{ "spore": "profile", "id": "hastelloy-c276", "spore_version": "0.2", "family": "nickel-alloys", "name": "Hastelloy C-276", "abbreviation": "C-276 (UNS N10276)", "role": "corrosion-resistant nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy", "category": "metals", "type": "nickel-superalloys", "summary": "Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276, W.Nr. 2.4819) is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium-tungsten alloy. Haynes says it was the first wrought nickel-chromium-molybdenum material to alleviate concerns over welding. Haynes and ATI both report resistance to oxidising and reducing acids, to chloride pitting and crevice attack, and to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. The sources name chemical plants, flue-gas desulfurization ducting and nuclear-waste processing; none names a space use.\n", "best_for": "Wet, mixed-acid and chloride service where a corrosion-resistant nickel alloy must also be welded and formed (Haynes; ATI)", "weakest_at": "Hot, concentrated nitric acid, where ATI says the chromium content is too low; Haynes gives 22.12 mm/y at the boil in 65 percent nitric acid", "identity": { "formula": "Nickel-molybdenum-chromium-tungsten-iron alloy, UNS N10276. Haynes nominal composition in wt%: Ni 57 (balance), Cr 16, Mo 16, Fe 5, W 4; maximum limits Co 2.5, Mn 1, V 0.35, Si 0.08, C 0.01, Cu 0.5. ATI typical composition in wt% (typical values, not limits): Ni balance, Cr 15.50, Mo 16.0, W 3.50, Fe 6.00, Co 0.10, Mn 0.150, V 0.15, Si 0.03, C 0.006, P 0.005, S 0.002.", "designations": [ { "system": "UNS", "code": "N10276", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Principal Features, first paragraph" }, { "system": "UNS", "code": "W10276", "note": "welding filler metal form, printed beside N10276", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, alloy heading (N10276, W10276)" }, { "system": "EN", "code": "2.4819", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, DIN 17744 No. 2.4819 NiMo16Cr15W" }, { "system": "EN name", "code": "NiMo16Cr15W", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, DIN 17744 row" }, { "system": "DIN", "code": "17744", "note": "standard that lists No. 2.4819 as NiMo16Cr15W", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, DIN row" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B 574", "note": "billet, rod and bar", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Billet, Rod and Bar row (SB 574/B 574)" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B 575", "note": "sheet, plate and strip", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Sheet, Plate and Strip row (SB 575/B 575)" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B 619", "note": "welded pipe and tube", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Welded Pipe and Tube row (SB 619/B 619)" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B 622", "note": "seamless pipe and tube", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Seamless Pipe and Tube row (SB 622/B 622)" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B 626", "note": "welded tube", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Welded Pipe and Tube row (SB 626/B 626)" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B 366", "note": "fittings", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Fittings row (SB 366/B 366)" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B 564", "note": "forgings", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Forgings row (SB 564/B 564)" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B 983", "note": "seamless pipe and tube", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Seamless Pipe and Tube row (B 983)" }, { "system": "ASME", "code": "SB 574", "note": "billet, rod and bar", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Billet, Rod and Bar row" }, { "system": "ASME", "code": "SB 575", "note": "sheet, plate and strip", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Sheet, Plate and Strip row" }, { "system": "ASME", "code": "SB 619", "note": "welded pipe and tube", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Welded Pipe and Tube row" }, { "system": "ASME", "code": "SB 622", "note": "seamless pipe and tube", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, Seamless Pipe and Tube row" }, { "system": "NACE", "code": "MR0175", "note": "sour-service listing", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes, NACE MR0175 entry" }, { "system": "Trade name", "code": "HASTELLOY® C-276", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Title, page 1" }, { "system": "Trade name", "code": "ATI 276", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Title, page 1" } ], "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table, page 1 of Haynes brochure H-2002H (maximum limits in the same table); ATI 276 TDS, Typical Composition table, page 2" }, "tags": { "environments": [], "stresses": [], "applications": [ "structures" ] }, "properties": [ { "benchmark": "density", "value": 8.89, "bound": "exact", "unit": "g/cm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "room temperature", "basis": "metric column of the physical properties table; 0.321 lb/in3 is printed alongside" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Density row at room temperature, metric column", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Density row (RT)", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "melting_point", "value": 1323, "value_high": 1371, "bound": "range", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "basis": "melting range, metric column; 2415 to 2500 F is printed alongside" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Melting Range row, metric column", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Melting Range row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity", "value": 1.23, "bound": "exact", "unit": "μohm.m", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "room temperature", "basis": "48.4 μohm.in is printed alongside" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Electrical Resistivity, RT row, metric column", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Electrical Resistivity, RT row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "value": 10.5, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/m.