{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "hastelloy-x",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "nickel-alloys",
  "name": "Hastelloy X",
  "abbreviation": "X (UNS N06002)",
  "role": "oxidation-resistant nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloy for hot gas-turbine and furnace parts",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "nickel-superalloys",
  "summary": "Hastelloy X (UNS N06002, EN 2.4665) is a nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloy. Haynes describes it as having an exceptional combination of oxidation resistance, fabricability and high-temperature strength. Haynes gives a room-temperature density of 8.22 g/cm3 and a yield strength of 340 MPa for plate (solution heat-treated, 0.2 percent offset), which falls to 45 MPa at 2000 F (1093 C). The sources name gas-turbine combustion-zone parts, afterburners, tailpipes and industrial furnace parts. No spacecraft, rocket or satellite use was found in the sources read.\n",
  "best_for": "Hot oxidising gas and furnace service where the alloy must also be formed and welded: metal loss of 0.007 mm per side after 1008 h at 980 C in flowing air (Haynes)",
  "weakest_at": "Strength at high temperature and after long ageing: plate yield falls from 340 MPa at room temperature to 189 MPa at 871 C (Haynes), and Charpy energy falls from 129 J to 16 J after 16,000 h at 871 C (Haynes)",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloy, UNS N06002. Haynes nominal composition in wt%: Ni 47 (balance), Cr 22.0, Fe 18.0, Mo 9.0, Co 1.5, W 0.6, C 0.1; maximum limits Mn 1, Si 1.0, B 0.008, Nb 0.5, Al 0.5, Ti 0.15. F&W Metals composition ranges in wt%: C 0.05-0.15, Cr 20.5-23.0, Fe 17.0-20.0, Mo 8.0-10.0, Co 0.5-2.5, W 0.20-1.0, Mn 1.00 max, Si 1.00 max, P 0.040 max, S 0.030 max.",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "N06002",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Principal Features, first sentence (UNS N06002 (W86002))"
      },
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "W86002",
        "note": "welding product form printed beside N06002",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table heading (N06002, W86002)"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "2.4665",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, DIN row: 17742 No. 2.4665 NiCr22Fe18Mo"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN name",
        "code": "NiCr22Fe18Mo",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, DIN row"
      },
      {
        "system": "DIN",
        "code": "17742",
        "note": "standard that lists No. 2.4665 as NiCr22Fe18Mo",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, DIN row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5536",
        "note": "sheet, plate and strip",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Sheet, Plate & Strip row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5754",
        "note": "billet, rod and bar, and forgings",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Billet, Rod & Bar row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5588",
        "note": "welded pipe and tube",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Welded Pipe & Tube row"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B 435",
        "note": "sheet, plate and strip",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Sheet, Plate & Strip row (SB 435/B 435P)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B 572",
        "note": "billet, rod and bar",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Billet, Rod & Bar row (SB 572/B 572B)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B 619",
        "note": "welded pipe and tube",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Welded Pipe & Tube row (SB 619/B 619)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B 622",
        "note": "seamless pipe and tube",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Seamless Pipe & Tube row (SB 622/B 622)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B 626",
        "note": "welded tube",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Welded Pipe & Tube row (SB 626/B 626)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B 366",
        "note": "fittings",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Fittings row (SB 366/B 366)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASME",
        "code": "SB 435",
        "note": "sheet, plate and strip",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Sheet, Plate & Strip row"
      },
      {
        "system": "NACE",
        "code": "MR0175",
        "note": "sour-service listing",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Others row"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "HASTELLOY® X",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Page title and Principal Features"
      }
    ],
    "source": "haynes-x",
    "where": "Nominal Composition table (Haynes product page); composition ranges in the F&W Metals chemical composition table"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "propulsion-and-tanks",
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "value": 8.22,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "22 C (72 F)",
        "unit_in_source": "0.297 lb/in3"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Density row, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "value": 1260,
      "value_high": 1355,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "melting range",
        "unit_in_source": "2300 - 2470 F"
      },
