hardened",
        "unit_in_source": "120.8 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, 1400 °F / 760 °C row, Ultimate Tensile Strength column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, sheet, 1400 °F",
      "value": 22,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "1400 °F (760 °C)",
        "temper": "solution annealed and age-hardened",
        "gauge_length": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, 1400 °F / 760 °C row, Elongation column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2% offset, plate, room temperature",
      "value": 715,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "plate",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "temper": "solution annealed at 2075°F (1135°C) and age-hardened",
        "unit_in_source": "103.7 ksi",
        "measure": "0.2% offset"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Plate table, RT row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate tensile strength, plate, room temperature",
      "value": 1147,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "plate",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "temper": "solution annealed at 2075°F (1135°C) and age-hardened",
        "unit_in_source": "166.4 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Plate table, RT row, Ultimate Tensile Strength column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2% offset, plate, unexposed (0 h)",
      "value": 705,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "plate",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "exposure": "none (0 h), age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC",
        "unit_in_source": "102 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure room-temperature thermal exposure table, 0 h row",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Room Temperature Properties of Plate after Thermal Exposure table, 0 h row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength after 16,000 h at 1600 °F, plate, room temperature",
      "value": 452,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "plate",
        "exposure": "1600 °F (871 °C) for 16,000 h, age-hardened starting condition",
        "test_temperature": "room temperature",
        "unit_in_source": "66 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure room-temperature thermal exposure table, 16,000 h row",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Room Temperature Properties of Plate after Thermal Exposure table, 1600 (871) 16,000 h row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength after 1,000 h at 1400 °F, sheet, room temperature",
      "value": 718,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "exposure": "1400 °F (760 °C) for 1,000 h",
        "test_temperature": "room temperature",
        "unit_in_source": "104.1 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure thermal stability table (sheet, room-temperature tensile after exposure)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Comparative Thermal Stability table, Room Temperature Tensile Data, Exposed at 1400°F (760°C) for 1,000 hours, row 282, 0.2% Yield Strength column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation after exposure, sheet, 1,000 h at 1400 °F, room temperature",
      "value": 22.8,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "exposure": "1400 °F (760 °C) for 1,000 h",
        "test_temperature": "room temperature"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure thermal stability table (sheet, room-temperature tensile after exposure)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Comparative Thermal Stability table, Room Temperature Tensile Data, Exposed at 1400°F (760°C) for 1,000 hours, row 282, Elongation column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness",
      "label": "Rockwell B hardness, solution annealed sheet, room temperature",
      "value": 90,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HRBW",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet",
        "condition": "solution annealed at 2100°F (1149°C)",
        "scale": "HRBW (tungsten indenter)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure hardness table (average, room temperature)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Hardness table, Form Sheet row, Solution Annealed column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness",
      "label": "Rockwell C hardness, age-hardened sheet, room temperature",
      "value": 30,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HRC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet",
        "condition": "age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC",
        "scale": "HRC"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure hardness table (average, room temperature)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Hardness table, Form Sheet row, Age-hardened column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "stress_for_1pct_creep_1000h",
      "label": "Stress for 1% creep in 1,000 h at 1400 °F, sheet",
      "value": 241,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "1400 °F (760 °C)",
        "time": "1,000 h",
        "condition": "age-hardened",
        "unit_in_source": "35 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure comparative creep-rupture table (282 column)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Comparative Creep-Rupture Properties table, Stress to Produce 1% Creep in 1000 h, 1400 / 760 row, 282 column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "stress_rupture_1000h",
      "label": "Stress to rupture in 1,000 h at 1400 °F, sheet",