°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "50 °C", "basis": "metric column; the British column lists other temperatures" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, 50 °C row", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, 50 °C row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "value": 18.3, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/m.°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "500 °C", "basis": "metric column" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, 500 °C row", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, 500 °C row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "value": 11.2, "bound": "exact", "unit": "μm/m.°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature_range": "24 to 100 °C", "basis": "mean coefficient of thermal expansion from 24 °C" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 24-100 °C row, metric column", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 24-100 °C row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "value": 13.3, "bound": "exact", "unit": "μm/m.°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature_range": "24 to 500 °C", "basis": "mean coefficient of thermal expansion from 24 °C" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 24-500 °C row, metric column", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 24-500 °C row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_heat", "value": 427, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J/kg.°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "room temperature", "basis": "metric column; 0.102 Btu/lb.°F is printed alongside" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Specific Heat, RT row", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Specific Heat, RT row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elastic_modulus", "value": 205, "bound": "exact", "unit": "GPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "room temperature", "basis": "printed as dynamic modulus of elasticity" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, RT row, metric column", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, RT row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elastic_modulus", "value": 178, "bound": "exact", "unit": "GPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "500 °C", "basis": "printed as dynamic modulus of elasticity" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, 500 °C row, metric column", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, 500 °C row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "poissons_ratio", "value": 0.31, "bound": "exact", "unit": "-", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "room temperature" }, "method": "Haynes Physical Properties table, Poisson's Ratio, RT row", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Physical Properties table, Poisson's Ratio row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "value": 356, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "condition": "mill annealed, which Haynes describes as the solution anneal (supply condition; the table does not restate it)", "product": "sheet, 2 mm (0.078 in) thick", "temperature": "room temperature", "offset": "0.2 percent" }, "method": "Haynes Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet row at RT, MPa column; 51.6 ksi is printed alongside", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet, RT row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "value": 792, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "condition": "mill annealed, the solution anneal (supply condition)", "product": "sheet, 2 mm (0.078 in) thick", "temperature": "room temperature" }, "method": "Haynes Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet row at RT, MPa column; 114.9 ksi is printed alongside", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet, RT row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "value": 61, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "condition": "mill annealed, the solution anneal (supply condition)", "product": "sheet, 2 mm (0.078 in) thick", "temperature": "room temperature" }, "method": "Haynes Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet row at RT", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet, RT row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "value": 365, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "condition": "mill annealed, the solution anneal (supply condition)", "product": "plate, 25.4 mm (1 in) thick", "temperature": "room temperature", "offset": "0.2 percent" }, "method": "Haynes Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Plate row at RT, MPa column; 52.9 ksi is printed alongside", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Plate, RT row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "value": 785, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "condition": "mill annealed, the solution anneal (supply condition)", "product": "plate, 25.4 mm (1 in) thick", "temperature": "room temperature" }, "method": "Haynes Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Plate row at RT, MPa column; 113.9 ksi is printed alongside", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Plate, RT row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "value": 225, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "condition": "mill annealed, the solution anneal (supply condition)", "product": "sheet, 2 mm (0.078 in) thick", "temperature": "427 °C (800 °F)", "offset": "0.2 percent" }, "method": "Haynes Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet row at 800 F (427 C), MPa column; 32.7 ksi is printed alongside", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet, 800 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "value": 650, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "condition": "mill annealed, the solution anneal (supply condition)", "product": "sheet, 2 mm (0.078 in) thick", "temperature": "427 °C (800 °F)" }, "method": "Haynes Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet row at 800 F (427 C), MPa column; 94.3 ksi is printed alongside", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, Sheet, 800 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "hardness_rockwell_b", "label": "Rockwell B hardness, tungsten indenter (HRBW)", "value": 88, "bound": "exact", "unit": "HRBW", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "condition": "solution annealed (printed in the hardness table note)", "product": "sheet" }, "method": "Haynes Hardness table, Sheet row", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Hardness table, Sheet row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "hardness_rockwell_b", "label": "Rockwell B hardness, tungsten indenter (HRBW)", "value": 86, "bound": "exact", "unit": "HRBW", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "condition": "solution annealed (printed in the hardness table note)", "product": "bar" }, "method": "Haynes Hardness table, Bar row", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Hardness table, Bar row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy", "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy", "value": 479, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "room temperature", "specimen": "Charpy V-notch, mill annealed plate", "basis": "353 ft-lbf is printed alongside" }, "method": "Haynes Impact Strength table, RT row, J column", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Impact Strength table, RT row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy", "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy", "value": 519, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "-196 °C (-320 °F)", "specimen": "Charpy V-notch, mill annealed plate", "basis": "383 ft-lbf is printed alongside" }, "method": "Haynes Impact Strength table, -320 F row, J column", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Impact Strength table, -320 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "max_service_temp", "value": 677, "bound": "exact", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "basis": "code approval: ASME Section VIII Div. 1 and Div. 2 approve 1250 F (677 C) for plate, sheet, bar, forgings, fittings and pipe; ASME B31.3 also 1250 F", "condition": "product forms as listed in the approval footnotes" }, "method": "Haynes Specifications and Codes page, Codes table, ASME Section VIII row", "status": "ground", "note": "A code approval temperature, not a test result. The brochure gives lower code limits for other codes, for example 1000 F for ASME Section I.", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Specifications and Codes page, Codes table, ASME Section VIII row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "critical_pitting_temperature", "label": "Critical pitting temperature in acidified 6% ferric chloride", "value": 150, "bound": "lower", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "test": "ASTM G 48 in acidified 6 wt% ferric chloride; lowest temperature for attack within 72 hours", "basis": "printed as >150 C (>302 F)" }, "method": "Haynes Resistance to Pitting and Crevice Corrosion table, C-276 row", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Resistance to Pitting and Crevice Corrosion table, C-276 row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "critical_crevice_temperature", "label": "Critical crevice temperature in acidified 6% ferric chloride", "value": 55, "bound": "exact", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "test": "ASTM G 48 in acidified 6 wt% ferric chloride; within 72 hours", "basis": "printed as 131 F" }, "method": "Haynes Resistance to Pitting and Crevice Corrosion table, C-276 row", "status": "ground", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Resistance to Pitting and Crevice Corrosion table, C-276 row", "source_detail": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "density", "value": 8.9, "bound": "exact", "unit": "g/cm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "basis": "typical value; temperature not stated" }, "method": "ATI TDS, Physical Properties, Density; 0.321 lb/in3 is printed alongside", "status": "ground", "note": "ATI prints 8.90 and Haynes prints 8.89. Both are kept with their own sources.", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Physical Properties, Density", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity", "value": 130, "bound": "exact", "unit": "microhm-cm", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "70 F (21 C)", "basis": "typical value" }, "method": "ATI TDS, Physical Properties, Electrical Resistivity", "status": "ground", "note": "Haynes prints 1.23 μohm.m at room temperature in a different unit. Both values are kept as printed.", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Physical Properties, Electrical Resistivity", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "value": 7.3, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/m•K", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "-168 °C (-270 °F)", "basis": "typical value; no test condition printed in the table" }, "method": "ATI TDS, Thermal Conductivity table, -270 F row, W/m K column", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Physical Properties, Thermal Conductivity table, -270 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "value": 19, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/m•K", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "538 °C (1000 °F)", "basis": "typical value; no test condition printed in the table" }, "method": "ATI TDS, Thermal Conductivity table, 1000 F row, W/m K column", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Physical Properties, Thermal Conductivity table, 1000 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "value": 283, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "specification": "ASTM B 575 minimum for plate, sheet and strip, as printed by ATI", "condition": "solution-annealed (ATI: all forms are furnished solution-annealed)", "temperature": "room temperature", "offset": "0.2 percent" }, "method": "ATI TDS, Minimum Properties (ASTM B 575) table; 41,000 psi (283 MPa) is printed", "status": "ground", "note": "Specification