      "method": "Melting range printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Melting Range row, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "value": 114.83,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µohm-cm",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "24 C (75 F)",
        "unit_in_source": "45.21 µohm-in"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Electrical Resistivity, 75 F / 24 C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "value": 9.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "25 C (70 F)",
        "unit_in_source": "W/m-C; 63 Btu-in/ft2-hr-F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, 70 F / 25 C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "value": 26.7,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "900 C (1700 F)",
        "unit_in_source": "W/m-C; 189 Btu-in/ft2-hr-F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, 1700 F / 900 C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "value": 486,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/(kg·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "unit_in_source": "J/kg-C; 0.116 Btu/lb-F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Specific Heat table, RT row, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "value": 13.9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature_range": "26 to 100 C",
        "basis": "mean coefficient from 26 C",
        "unit_in_source": "10-6 m/m-C"
      },
      "method": "Mean coefficient printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion table, 26 - 100 C row, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "value": 16.4,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature_range": "26 to 900 C",
        "basis": "mean coefficient from 26 C",
        "unit_in_source": "10-6 m/m-C"
      },
      "method": "Mean coefficient printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion table, 26 - 900 C row, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "value": 205,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "basis": "dynamic modulus of elasticity",
        "unit_in_source": "29.8 x 10^6 psi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity table, RT row, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "value": 148,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "900 C (1800 F)",
        "basis": "dynamic modulus of elasticity",
        "unit_in_source": "20.4 x 10^6 psi at 1800 F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity table, 900 C row, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "poissons_ratio",
      "value": 0.32,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "-",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "22 C (72 F)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the Haynes product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Poisson's Ratio table, 72 F / 22 C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "value": 340,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate",
        "temperature": "room temperature (70 F / 21 C)",
        "condition": "solution heat-treated, not aged (Haynes footnote); the tensile table heading does not restate the condition",
        "offset": "0.2 percent",
        "unit_in_source": "49.3 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Tensile value printed in the Haynes Tensile Data, Plate table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Tensile Data, Plate table, 70 F / 21 C row, 0.2% yield column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "value": 760,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate",
        "temperature": "room temperature (70 F / 21 C)",
        "condition": "solution heat-treated, not aged (Haynes footnote)",
        "unit_in_source": "110.2 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Tensile value printed in the Haynes Tensile Data, Plate table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Tensile Data, Plate table, 70 F / 21 C row, ultimate column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "value": 48.9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate",
        "temperature": "room temperature (70 F / 21 C)",
        "condition": "solution heat-treated, not aged (Haynes footnote)"
      },
      "method": "Tensile value printed in the Haynes Tensile Data, Plate table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Tensile Data, Plate table, 70 F / 21 C row, elongation column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "value": 376,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "room temperature (70 F / 21 C)",
        "condition": "solution heat-treated, not aged (Haynes footnote)",
        "offset": "0.2 percent",
        "unit_in_source": "54.5 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Tensile value printed in the Haynes Tensile Data, Sheet table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Tensile Data, Sheet table, 70 F / 21 C row, 0.2% yield column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "value": 783,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "room temperature (70 F / 21 C)",
        "condition": "solution heat-treated, not aged (Haynes footnote)",
        "unit_in_source": "113.5 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Tensile value printed in the Haynes Tensile Data, Sheet table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Tensile Data, Sheet table, 70 F / 21 C row, ultimate column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "value": 46.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "room temperature (70 F / 21 C)",
        "condition": "solution heat-treated, not aged (Haynes footnote)"
      },