      "value": 262,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "1400 °F (760 °C)",
        "time": "1,000 h",
        "condition": "age-hardened",
        "unit_in_source": "38 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure comparative creep-rupture table (282 column)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Comparative Creep-Rupture Properties table, Stress to Produce Rupture in 1000 h, 1400 / 760 row, 282 column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "oxidation_metal_loss",
      "label": "Metal loss in flowing air, 1600 °F, 1,008 h",
      "value": 0.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "mils",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1600 °F (871 °C)",
        "exposure": "1,008 h, flowing air, six cycles of 168 h",
        "unit_in_source": "5 µm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure static oxidation table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Comparative Oxidation Resistance table, 282 row, 1600°F (871°C) Metal Loss column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "oxidation_avg_metal_affected",
      "label": "Average metal affected in flowing air, 1800 °F, 1,008 h",
      "value": 1.8,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "mils",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1800 °F (982 °C)",
        "exposure": "1,008 h, flowing air, six cycles of 168 h",
        "unit_in_source": "46 µm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure static oxidation table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Comparative Oxidation Resistance table, 282 row, 1800°F (982°C) Avg. Met. Aff. column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "dynamic_oxidation_metal_loss",
      "label": "Metal loss in burner rig, 1800 °F, 1,000 h, 30-minute cycles",
      "value": 8,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "mils",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1800 °F (982 °C)",
        "exposure": "1,000 h, 30-minute cycles, burner rig",
        "unit_in_source": "203 µm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the manufacturer brochure dynamic oxidation table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Dynamic Oxidation table, 1800°F (982°C) 1000 hours, 30 minute cycles, 282 row, Metal Loss column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
        "id": "H-3173F",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Flowing air, 1600 °F (871 °C), 1,008 h, static exposure",
      "headline": "Oxidation loss at 1600 °F is small over 1,008 hours in flowing air.",
      "effect": "Metal loss was 0.2 mils (5 µm) and average metal affected was 0.6 mils (15 µm) in 1,008 hours of flowing air at 1600 °F (871 °C), per the brochure's static oxidation table.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "exposure": "1,008 h, flowing air, six 168 h cycles",
        "temperature": "1600 °F (871 °C)"
      },
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Oxidation Resistance, Comparative Oxidation Resistance table, 282 row, 1600°F columns"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Flowing air, 1800 °F (982 °C), 1,008 h, static exposure",
      "headline": "At 1800 °F the affected layer is thin compared with the metal loss allowance.",
      "effect": "Metal loss was 0.2 mils (5 µm) and average metal affected was 1.8 mils (46 µm) in 1,008 hours of flowing air at 1800 °F (982 °C). The brochure states lower average metal affected than Waspaloy at this temperature.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "exposure": "1,008 h, flowing air",
        "temperature": "1800 °F (982 °C)"
      },
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Oxidation Resistance, Comparative Oxidation Resistance table, 282 row, 1800°F columns"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Burner-rig combustion gases, 1800 °F (982 °C), 1,000 h, 30-minute cycles",
      "headline": "Combustion-gas oxidation at 1800 °F removes measurable wall thickness.",
      "effect": "Metal loss was 8.0 mils (203 µm) and average metal affected was 13.0 mils (330 µm) in the burner-rig test at 1800 °F (982 °C) for 1,000 hours with 30-minute cycles. The same table lists 12.5 mils (318 µm) metal loss for 263 alloy.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "exposure": "1,000 h, 30-minute cycles, fuel-oil combustion gas, about 0.3 Mach",
        "temperature": "1800 °F (982 °C)"
      },
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Oxidation Resistance, Dynamic Oxidation Testing (Burner Rig) table, 282 row, 1800°F column"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "The Haynes general SDS H2071-12 lists HAYNES 282 alloy in Section 1, with 'Danger: Carcinogenicity (Category 1A)' (H350), 'Danger: Respiratory sensitization' (H334), 'Warning: Skin sensitization' (H317), 'Warning, Skin irritation' (H315), 'Warning: Acute toxicity, inhalation' (H332) and 'Warning, Acute toxicity, oral' (H302) for dust and metal fume.",
        "ghs": [
          "H350",
          "H334",
          "H317",
          "H315",
          "H332",
          "H302"
        ],
        "source": "sds-h2071",
        "where": "Section 2.1 GHS Hazard Classification table; the label information page lists HAYNES 282 alloy among products that create dust and fume"
      },
      {
        "text": "The same SDS says the health hazards 'do not apply under normal handling and use of these products in solid form', and rates the solid article 0 for health, flammability and reactivity.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "sds-h2071",
        "where": "Section 2 introduction; HMIS rating note after the hazard table, solid article"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Hydrogen embrittlement in a nuclear thermal propulsion chamber",