minimum, not a typical value.", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, Minimum Properties (ASTM B 575) table", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "value": 690, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "specification": "ASTM B 575 minimum for plate, sheet and strip, as printed by ATI", "condition": "solution-annealed (ATI: all forms are furnished solution-annealed)", "temperature": "room temperature" }, "method": "ATI TDS, Minimum Properties (ASTM B 575) table; 100,000 psi (690 MPa) is printed", "status": "ground", "note": "Specification minimum, not a typical value.", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, Minimum Properties (ASTM B 575) table", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "value": 40, "bound": "lower", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "specification": "ASTM B 575 minimum for plate, sheet and strip, as printed by ATI", "condition": "solution-annealed (ATI: all forms are furnished solution-annealed)", "gauge": "2 inch" }, "method": "ATI TDS, Minimum Properties (ASTM B 575) table; elongation in 2 inch, minimum 40 percent", "status": "ground", "note": "Specification minimum, not a typical value.", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, Minimum Properties (ASTM B 575) table", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "value": 565, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "-196 °C (-320 °F)", "condition": "annealed at 2100 F (1150 C) and water quenched (ATI test material)", "basis": "typical short-time tensile value", "offset": "0.2 percent" }, "method": "ATI TDS, short-time tensile table, -320 F row, 0.2 percent yield, MPa", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, short-time tensile table, -320 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "value": 965, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "-196 °C (-320 °F)", "condition": "annealed at 2100 F (1150 C) and water quenched (ATI test material)", "basis": "typical short-time tensile value" }, "method": "ATI TDS, short-time tensile table, -320 F row, tensile strength, MPa", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, short-time tensile table, -320 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "value": 45, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "-196 °C (-320 °F)", "condition": "annealed at 2100 F (1150 C) and water quenched (ATI test material)", "basis": "typical short-time tensile value" }, "method": "ATI TDS, short-time tensile table, -320 F row, elongation", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, short-time tensile table, -320 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "value": 415, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "21 °C (70 °F)", "condition": "annealed at 2100 F (1150 C) and water quenched (ATI test material)", "basis": "typical short-time tensile value", "offset": "0.2 percent" }, "method": "ATI TDS, short-time tensile table, 70 F row, 0.2 percent yield, MPa", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, short-time tensile table, 70 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "value": 790, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "21 °C (70 °F)", "condition": "annealed at 2100 F (1150 C) and water quenched (ATI test material)", "basis": "typical short-time tensile value" }, "method": "ATI TDS, short-time tensile table, 70 F row, tensile strength, MPa", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, short-time tensile table, 70 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "value": 270, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "538 °C (1000 °F)", "condition": "annealed at 2100 F (1150 C) and water quenched (ATI test material)", "basis": "typical short-time tensile value", "offset": "0.2 percent" }, "method": "ATI TDS, short-time tensile table, 1000 F row, 0.2 percent yield, MPa", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, short-time tensile table, 1000 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "value": 640, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "538 °C (1000 °F)", "condition": "annealed at 2100 F (1150 C) and water quenched (ATI test material)", "basis": "typical short-time tensile value" }, "method": "ATI TDS, short-time tensile table, 1000 F row, tensile strength, MPa", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, short-time tensile table, 1000 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy", "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy, full thickness", "value": 245, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "-196 °C (-320 °F)", "specimen": "full thickness 10 mm sample from annealed plate", "basis": "180 ft-lbs is printed alongside" }, "method": "ATI TDS, Impact Resistant table, -320 F row, Joules column", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, Impact Resistant table, -320 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy", "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy, full thickness", "value": 325, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "21 °C (70 °F)", "specimen": "full thickness 10 mm sample from annealed plate", "basis": "240 ft-lbs is printed alongside" }, "method": "ATI TDS, Impact Resistant table, 70 F row, Joules column", "status": "ground", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Mechanical Properties, Impact Resistant table, 70 F row", "source_detail": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" } } ], "corrosion": [ { "environment": "Nitric acid, 65 wt%, at 66 C to the boil (strongly oxidising)", "headline": "Corrosion rises steeply with heat in concentrated nitric acid: 0.41 mm/y at 66 C and 22.12 mm/y at the boil.", "effect": "Haynes reagent-grade tests give 0.41 mm/y at 66 C, 2.53 mm/y at 93 C and 22.12 mm/y at boiling for 65 percent nitric acid. Dilute nitric acid is much milder: 0.26 mm/y for 10 percent at the boil.", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "basis": "reagent-grade acid, laboratory test (Haynes iso-corrosion data)", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Selected Corrosion Data, Nitric Acid table, 65 wt% row" }, { "environment": "Chromic acid, 20 wt%, at 66 C (oxidising)", "headline": "Chromic acid at 66 C corrodes the alloy at 0.53 mm/y.", "effect": "Haynes reagent-grade test gives 0.53 mm/y for 20 percent chromic acid at 66 C.", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "basis": "reagent-grade solution, laboratory test", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Selected Corrosion Data (Reagent Grade Solutions), Chromic Acid row" }, { "environment": "Hydrochloric acid, 10 wt%, at 38 C (reducing)", "headline": "Dilute hydrochloric acid at 38 C gives 0.17 mm/y.", "effect": "Haynes gives 0.17 mm/y for 10 percent hydrochloric acid at 38 C, rising to 0.46 mm/y at 66 C and 1.18 mm/y at 79 C.", "rating": "moderate", "conditions": { "basis": "reagent-grade acid, laboratory test", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Selected Corrosion Data, Hydrochloric Acid table, 10 wt% row" }, { "environment": "Hydrochloric acid, 5 wt%, at the boil (reducing)", "headline": "Boiling 5 percent hydrochloric acid corrodes at 3.63 mm/y.", "effect": "Haynes gives 3.63 mm/y at boiling for 5 percent hydrochloric acid, 1.25 mm/y at 93 C and 0.75 mm/y at 79 C.", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "basis": "reagent-grade acid, laboratory test", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Selected Corrosion Data, Hydrochloric Acid table, 5 wt% row" }, { "environment": "Sulfuric acid, 10 wt%, at the boil (reducing)", "headline": "Boiling 10 percent sulfuric acid gives 0.18 mm/y.", "effect": "Haynes gives 0.18 mm/y at boiling for 10 percent sulfuric acid, and 0.14 mm/y at 93 C.", "rating": "moderate", "conditions": { "basis": "reagent-grade acid, laboratory test", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Selected Corrosion Data, Sulfuric Acid table, 10 wt% row" }, { "environment": "Sulfuric acid, 60 wt%, at the boil (reducing)", "headline": "Concentrated sulfuric acid at the boil corrodes at 13.08 mm/y.", "effect": "Haynes gives 13.08 mm/y at boiling for 60 percent sulfuric acid, 2.87 mm/y at 121 C and 0.67 mm/y at 93 C. For 50 percent acid at 79 C the rate is 0.26 mm/y.", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "basis": "reagent-grade acid, laboratory test", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Selected Corrosion Data, Sulfuric Acid table, 60 wt% row" }, { "environment": "Phosphoric acid, 85 wt%, at 149 C", "headline": "Phosphoric acid at 149 C corrodes at 0.29 mm/y.", "effect": "Haynes gives 0.29 mm/y for 85 percent phosphoric acid at 149 C, and 1.68 mm/y at the boil.", "rating": "moderate", "conditions": { "basis": "reagent-grade acid, laboratory test", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Selected Corrosion Data, Phosphoric Acid table, 85 wt% row" }, { "environment": "Hydrofluoric acid, 10 wt%, at 52 C", "headline": "Hydrofluoric acid at 52 C gives 0.41 mm/y of external attack; it can also cause internal attack.", "effect": "Haynes gives 0.41 mm/y for 10 percent hydrofluoric acid at 52 C. Its footnote says hydrofluoric acid can also induce internal attack of nickel alloys, and that these values cover external attack only.", "rating": "moderate", "conditions": { "basis": "reagent-grade acid, laboratory test", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Selected Corrosion Data (Reagent Grade Solutions), Hydrofluoric Acid rows and footnote" }, { "environment": "Weld metal in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid", "headline": "Weld metal corrodes faster than wrought metal in these acids: 0.13 mm/y in 70 percent sulfuric acid, 0.22 mm/y in 10 percent hydrochloric acid.", "effect": "Haynes tested all-weld-metal samples from MIG welds. Weld metal gives 0.13 mm/y in 70 percent sulfuric acid at 66 C (wrought 0.05 mm/y) and 0.22 mm/y in 10 percent hydrochloric acid at 38 C (wrought 0.17 mm/y). Haynes says the uneven weld structure gives higher rates than wrought product.", "rating": "moderate", "conditions": { "basis": "all-weld-metal samples from multiple gas metal arc passes", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Corrosion Resistance of Welds table" }, { "environment": "Chloride pitting and crevice attack in acidified 6 wt% ferric chloride (ASTM G 48), and Green and Yellow Death tests", "headline": "Critical pitting temperature above 150 C and critical crevice temperature 55 C for C-276 (Haynes).", "effect": "Haynes gives the critical pitting temperature as 15 C for 316L, 60 C for 254SMO, 100 C for alloy 625 and above 150 C for C-276. The critical crevice temperature is 0 C for 316L, 30 C for 254SMO, 40 C for 625 and 55 C for C-276. In Green Death, pitting is first seen at the boil; in Yellow Death C-276 showed no pitting up to 150 C, with a critical crevice temperature of 60 C.", "rating": "low", "conditions": { "test": "ASTM G 48 in acidified 6 wt% ferric chloride for 72 hours; Green and Yellow Death tests for 24 hours" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Resistance to Pitting and Crevice Corrosion table and text" }, { "environment": "Chloride stress-corrosion cracking, boiling 45 wt% magnesium chloride (ASTM G 36, U-bend samples)", "headline": "No cracking in 1,008 hours in boiling 45 percent magnesium chloride (Haynes).", "effect": "Haynes tested stressed U-bend samples in boiling 45 percent magnesium chloride for 1,008 hours, six weeks. C-276 and 625 showed no cracking; 316L cracked in 2 hours and 254SMO in 24 hours.", "rating": "none", "conditions": { "test": "ASTM G 36, boiling 45 percent magnesium chloride, stressed U-bend samples, 1008 hours" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking table" }, { "environment": "Seawater crevice attack, still and flowing seawater (LaQue test, 180 days)", "headline": "Maximum crevice depth 0.13 mm in still seawater after 180 days; no attack in flowing seawater.", "effect": "A U.S. Navy study at LaQue Laboratories, reported by Haynes, gives maximum crevice depths of 0.10 mm and 0.13 mm for two C-276 samples in still seawater, and no attack in flowing seawater, after 180 days. 316L reached 2.27 mm in still water.", "rating": "low", "conditions": { "temperature": "29 C plus or minus 3 C", "exposure": "180 days, still and flowing seawater" }, "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Resistance