      "method": "Tensile value printed in the Haynes Tensile Data, Sheet table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Tensile Data, Sheet table, 70 F / 21 C row, elongation column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "value": 241,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "649 C (1200 F)",
        "condition": "solution heat-treated, not aged (Haynes footnote)",
        "offset": "0.2 percent",
        "unit_in_source": "34.9 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Tensile value printed in the Haynes Tensile Data, Sheet table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Tensile Data, Sheet table, 1200 F / 649 C row, 0.2% yield column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "value": 580,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet",
        "temperature": "649 C (1200 F)",
        "condition": "solution heat-treated, not aged (Haynes footnote)",
        "unit_in_source": "84.2 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Tensile value printed in the Haynes Tensile Data, Sheet table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Tensile Data, Sheet table, 1200 F / 649 C row, ultimate column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "value": 189,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate",
        "temperature": "871 C (1600 F)",
        "condition": "solution heat-treated, not aged (Haynes footnote)",
        "offset": "0.2 percent",
        "unit_in_source": "27.4 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Tensile value printed in the Haynes Tensile Data, Plate table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Tensile Data, Plate table, 1600 F / 871 C row, 0.2% yield column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "value": 1036,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate",
        "temperature": "-196 C (-320 F)",
        "condition": "heat-treated at 2150 F (1177 C), rapid cooled",
        "unit_in_source": "150.2 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Haynes Average Effect of Cryogenic Temperatures table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Average Effect of Cryogenic Temperatures table, Plate row, -311 F / -196 C line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "value": 46,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate",
        "temperature": "-196 C (-320 F)",
        "condition": "heat-treated at 2150 F (1177 C), rapid cooled"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Haynes Average Effect of Cryogenic Temperatures table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Average Effect of Cryogenic Temperatures table, Plate row, -311 F / -196 C line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "value": 945,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet, as cold-reduced 30 percent",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "offset": "0.2 percent",
        "unit_in_source": "137.0 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Haynes Cold-reduced and Welded table, As Cold-reduced, Reduced 30% row",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Cold-reduced and Welded table, As Cold-reduced, Reduced 30% row, 0.2% yield column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "value": 1110,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet, as cold-reduced 30 percent",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "unit_in_source": "161.0 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Haynes Cold-reduced and Welded table, As Cold-reduced, Reduced 30% row",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Cold-reduced and Welded table, As Cold-reduced, Reduced 30% row, ultimate column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness_rockwell_b",
      "label": "Rockwell B hardness, tungsten indenter (HRBW), plate",
      "value": 87,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HRBW",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate",
        "condition": "solution annealed at 2150 F (1177 C)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Haynes Room Temperature Hardness table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Room Temperature Hardness table, Plate row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness_rockwell_b",
      "label": "Rockwell B hardness, tungsten indenter (HRBW), sheet",
      "value": 86,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HRBW",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet",
        "condition": "solution annealed at 2150 F (1177 C)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Haynes Room Temperature Hardness table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Room Temperature Hardness table, Sheet row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy",
      "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy, average of 28 plate samples",
      "value": 140,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "form": "plate",
        "condition": "heat-treated at 2100 F (1149 C), water quenched",
        "unit_in_source": "103 ft-lb"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Haynes Average Impact Strength table; the page footnote gives the sample count (28) and thickness range",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Average Impact Strength, Plate table, RT row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy",
      "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy, plate after 16,000 h at 1600 F",
      "value": 16,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "form": "plate",
        "condition": "aged 16,000 h at 1600 F (871 C)",