        "trigger": "Hydrogen environment in a regenerative chamber, rated in a 2022 NASA trade study that infers properties from similar materials",
        "consequence": "The JANNAF 2022 trade study rates the hydrogen environmental embrittlement of H282 as 'Not Available (High)' and lists Haynes 282 as 'Ineligible' for the chamber. The brochure gives no hydrogen test for this alloy.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "nasa-ntp-jannaf",
        "where": "Material Trade: Hydrogen Embrittlement table, row H282; Conclusions table, row Haynes 282 (Ineligible, H2 Risk High)"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Strength loss after long exposure at 1600 °F",
        "trigger": "16,000 h at 1600 °F (871 °C) on age-hardened plate",
        "consequence": "Room-temperature 0.2% yield strength fell from 705 MPa (102 ksi) before exposure to 452 MPa (66 ksi) after 16,000 h at 1600 °F (871 °C). Elongation in the same table reached 33% after exposure.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
        "where": "Room Temperature Properties of Plate after Thermal Exposure table, 0 h and 16,000 h rows"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Wall loss in combustion gas at 1800 °F",
        "trigger": "Burner-rig exposure at 1800 °F (982 °C) with 30-minute thermal cycles for 1,000 h",
        "consequence": "Metal loss of 8.0 mils (203 µm) with an average affected layer of 13.0 mils (330 µm). Parts at this temperature need allowance for wall loss.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
        "where": "Dynamic Oxidation table, 282 row, 1800°F columns"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [
      {
        "text": "The brochure's new two-step heat treatments are covered by U.S. Patent No. 11,453.939 B2 and foreign patents; 'The purchase of our 282® alloy includes a license under these patents to use the method for 282® alloy and products made of 282® alloy.' Heat treatment that uses this method needs the supplier's licence terms.",
        "affects": "Choice of heat treatment and procurement terms for alternative ageing",
        "source": "haynes-282-h3240",
        "where": "Alternate Heat Treatments for Improved Toughness, footnote on patent claims"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "The brochure recommends gas tungsten arc (GTAW) or gas metal arc (GMAW) welding with bare 282 filler wire, and says submerged arc welding 'is not recommended due to the high heat input and increased weld restraint'.",
        "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
        "where": "Welding section, Filler Metal Selection and Welding processes"
      },
      {
        "text": "The brochure says the alloy 'should be welded in the solution-annealed condition, before it is subjected to the age-hardening treatment', and that interpass temperatures should be less than 200°F (93°C).",
        "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
        "where": "Welding section, Base Metal Preparation and Preheating, Interpass Temperatures, and Post-Weld Heat Treatment"
      },
      {
        "text": "The SDS precautionary statement P284 says to wear respiratory protection 'In case of inadequate ventilation'. Use local ventilation when grinding, cutting or welding.",
        "source": "sds-h2071",
        "where": "Section 2.2 precautionary statements, P284"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Use the brochure's standard two-step age hardening after welding or fabrication, which the brochure gives as 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC.",
        "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
        "where": "Heat Treatment section"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "propulsion-and-tanks",
      "device": "Aero-engine and gas turbine hot-section parts (combustors, transition ducts, turbine and exhaust sections, nozzle components)",
      "example": "The brochure says the alloy is 'developed for applications in engines for aircraft' and suits 'critical gas turbine applications found in the combustors, turbine and exhaust sections, and nozzle components'.",
      "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
      "where": "Principal Features, Applications; Typical Applications page"
    },
    {
      "application": "propulsion-and-tanks",
      "device": "Nuclear thermal propulsion regenerative chamber (evaluated, not selected)",
      "example": "A JANNAF 2022 NASA trade study lists Haynes 282 among the materials examined for a nuclear thermal propulsion chamber and rates it Ineligible. The study's LP-DED list also rules it out for that process.",
      "source": "nasa-ntp-jannaf",
      "where": "Selection of traditional and advanced materials list; Conclusions table, row Haynes 282; Manufacturability table"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Nickel",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Indonesia",
          "share_percent": 66.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Philippines",
          "share_percent": 6.9,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "New Caledonia",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (final list, read from the USGS web page)",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS nickel summary: 'In 2025, nickel recovered from scrap accounted for approximately 60% of apparent consumption.'",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS nickel summary: 'Titanium alloys can substitute for nickel or nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments.'"