to Seawater Crevice Corrosion table" }, { "environment": "Most strongly oxidising acids, such as hot concentrated nitric acid", "headline": "ATI says the alloy has too little chromium for hot concentrated nitric acid.", "effect": "ATI says the alloy is used in environments from moderately oxidising to strongly reducing. It does not have enough chromium for the most strongly oxidising environments, such as hot, concentrated nitric acid.", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "basis": "qualitative statement; no concentration or temperature printed" }, "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Corrosion Resistance, General Corrosion, page 2" }, { "environment": "Wet chlorine service", "headline": "ATI says it is one of the few materials able to resist wet chlorine.", "effect": "ATI says the alloy is used in wet chlorine service, where it is one of the few materials able to resist this very aggressive environment. No rate is printed.", "rating": "low", "conditions": { "basis": "qualitative statement; no rate printed" }, "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Corrosion Resistance, General Corrosion, page 2" }, { "environment": "Boiling Green Death scrubber solution (7% sulfuric acid, 3% hydrochloric acid, 1% cupric chloride, 1% ferric chloride)", "headline": "In boiling Green Death solution ATI 276 corrodes at 26.5 mpy (0.67 mm/a); Type 316 is destroyed.", "effect": "ATI says the alloy is among the most corrosion-resistant materials for coal-burning utility flue-gas scrubbers. In the boiling Green Death simulated scrubber solution it gives 26.5 mpy (0.67 mm/a), where Type 316 is destroyed.", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "basis": "simulated scrubber solution, boiling (ATI chart)", "rating_basis": "Haynes bands applied to the ATI rate: under 0.1 mm/y low, 0.1 to 0.5 mm/y moderate, over 0.5 mm/y severe" }, "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Corrosion Resistance, Green Death chart, page 3" }, { "environment": "Chloride stress-corrosion cracking in boiling 42 percent magnesium chloride, 33 percent lithium chloride and 26 percent sodium chloride", "headline": "ATI reports resistance for 1000 hours in each boiling chloride solution.", "effect": "ATI reports that ATI 276 resisted cracking for 1000 hours in each of the three boiling chloride solutions, where Type 316 failed in 24, 100 and 300 hours. ATI says the high nickel and molybdenum content gives extreme resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking.", "rating": "none", "conditions": { "basis": "U-bend samples; boiling solutions" }, "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Chloride Stress Corrosion table, page 3" }, { "environment": "Seawater and brine (qualitative), and ferric chloride crevice test at 10 percent with 6 percent water", "headline": "ATI calls the alloy inert to seawater; crevice attack starts at 60 C in its ferric chloride test.", "effect": "ATI says the chromium, molybdenum and tungsten content gives such high pitting resistance that the alloy is considered inert to seawater, brine and high-chloride environments. In 10 percent ferric chloride with 6 percent water (ASTM G 48 Practice B), crevice corrosion starts at 60 C (140 F), which ATI says is beyond the stability limit of that solution.", "rating": "low", "conditions": { "basis": "qualitative seawater statement; ASTM G 48 Practice B onset temperature" }, "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Pitting and Crevice Corrosion, page 3" }, { "environment": "Intergranular attack tests, boiling ferric sulfate with 50 percent sulfuric acid (ASTM G28 Practice A) and boiling 23 percent sulfuric acid with chlorides (Practice B)", "headline": "ATI reports 200 to 250 mpy in Practice A, against a 480 mpy criterion, and 43 to 48 mpy in Practice B, against a 60 mpy limit.", "effect": "For Practice A (24 hours, boiling), ATI gives 250, 200 and 220 mpy for three heats, and states the 480 mpy criterion. For Practice B (24 hours, boiling, with 1.2 percent hydrochloric acid, 1.0 percent ferric chloride and 1.0 percent cupric chloride), ATI gives 43 to 48 mpy and states a limit of 60 mpy.", "rating": "unknown", "conditions": { "basis": "acceptance-test rates; the criteria differ from the mm/y bands used for the other ratings" }, "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Corrosion Resistance, independent laboratory study, Solutions 1 and 2, page 4" }, { "environment": "Nuclear-waste off-gas and condensate test (3 B-2 solution, boiling, 10 days)", "headline": "Corrosion under 1.5 mpy and crevice attack under 1 mil in the 3 B-2 test required by the nuclear-waste project.", "effect": "ATI says over 1,000 tons of UNS N10276 alloy were supplied for the Savannah River Plant project after the alloy passed this test. Mill annealed and pickled material gave uniform rates of 0.0 to 0.2 mpy, with crevice attack of 0.020 mm in one heat.", "rating": "low", "conditions": { "basis": "3 B-2 solution: 0.25% chloride, 0.03% fluoride, 0.003% iodide, 0.08% sulfate, 0.10% nitrate and 0.10% mercury as mercuric chloride, pH 2.2 with sulfuric acid, boiling, 10 days" }, "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Corrosion Resistance, Solution 3 and 3 B-2 table, pages 4 and 5" } ], "risks": { "hazards": [ { "text": "PubChem aggregated GHS for nickel metal, from 4778 reports and 86 ECHA C&L notifications: H317 (99.9%), H351 (72.9%), H372 (99.7%), H350 (22.5%), H360F (18%), H341 (13.5%), H334 (10.3%) and H412 (47.2%). The record is for nickel, which is about 57 percent of this alloy (Haynes nominal), not for the alloy itself.", "ghs": [ "H317", "H351", "H372", "H350", "H360F", "H341", "H334", "H412" ], "source": "pubchem-nickel", "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (aggregated ECHA C&L notifications)" }, { "text": "Hydrofluoric acid, the acid that ATI pairs with nitric acid for pickling this alloy: H300 fatal if swallowed (99.8%), H310 fatal in contact with skin (99.8%), H330 fatal if inhaled (99.8%), H314 severe skin burns and eye damage (over 99.9%) and H318 serious eye damage (19.4%). This is the hazard of the acid, not of the alloy.", "ghs": [ "H300", "H310", "H314", "H318", "H330" ], "source": "pubchem-hf", "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 14917, Hydrofluoric Acid)" }, { "text": "For the element concentrations of a particular product and the potential health effects, Haynes refers readers to its safety data sheets. No safety data sheet for this alloy was found in this run, so the solid-alloy hazard rests on the nickel record.", "ghs": [], "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Disclaimer, last page of the brochure" } ], "failure_risks": [ { "mode": "Loss of important properties from raised carbon or silicon", "trigger": "Fabrication that raises the low carbon and silicon contents, such as oxyacetylene welding or carbon- or silicon-bearing fluxes", "consequence": "ATI says raising the low carbon and silicon contents may adversely affect important properties of the alloy.