        "unit_in_source": "12 ft-lb"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Haynes Aged Plate Charpy table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Aged Plate Charpy table, 1600 F / 871 C row, 16000 h line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
        "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Flowing air at 980 C (1800 F), 1008 h, comparative static oxidation test",
      "headline": "Alloy X loses 0.007 mm per side in 1008 h at 980 C in flowing air (Haynes).",
      "effect": "Haynes gives metal loss of 0.29 mils (0.007 mm) per side at 1800 F and 1.5 mils (0.038 mm) per side at 2000 F. With continuous internal penetration (CIP) included, the figures are 0.74 mils (0.019 mm) and 2.7 mils (0.069 mm).",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "static test in flowing air, 1008 hours; the rating band is the Haynes rule for metal loss under 0.1 mm/y, which does not apply to a finite-time test",
        "exposure": "1008 h"
      },
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Oxidation Resistance table, X row"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Combustion products of No. 2 fuel oil (0.4 percent sulfur) with 5 ppm sea salt, 900 C (1650 F), 1000 h",
      "headline": "Hot corrosion in fuel-oil combustion gas removes 0.17 mm of metal per side in 1000 h (Haynes).",
      "effect": "Haynes gives total metal affected per side of 6.8 mils (0.17 mm) for X, 7.5 mils (0.19 mm) for alloy 188 and 3.7 mils (0.09 mm) for alloy S after 1000 h. At 200 h, X gives 3.0 mils (0.08 mm).",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "burner-rig test, gas velocity 13 ft/s (4 m/s), thermal shock once per hour",
        "exposure": "200 and 1000 h"
      },
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Comparative Average Hot Corrosion Resistance table, X column, 1650 F / 900 C rows"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Petrochemical service, stress-corrosion cracking",
      "headline": "Haynes says the alloy is exceptionally resistant to stress-corrosion cracking in petrochemical applications.",
      "effect": "The Haynes page states the resistance in general terms. It prints no cracking test result for this alloy.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative statement from the product page; no test data printed"
      },
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Principal Features, first paragraph"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "PubChem aggregated GHS for nickel metal, from 4778 company reports and 86 ECHA C&L notifications: H317 (99.9%), H351 (72.9%), H372 (99.7%), H350 (22.5%), H360F (18%), H341 (13.5%), H334 (10.3%) and H412 (47.2%). The record is for nickel, which is about 47 percent of this alloy (Haynes nominal), not for the alloy itself.",
        "ghs": [
          "H317",
          "H351",
          "H372",
          "H350",
          "H360F",
          "H341",
          "H334",
          "H412"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-nickel",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (aggregated ECHA C&L notifications)"
      },
      {
        "text": "Haynes refers readers to its safety data sheets for the element concentrations and health effects of a given product. No safety data sheet for this alloy was found in this run, so the solid-alloy hazard rests on the nickel record.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Haynes product page; the SDS link is not opened in this run"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Embrittlement after long ageing at 1600 F",
        "trigger": "Service or ageing for 16,000 h at 1600 F (871 C)",
        "consequence": "Average Charpy V-notch energy of plate falls from 129 J after solution heat treatment to 16 J after 16,000 h at 1600 F (Haynes). Haynes also prints good ductility after prolonged exposure at 1200, 1400 and 1600 F, so the drop is in impact energy, not in tensile elongation.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Aged Plate Charpy table, SHT row and 1600 F / 871 C 16000 h row; Principal Features"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Loss of toughness and strength after brazing",
        "trigger": "Brazing thin-gage sheet with a Ni-Pd-Au alloy at 1461 K (2170 F)",
        "consequence": "NASA reports reductions of 35 percent in yield strength and elongation, 6 percent in ultimate tensile strength and 18 percent in fatigue limit compared with as-received material. The report says 200 thermal cycles between 533 K and 1144 K add a smaller further loss.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "nasa-tmx2704",
        "where": "Abstract (summary of results item 2 gives the same brazing figures)"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Strength gain and ductility loss from cold work",
        "trigger": "Cold reduction of 50 percent",
        "consequence": "F&W Metals gives typical values of 1379 MPa yield strength and 3.1 percent elongation after 50 percent cold work, against 427 MPa and 38 percent in the annealed row of the same table. The table gives no form or test temperature.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "fwmetals-x",
        "where": "Mechanical properties table, cold worked 50 percent and 0 percent rows"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Strength falls above about 650 C",
        "trigger": "Service at 649 C (1200 F) or hotter",
        "consequence": "Plate 0.2 percent yield strength falls from 340 MPa at room temperature to 212 MPa at 649 C (1200 F), and to 189 MPa at 871 C (1600 F) (Haynes).",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Tensile Data, Plate table, 1200 F and 1600 F rows"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Preheat is not required. Keep the interpass temperature below 200 F (93 C). Post-weld heat treatment is not generally required (Haynes).",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Preheating, Interpass Temperatures and Post-Weld Heat Treatment section"