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-nickel",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the 3,900,000 t world total); Recycling; Substitutes; critical list from usgs-crit2025"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Cobalt",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Congo (Kinshasa)",
          "share_percent": 73,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Indonesia",
          "share_percent": 14,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (final list, read from the USGS web page)",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS cobalt summary: 'In 2025, cobalt content of purchased scrap represented 25% of estimated cobalt consumption.'",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS cobalt summary: 'Depending on the application, substitution for cobalt could result in a loss in product performance or increased cost.'"
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-cobalt",
      "where": "Events, Trends, and Issues (printed shares of world total for 2025); Recycling; Substitutes; critical list from usgs-crit2025"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Molybdenum",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 37.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Chile",
          "share_percent": 16.2,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United States",
          "share_percent": 15.4,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Peru",
          "share_percent": 15,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Mexico",
          "share_percent": 6.5,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (final list, read from the USGS web page)",
          "listed": false
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS molybdenum summary: 'Molybdenum is recycled as a component of catalysts, ferrous scrap, and superalloy scrap.'",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS molybdenum summary: 'There is little substitution for molybdenum in its major application in steels and cast irons.'"
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the 260,000 t world total); Events, Trends, and Issues (China, Chile, United States, Peru and Mexico together 90% of output)"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy product page and datasheet (Haynes International)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/datasheet/haynes-282-alloy",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Alternate Heat Treatments for Improved Toughness of HAYNES 282 alloy, H-3240b (Haynes International, 2026)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/282-h-3240.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "EOS material data sheet, nickel alloy Haynes 282 powder for additive manufacturing",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://eos.info/en-us/metal-solutions/metal-materials/data-sheets/mds-eos-nickelalloy-haynes-282"
    },
    {
      "title": "Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Material Trade for Additively Manufactured Regenerative Chambers, JANNAF 2022 (NASA)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220018322/downloads/2022-11-21-NTP-NNE-MaterialTrade_Pres.pdf",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "title": "Haynes International SDS H2071-12, Corrosion-resistant Alloys and High-temperature Alloys (2025)",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/H2071-12-Corrosion-Resistant-Alloys-and-High-Temperature-Alloys-2025.pdf",
      "year": 2025
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Cobalt",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cobalt.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No flight, vacuum, radiation, thermal-vacuum or atomic-oxygen result was found for Haynes 282; the only space-related sources are the NASA trade study and its ineligibility rating.",
    "No hydrogen embrittlement test on Haynes 282 was found in the brochure or the H-3240b document; the only hydrogen data is the NASA JANNAF 2022 qualitative rating ('Not Available (High)').",
    "No EN (1.xxxx material number) or DIN designation is printed for Haynes 282: the brochure's DIN row shows a dash, so no EN or DIN code is listed.",
    "No aqueous corrosion data (acids, chlorides) for Haynes 282 was found; the brochure gives oxidation and burner-rig tables only.",
    "Strain-age cracking (CHRT test), low-cycle fatigue, isothermal hardening kinetics and creep comparison charts are image-only in the brochure and were not read.",
    "The H-3240b containment-factor table is garbled in the PDF text layer; containment values were not used.",
    "The EOS data sheet gives composition and particle size for a powder for additive manufacturing; those are not used as wrought-alloy values. Its web page did not print the physical properties (readable only in a linked PDF).",
    "Several benchmark names are not in property-canon.yaml and are used as snake_case: gamma_prime_solvus, hardness, stress_for_1pct_creep_1000h, stress_rupture_1000h, oxidation_metal_loss, oxidation_avg_metal_affected, dynamic_oxidation_metal_loss.",