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Introduction, page 1; Weldability, page 7" }, { "mode": "Embrittling precipitates at high temperature", "trigger": "Long exposure at high temperature; ATI prints no time or temperature", "consequence": "ATI says the alloy will eventually form embrittling high-temperature precipitates, although it has good high-temperature strength and moderate oxidation resistance.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Introduction, page 1" }, { "mode": "Loss of stress-corrosion resistance after cold work", "trigger": "Cold work that gives 7 percent or more outer-fibre elongation without a re-anneal", "consequence": "Haynes says cold work can affect resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, and that re-annealing restores optimum properties.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Welding and Fabrication section" }, { "mode": "Strength gain and ductility loss from cold reduction", "trigger": "Cold reduction of sheet by 50 percent", "consequence": "ATI's cold-working table shows yield strength rising from 415 MPa to 1,345 MPa and elongation falling from 50 percent to 7 percent after 50 percent cold reduction.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Cold Working table, page 7" }, { "mode": "Attack by hot, concentrated nitric acid", "trigger": "Hot concentrated nitric acid, for example boiling 65 percent acid", "consequence": "Haynes gives 22.12 mm/y at the boil in 65 percent nitric acid. ATI says the alloy is not useful in hot, concentrated nitric acid.", "severity": "high", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Selected Corrosion Data, Nitric Acid table" }, { "mode": "Narrow hot-working window", "trigger": "Hot working outside the recommended range, from 1232 C (2250 F) to 954 C (1750 F) for forging", "consequence": "Haynes says the alloy is more sensitive to strain and strain rate than austenitic stainless steels, and that its hot-working range is quite narrow.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Welding and Fabrication section" } ], "side_effects": [], "handling": [ { "text": "Solution anneal at 1121 C (2050 F) for 10 to 30 minutes, then water quench. Rapid air cooling is feasible only for structures thinner than 10 mm (Haynes).", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Welding and Fabrication section" }, { "text": "Solution heat-treat at 1040 to 1150 C (1900 to 2100 F) and cool to black in two minutes or less (ATI).", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Heat Treatment, page 8" }, { "text": "Clean the material before heat treatment and keep it free of grease, oils and other carbon sources (ATI).", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Heat Treatment, page 8" }, { "text": "Stress-relief heat treatments are not effective for this alloy; a full anneal should be used instead (ATI).", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Heat Treatment, page 8" }, { "text": "Descale with stainless wire brushing or grit blasting, then immerse in a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids and rinse thoroughly with water (ATI).", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Descaling and Cleaning, page 8" }, { "text": "Hot forge from a start of 1232 C (2250 F) down to a finish of 954 C (1750 F), with moderate reductions and frequent reheating (Haynes).", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Welding and Fabrication section" } ], "mitigations": [ { "text": "Re-anneal cold-worked parts after an outer-fibre elongation of 7 percent or more to restore corrosion and stress-corrosion performance (Haynes).", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Welding and Fabrication section" }, { "text": "For the most severe corrosive service, solution heat-treat the material after welding; ATI says the welded condition is acceptable for most corrosive service (ATI).", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Post Weld Heat Treatment, page 8" }, { "text": "Use matching filler metal. If the alloy is joined to another nickel alloy or stainless steel in a corrosive environment, use weld metal comparable in corrosion resistance to the more noble alloy (ATI).", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Weld Wire and Filler, page 8" }, { "text": "Avoid oxyacetylene welding and submerged-arc fluxes that contain carbon or silicon, because they cause carbon pick-up (ATI).", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Weldability, page 7" } ] }, "uses": [ { "application": "structures", "device": "Reactors, heat exchangers and columns in chemical process plants", "example": "Haynes says typical chemical process industry applications include reactors, heat exchangers and columns. ATI says the alloy is widely used in chemical and petrochemical processing.", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Principal Features, page 1" }, { "application": "structures", "device": "Outlet ducting in flue-gas desulfurization systems", "example": "ATI says one application is in the more corrosive area of flue-gas desulfurization systems, such as outlet ducting.", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "General Corrosion, page 2" }, { "application": "structures", "device": "Off-gas line and condensate storage tank for nuclear-waste vitrification (Savannah River