      },
      {
        "text": "Submerged-arc welding is not recommended, because its high heat input and slow cooling can raise weld restraint and promote cracking (Haynes). Gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc and shielded metal arc welding are the processes Haynes names.",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Welding section"
      },
      {
        "text": "Forge or hot-work the alloy after holding it at 2150 F (1177 C) long enough for the whole piece to reach temperature (Haynes).",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Ease of Fabrication section"
      },
      {
        "text": "Anneal and rapidly cool all hot-worked or cold-worked parts to restore properties (Haynes).",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Ease of Fabrication section"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Anneal and rapidly cool formed or hot-worked parts (Haynes).",
        "source": "haynes-x",
        "where": "Ease of Fabrication section; Aged Plate Charpy table"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "propulsion-and-tanks",
      "device": "Gas turbine combustion-zone components: transition ducts, combustor cans, spray bars and flame holders, plus afterburners, tailpipes and cabin heaters (aircraft engines)",
      "example": "Haynes says the alloy has wide use in gas turbine engines for combustion-zone parts, and in afterburners, tailpipes and cabin heaters. Upmet lists jet engine components, afterburners and tailpipes as its industry applications. These are aircraft uses, not spacecraft uses.",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Useful for Aircraft, Furnace and Chemical Process Components section; also upmet-x Industry Applications list"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Industrial furnace parts: furnace rolls, retorts and muffles",
      "example": "Haynes says furnace rolls of this alloy were still in good condition after 8,700 hours at 2150 F (1177 C), and that the alloy resists oxidising, reducing and neutral atmospheres. Haynes also names retorts and muffles for chemical process use.",
      "source": "haynes-x",
      "where": "Useful for Aircraft, Furnace and Chemical Process Components section"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Nickel",
      "abundance": "Globally, nickel resources have been estimated to contain more than 350 million tons of nickel (USGS MCS 2026)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Indonesia",
          "share_percent": 66.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Philippines",
          "share_percent": 6.9,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "In 2025, nickel recovered from scrap accounted for approximately 60% of apparent consumption (USGS).",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: titanium alloys can substitute for nickel or nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-nickel",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column: Indonesia 2,600,000 t, Philippines 270,000 t, Russia 200,000 t, Canada 140,000 t, world total 3,900,000 t. The shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those printed values; USGS does not print shares."
    },
    {
      "subject": "Molybdenum",
      "abundance": "Identified resources in the United States are about 5.4 million tons and, in the rest of the world, about 20 million tons (USGS MCS 2026)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 37.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Chile",
          "share_percent": 16.2,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United States",
          "share_percent": 15.4,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Peru",
          "share_percent": 15,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Mexico",
          "share_percent": 6.5,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: molybdenum recycled from new and old scrap may be as much as 30% of the apparent supply of molybdenum.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: there is little substitution for molybdenum in its major application in steels and cast irons."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column: China 97,000 t, Chile 42,000 t, United States 40,000 t, Peru 39,000 t, Mexico 17,000 t, world total 260,000 t. Shares calculated by Space Mushroom from those values."
    },
    {
      "subject": "Chromium",
      "abundance": "World resources are greater than 12 billion tons of shipping-grade chromite (USGS MCS 2026)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "South Africa",
          "share_percent": 45.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Turkey",
          "share_percent": 17.6,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "share_percent": 13.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.9,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "In 2025, recycled chromium in reported stainless-steel scrap receipts accounted for 21% of apparent consumption (USGS).",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: chromium has no substitute in stainless steel, the leading end use, or in superalloys, the major strategic end use."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-chromium",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column: South Africa 23,000 t, Turkey 9,000 t, Kazakhstan 7,000 t, India 3,000 t, world total 51,000 t. Shares calculated by Space Mushroom from those values."