    "Chromium and titanium supply (and their critical-list status) were not profiled in this run; only nickel, cobalt and molybdenum were read from USGS.",
    "The USGS critical-list status was read from a summarising fetch of the USGS web page because the server blocks direct downloads; treat the listed and not-listed entries as read from that page, not from a PDF.",
    "Atomic weights and atom counts are not given for alloy shares, because the composition is by weight.",
    "The brochure's tensile values are typical manufacturer test values, not guaranteed minimums."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Haynes 282 (UNS N07208) is a wrought nickel superalloy that combines high creep strength with good weldability, according to its manufacturer, Haynes International. The brochure says its creep strength in the 1200 to 1700 °F (649 to 927 °C) range surpasses that of Waspaloy alloy, and that it resists strain-age cracking better than other alloys of its strength class. The alloy is supplied solution annealed and is then age-hardened in a two-step treatment that precipitates its strengthening phase. Its main use is in gas turbine hot-section parts.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Gas turbine hot section",
        "line": "The brochure says the alloy suits combustors, turbine and exhaust sections, and nozzle components in aero and industrial gas turbines."
      },
      {
        "where": "Advanced steam and CO2 power plant (candidate)",
        "line": "The brochure calls the alloy a strong candidate for advanced ultra-supercritical steam boilers and turbines, supercritical CO2 power cycles and concentrating solar power plants, where long creep life at 1400 °F (760 °C) is needed."
      },
      {
        "where": "Nuclear thermal propulsion (evaluated, ineligible)",
        "line": "A 2022 NASA trade study lists Haynes 282 as ineligible for a nuclear thermal propulsion regenerative chamber, and rates its hydrogen embrittlement risk as High."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Creep strength",
        "line": "At 1400 °F (760 °C), age-hardened sheet needs 262 MPa (38 ksi) to rupture in 1,000 hours, and 241 MPa (35 ksi) to reach 1% creep in the same time.",
        "benchmark": "stress_rupture_1000h",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "262 MPa to rupture in 1,000 h at 1400 °F"
      },
      {
        "label": "Room-temperature strength",
        "line": "Solution-annealed and age-hardened sheet yields at 699 MPa and breaks at 1132 MPa at room temperature, with 30% elongation.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "1132 MPa"
      },
      {
        "label": "Strength at 1400 °F",
        "line": "The same sheet keeps a 0.2% yield strength of 612 MPa at 1400 °F (760 °C), with 22% elongation there.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "612 MPa"
      },
      {
        "label": "Oxidation",
        "line": "In 1,008 hours of flowing air at 1600 °F (871 °C) the metal loss was 0.2 mils (5 µm). In a burner rig at 1800 °F (982 °C) for 1,000 hours it was 8.0 mils (203 µm).",
        "benchmark": "oxidation_metal_loss",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "0.2 mils at 1600 °F"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weight",
        "line": "The density is 8.27 g/cm3 in the solution-annealed condition.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "8.27 g/cm3"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "The brochure compares Haynes 282 with 263 alloy, R-41 and Waspaloy in the same sheet creep and oxidation tests. It says 1% creep strength is superior to Waspaloy across the whole 1200 to 1700 °F range, and that average metal affected at 1800 °F is lower than Waspaloy's. These comparisons are the manufacturer's own tests and not a ranking, and the brochure shows R-41 with higher room-temperature yield strength than 282.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity at room temperature",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Mean thermal expansion",
        "benchmark": "cte",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Weld in the solution-annealed condition, using TIG or MIG with matching 282 filler, then age-harden.",
      "Age-harden with the brochure's standard two-step treatment, 1850 °F (1010 °C) for 2 hours and 1450 °F (788 °C) for 8 hours, with air cooling after each step.",
      "Plan for hydrogen: the NASA study rates the hydrogen risk High, so test before using it in hydrogen service."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Creep-limited hot parts: 241 MPa gives 1% creep in 1,000 h at 1400 °F (760 °C), per the brochure.",
      "Weldability: the brochure says the alloy has a high resistance to strain-age cracking, so it is much more weldable than other alloys of similar strength.",