    },
    {
      "subject": "Tungsten",
      "abundance": "World tungsten resources are geographically widespread, and China ranked first in resources and reserves (USGS MCS 2026)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 78.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Vietnam",
          "share_percent": 3.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "share_percent": 2.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 2.4,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: the 2025 amount of secondary tungsten was withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: molybdenum can replace some tungsten mill products, and molybdenum steels can replace tungsten steels."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-tungsten",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025 column: China 67,000 t, Vietnam 3,000 t, Kazakhstan 2,400 t, Russia 2,000 t, world total 85,000 t. Shares calculated by Space Mushroom from those values."
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy product page, Haynes International (UNS N06002)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958"
    },
    {
      "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy, F&W Metals (chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.fwmetals.com/materials/high-performance-alloys/hastelloy-alloy-x"
    },
    {
      "title": "Datasheet for Alloy X Nickel Sheet, Coil, Bar & Plate, United Performance Metals (2026)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.upmet.com/sites/default/files/datasheets/alloy-x.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "NASA TM X-2704, Mechanical properties of Hastelloy X after brazing and thermal cycling (1973)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730004802",
      "year": 1973
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Tungsten",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-tungsten.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem compound record for nickel (CID 935), GHS classification",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/935/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No safety data sheet for Hastelloy X was opened. The hazards come from the PubChem nickel record, and nickel is about 47 percent of the alloy.",
    "No spacecraft, rocket, satellite or cryogenic-fuel use was found in the sources read. The uses are aircraft gas turbine parts and industrial furnace parts.",
    "No aqueous corrosion data (acid, chloride or seawater tests) for Hastelloy X were found on the pages read. The Ulbrich Prospector page returned a block page, and the Alloys International page lists no X data.",
    "Carburisation resistance is shown in a Haynes figure only; no number was printed in the text, so it is not entered.",
    "Creep rate and stress-to-rupture tables from Haynes were not entered as properties, because their names are not in the canonical property list.",
    "NASA TM X-2704: the abstract and the summary give different figures for the thermal-cycling loss (abstract: 6 percent fatigue limit; summary: 8 percent). Only the brazing effect, which both give as 35 percent yield and elongation, is entered.",
    "The Haynes tensile tables do not restate the heat treatment in their headings. The condition is taken from the Haynes footnote (SHT, solution heat-treated, not aged) and recorded as such.",
    "The F&W cold-work table gives 0 percent cold work as 427 MPa and 38 percent elongation, against 376 MPa and 46.5 percent for the Haynes sheet at room temperature. The forms and test conditions differ, so no F&W value is entered as a property.",
    "Thermal conductivity differs between Haynes (9.2 W/(m K) at 25 C) and Upmet (9.1 W/(m K) at 21 C). Haynes is the entered source.",
    "Electrical resistivity in F&W Metals is printed in microohm-mm, a unit that does not match the other sources, so it is not entered.",
    "No cobalt supply data were read (USGS cobalt summary not fetched).",
    "USGS critical-mineral list status was not checked for nickel, molybdenum, chromium or tungsten, so critical_lists is empty.",
    "The solution heat-treat and hot-working temperature range below 2150 F is given only as a hold temperature. Haynes prints no hot-working window."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Hastelloy X is chosen where a nickel alloy must resist oxidation at high temperature, keep useful strength and still be formed and welded. Haynes says the alloy has an exceptional combination of oxidation resistance, fabricability and high-temperature strength. Its room-temperature density is 8.22 g/cm3, and the plate yield strength is 340 MPa in the solution heat-treated condition. The fetched sources name gas-turbine combustion parts, afterburners, tailpipes and industrial furnace parts; none names a spacecraft or rocket use.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Gas turbine combustion parts",
        "line": "Haynes says the alloy has wide use in gas turbine engines for transition ducts, combustor cans, spray bars and flame holders, and in afterburners, tailpipes and cabin heaters. These are aircraft uses. No spacecraft or rocket use was found."
      },
      {
        "where": "Industrial furnaces",
        "line": "Furnace rolls of this alloy were still in good condition after 8,700 hours at 2150 F (1177 C) (Haynes)."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Keep strength when hot",
        "line": "Sheet yield strength is 241 MPa at 649 C (1200 F) against 376 MPa at room temperature. Plate yield strength is 189 MPa at 871 C (1600 F) (Haynes).",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "241 MPa yield at 649 C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Resist oxidation",
        "line": "Metal loss in flowing air is 0.007 mm per side in 1008 h at 980 C (Haynes). At 2000 F the loss is 0.038 mm per side.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "0.007 mm per side"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stay ductile when cold",
        "line": "Plate heat-treated at 2150 F and rapidly cooled has an ultimate tensile strength of 1036 MPa and 46 percent elongation at -196 C (Haynes).",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "1036 MPa at -196 C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "line": "Density is 8.22 g/cm3 at 22 C (72 F), per Haynes. F&W Metals prints the same figure.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "8.22 g/cm3"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "The fetched pages give no direct comparison with other grades, so the rows below show Hastelloy X values only. Read them as this grade's own figures, not as a ranking against other profiles.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal expansion",
        "benchmark": "cte",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Preheat is not required. Keep the interpass temperature below 200 F (93 C) (Haynes).",
      "Avoid submerged-arc welding, because its high heat input and slow cooling can promote cracking (Haynes).",
      "Hold at 2150 F (1177 C) for hot forging or hot work, then anneal and rapidly cool (Haynes).",
      "Keep the alloy out of long ageing at 1600 F (871 C) where impact energy matters, since Charpy energy drops from 129 J to 16 J after 16,000 h (Haynes)."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Hot oxidising gas and furnace service, where the alloy must also be formed and welded (Haynes).",
      "Gas-turbine combustion-zone parts and afterburner or tailpipe parts in aircraft engines (Haynes; Upmet).",
      "Industrial furnace rolls and parts, with 8,700 hours of service at 2150 F reported in good condition (Haynes)."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Long ageing at 1600 F drops plate Charpy energy from 129 J to 16 J (Haynes).",
      "Brazing sheet at 2170 F reduces yield strength and elongation by 35 percent (NASA TM X-2704).",
      "Cold work raises yield strength strongly and cuts elongation: typical values are 1379 MPa and 3.1 percent after 50 percent cold work (F&W Metals).",
      "No aqueous corrosion or spacecraft data were found for this alloy in this run."
    ],
    "verdict": "Hastelloy X is an oxidation-resistant nickel alloy for hot combustion and furnace parts, with 340 MPa plate yield strength at room temperature and 8.22 g/cm3 density (Haynes). It keeps useful strength and formability at high temperature, but long ageing at 1600 F and brazing both cut toughness sharply. No spacecraft, rocket or satellite use was found, and no safety data sheet or aqueous corrosion data were read in this run.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Hastelloy X is a wrought nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloy with small tungsten and cobalt additions, and very low carbon. Haynes gives the nominal composition in weight percent, and F&W Metals gives the composition ranges. Ni is the balance.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Nickel",
          "symbol": "Ni",
          "role": "Matrix of the alloy. The fetched pages give no element role for nickel.",
          "share_percent": 47,
          "share_note": "balance; Haynes nominal 47 wt%",
          "source": "haynes-x",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "Haynes names oxidation resistance as a headline property; the page does not tie it to chromium specifically.",
          "share_percent": 22,
          "share_note": "nominal; F&W range 20.5 to 23.0 wt%",
          "source": "haynes-x",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Present in the nominal composition; the fetched pages give no role.",
          "share_percent": 18,
          "share_note": "nominal; F&W range 17.0 to 20.0 wt%",
          "source": "haynes-x",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Molybdenum",
          "symbol": "Mo",
          "role": "Present in the nominal composition; the fetched pages give no role for molybdenum in this alloy.",
          "share_percent": 9,
          "share_note": "nominal; F&W range 8.0 to 10.0 wt%",
          "source": "haynes-x",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Cobalt",
          "symbol": "Co",
          "role": "Present in the nominal composition; the fetched pages give no role.",
          "share_percent": 1.5,
          "share_note": "nominal; F&W range 0.5 to 2.5 wt%",
          "source": "haynes-x",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Tungsten",
          "symbol": "W",
          "role": "Present in the nominal composition; the fetched pages give no role.",
          "share_percent": 0.6,
          "share_note": "nominal; F&W range 0.20 to 1.0 wt%",
          "source": "haynes-x",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Carbon",
          "symbol": "C",
          "role": "Present in the nominal composition; the fetched pages give no role.",
          "share_percent": 0.1,
          "share_note": "nominal; F&W range 0.05 to 0.15 wt%",
          "source": "haynes-x",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "No safety data sheet for this alloy was opened in this run, so the hazard flags come from the PubChem nickel record. Nickel is about 47 percent of the alloy.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Solid alloy",
            "line": "The PubChem aggregated nickel record flags skin sensitisation (H317, 99.9 percent of reports), suspected cancer (H351, 72.9 percent) and organ damage from prolonged exposure (H372, 99.7 percent)."