      "Ductility after long exposure: sheet exposed for 1,000 h at 1400 °F still elongates 22.8% at room temperature."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Hydrogen: the 2022 NASA trade study rates the hydrogen environmental embrittlement of Haynes 282 as High, and lists it as ineligible for a nuclear thermal chamber.",
      "Long exposure at 1600 °F: plate yield strength falls from 705 MPa to 452 MPa over 16,000 h.",
      "Dust and fume: the Haynes SDS classifies dust and welding fume from this alloy with H350 (may cause cancer) and H334.",
      "Heat treatment: the new two-step heat treatments are patent-covered, and buying the alloy includes a licence under those patents."
    ],
    "verdict": "Haynes 282 is a creep-resistant nickel superalloy for gas turbine hot parts that welds more easily than alloys of similar strength. Its weak points are hydrogen service, which a 2022 NASA trade study rated High and ineligible, and long exposure at 1600 °F, which lowers yield strength.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Haynes 282 is a nickel-based wrought superalloy made to the nominal composition in the brochure's Nominal Composition table. It is supplied solution annealed and is age-hardened after fabrication to reach its high strength.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Nickel",
          "symbol": "Ni",
          "role": "Base element of the alloy; the brochure does not describe its role separately.",
          "share_note": "balance (the rest of the alloy)",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "Alloying element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.",
          "share_percent": 20,
          "share_note": "nominal",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Cobalt",
          "symbol": "Co",
          "role": "Alloying element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.",
          "share_percent": 10,
          "share_note": "nominal",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Molybdenum",
          "symbol": "Mo",
          "role": "Alloying element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.",
          "share_percent": 8.5,
          "share_note": "nominal",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Titanium",
          "symbol": "Ti",
          "role": "Alloying element; the brochure does not name the gamma-prime formers.",
          "share_percent": 2.1,
          "share_note": "nominal",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "Alloying element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.",
          "share_percent": 1.5,
          "share_note": "nominal",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Residual element with a maximum limit in the brochure's composition table.",
          "share_percent": 1.5,
          "share_note": "maximum",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Manganese",
          "symbol": "Mn",
          "role": "Residual element with a maximum limit in the brochure's composition table.",
          "share_percent": 0.3,
          "share_note": "maximum",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Silicon",
          "symbol": "Si",
          "role": "Residual element with a maximum limit in the brochure's composition table.",
          "share_percent": 0.15,
          "share_note": "maximum",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Carbon",
          "symbol": "C",
          "role": "Interstitial element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.",
          "share_percent": 0.06,
          "share_note": "nominal",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Boron",
          "symbol": "B",
          "role": "Trace element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.",
          "share_percent": 0.005,
          "share_note": "nominal",
          "source": "haynes-282-brochure",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The solid alloy is not expected to cause the health hazards in the Haynes SDS under normal handling. Dust and welding fume are the concern.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Solid form",
            "line": "The SDS says the health hazards do not apply under normal handling and use of these products in solid form."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust and fume",
            "line": "The SDS classifies dust and fume from the alloy with H350 (may cause cancer), H334 (may cause allergy or asthma symptoms if inhaled) and H317 (may cause an allergic skin reaction)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Ventilation",
            "line": "Use local ventilation when grinding, cutting or welding. The SDS advises respiratory protection where ventilation is inadequate."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Dust and fume carry the health hazards"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "These are the failure routes found in the sources.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Hydrogen",
            "line": "A 2022 NASA trade study rates the hydrogen environmental embrittlement of Haynes 282 as High, and lists it as ineligible for a nuclear thermal propulsion chamber."