          }
        ],
        "level": 2,
        "verdict": "Nickel record flags hazards"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it stays hot too long",
        "lead": "These results come from the datasheets and from one NASA report, not from field incidents.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Ageing",
            "line": "After 16,000 h at 1600 F (871 C), plate Charpy energy falls from 129 J to 16 J (Haynes)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Brazing",
            "line": "NASA reports that brazing thin sheet with a Ni-Pd-Au alloy at 2170 F cut yield strength and elongation by 35 percent and fatigue limit by 18 percent (NASA TM X-2704)."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and welding",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Welding",
            "line": "Preheat is not required, the interpass temperature should stay below 200 F (93 C), and post-weld heat treatment is not generally required (Haynes)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Forming",
            "line": "Hold at 2150 F (1177 C) for forging or hot work, then anneal and rapidly cool (Haynes)."
          }
        ],
        "verdict": "Weld without preheat, keep the interpass below 200 F"
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 28,
    "unreachable": 1,
    "caveats": 6,
    "note": "Values read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the pages and PDFs named in each entry. Haynes values are copied from the Haynes product page tables. The Ulbrich Prospector page returned a block page and is not used. Caveats: tensile tables do not restate the heat treatment (taken from the Haynes footnote); the NASA abstract and summary differ on the thermal-cycling loss; supply shares are calculated from USGS printed values; no safety data sheet was read; no spacecraft use was found."
  },
  "sources": {
    "haynes-x": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy (UNS N06002, W86002), Haynes International product page",
      "id": "Haynes International, Principal Features, Physical Properties, Tensile Data and Specifications and Codes tables",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/en/?p=1958",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Haynes product page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "fwmetals-x": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY X alloy, F&W Metals (Fort Wayne Metals)",
      "id": "UNS N06002, chemical composition and physical properties, mechanical properties by cold work",
      "url": "https://www.fwmetals.com/materials/high-performance-alloys/hastelloy-alloy-x",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "upmet-x": {
      "title": "Datasheet for Alloy X Nickel Sheet, Coil, Bar & Plate, United Performance Metals",
      "id": "AMS 5536, AMS 5754, UNS N06002, EN 2.4665",
      "url": "https://www.upmet.com/sites/default/files/datasheets/alloy-x.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier datasheet, information only (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "nasa-tmx2704": {
      "title": "NASA TM X-2704, mechanical properties of Hastelloy X after high-temperature brazing and thermal cycling (Langley, 1973)",
      "id": "NASA TM X-2704, NTRS 19730004802",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730004802",
      "year": 1973,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "NASA public document (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-nickel": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel",
      "id": "USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum",
      "id": "USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-chromium": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium",
      "id": "USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-tungsten": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Tungsten",
      "id": "USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-tungsten.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "pubchem-nickel": {
      "title": "PubChem: Nickel (CID 935), GHS classification (aggregated ECHA C&L notifications)",
      "id": "PubChem CID 935",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/935/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "public domain (NIH)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/hastelloy-x/"
}