          },
          {
            "label": "Long exposure at 1600 °F",
            "line": "After 16,000 h at 1600 °F (871 °C), age-hardened plate yield strength fell from 705 MPa to 452 MPa."
          },
          {
            "label": "Combustion gas",
            "line": "In a burner rig at 1800 °F (982 °C) for 1,000 h, the alloy lost 8.0 mils (203 µm) of metal."
          }
        ],
        "level": 2,
        "verdict": "Hydrogen is the high risk in NASA study"
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "lead": "The brochure gives the welding and heat-treatment route.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Welding",
            "line": "Use TIG or MIG welding with bare 282 filler wire. The brochure says submerged arc welding is not recommended."
          },
          {
            "label": "Heat treatment",
            "line": "Weld in the solution-annealed condition, then age-harden with 1850 °F (1010 °C) for 2 hours and 1450 °F (788 °C) for 8 hours."
          },
          {
            "label": "Licence",
            "line": "The brochure says the purchase of Haynes 282 includes a licence under the patents that cover its new heat treatments."
          }
        ],
        "verdict": "Weld solution annealed, then age-harden"
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-02",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 34,
    "unreachable": 0,
    "caveats": 2,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-02 from the Haynes 282 brochure PDF (text extracted with pdftotext), the Haynes 282 web datasheet, the H-3240b PDF, the NASA JANNAF 2022 PDF, the Haynes SDS H2071-12 PDF and the USGS MCS 2026 PDFs. Caveats: the critical-list status came from a summarising fetch of the USGS page; the supply shares are calculated from USGS tonnages."
  },
  "sources": {
    "haynes-282-brochure": {
      "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)",
      "id": "H-3173F",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf",
      "year": 2022,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "haynes-282-web": {
      "title": "HAYNES 282 alloy product page (Haynes International)",
      "id": "haynes-282-alloy datasheet page",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/datasheet/haynes-282-alloy",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "haynes-282-h3240": {
      "title": "Alternate Heat Treatments for Improved Toughness of HAYNES 282 alloy, H-3240b (Haynes International, 2026)",
      "id": "H-3240b",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/282-h-3240.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer document (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "eos-282": {
      "title": "EOS material data sheet, nickel alloy Haynes 282 (powder for additive manufacturing)",
      "id": "EOS MDS, Haynes 282",
      "url": "https://eos.info/en-us/metal-solutions/metal-materials/data-sheets/mds-eos-nickelalloy-haynes-282",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "nasa-ntp-jannaf": {
      "title": "Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Material Trade for Additively Manufactured Regenerative Chambers, JANNAF 2022 (NASA Space Nuclear Propulsion Project)",
      "id": "NTRS 20220018322",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220018322/downloads/2022-11-21-NTP-NNE-MaterialTrade_Pres.pdf",
      "year": 2022,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "Public release (NASA, statement A)"
    },
    "sds-h2071": {
      "title": "Haynes International Safety Data Sheet H2071-12, Corrosion-resistant Alloys and High-temperature Alloys (general SDS, 2025 PDF)",
      "id": "H2071-12",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/H2071-12-Corrosion-Resistant-Alloys-and-High-Temperature-Alloys-2025.pdf",
      "year": 2025,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier SDS (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-nickel": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Nickel",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-cobalt": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Cobalt",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cobalt.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Molybdenum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-crit2025": {
      "title": "About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (USGS)",
      "id": "Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals",
      "year": 2025,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/haynes-282/"
}