Plant)", "example": "ATI says over 1,000 tons of UNS N10276 alloy were supplied for this project, based on the alloy passing the 10-day three B-2 test.", "source": "ati-tds", "where": "Corrosion Resistance, Solution 3, page 4" } ], "supply": [ { "subject": "Nickel", "abundance": "Globally, nickel resources have been estimated to contain more than 350 million tons of nickel (USGS)", "producers": [ { "country": "Indonesia", "share_percent": 66.7, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Philippines", "share_percent": 6.9, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Russia", "share_percent": 5.1, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Canada", "share_percent": 3.6, "year": 2025 } ], "critical_lists": [], "recycling": "In 2025, nickel recovered from scrap accounted for approximately 60% of apparent consumption (USGS).", "substitutes": [ "USGS: titanium alloys can substitute for nickel or nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments." ], "source": "usgs-mcs2026-nickel", "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the printed world total of 3,900,000 t (not printed as shares); Recycling; Substitutes; World Resources" }, { "subject": "Molybdenum", "abundance": "Identified resources in the United States are about 5.4 million tons and, in the rest of the world, about 20 million tons (USGS)", "producers": [ { "country": "China", "share_percent": 37.3, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Chile", "share_percent": 16.2, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "United States", "share_percent": 15.4, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Peru", "share_percent": 15, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Mexico", "share_percent": 6.5, "year": 2025 } ], "critical_lists": [], "recycling": "USGS: molybdenum is recycled as a component of catalysts, ferrous scrap and superalloy scrap, and the recycled amount may be as much as 30% of apparent supply.", "substitutes": [ "USGS: there is little substitution for molybdenum in steels and cast irons; potential substitutes in alloy steels include boron, chromium, niobium and vanadium." ], "source": "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum", "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the printed world total of 260,000 t (not printed as shares); Recycling; Substitutes; World Resources" }, { "subject": "Chromium", "abundance": "World resources are greater than 12 billion tons of shipping-grade chromite (USGS)", "producers": [ { "country": "South Africa", "share_percent": 45.1, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Turkey", "share_percent": 17.6, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Kazakhstan", "share_percent": 13.7, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "India", "share_percent": 5.9, "year": 2025 } ], "critical_lists": [], "recycling": "In 2025, recycled chromium in reported stainless-steel scrap receipts accounted for 21% of apparent consumption (USGS).", "substitutes": [ "USGS: chromium has no substitute in stainless steel or in superalloys, the major strategic end use." ], "source": "usgs-mcs2026-chromium", "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the printed world total of 51,000 thousand t (not printed as shares); Recycling; Substitutes; World Resources" }, { "subject": "Tungsten", "abundance": "World tungsten resources are geographically widespread, and China ranked first in resources and reserves (USGS)", "producers": [ { "country": "China", "share_percent": 78.8, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Vietnam", "share_percent": 3.5, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Kazakhstan", "share_percent": 2.8, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Russia", "share_percent": 2.4, "year": 2025 } ], "critical_lists": [], "recycling": "USGS: the 2025 amount of secondary tungsten was withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data.", "substitutes": [ "USGS: molybdenum can replace some tungsten mill products, and molybdenum steels can replace tungsten steels, although most molybdenum steels still contain tungsten." ], "source": "usgs-mcs2026-tungsten", "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025 column; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the printed world total of 85,000 t (not printed as shares); Substitutes; World Resources" } ], "media": [], "documents": [ { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy brochure H-2002H, Haynes International (2023)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023 }, { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet, version 1 (2014)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014 }, { "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel", "type": "report", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf", "year": 2026 }, { "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum", "type": "report", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf", "year": 2026 }, { "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium", "type": "report", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf", "year": 2026 }, { "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Tungsten", "type": "report", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-tungsten.pdf", "year": 2026 }, { "title": "PubChem: Nickel (CID 935), GHS classification", "type": "database", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/935/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification" }, { "title": "PubChem: Hydrofluoric Acid (CID 14917), GHS classification", "type": "database", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/14917/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification" } ], "gaps": [ "No ASTM B 575 or B 574 composition limits (minimum and maximum for Cr, Mo, W, Fe and Ni) were printed on the pages read. Haynes gives nominal values for Ni, Cr, Mo, Fe and W and maximum limits for Co, Mn, V, Si, C and Cu; ATI gives typical values only, which are not limits.", "The Haynes physical-property table does not restate the heat-treatment condition. The brochure says wrought products are supplied mill annealed unless otherwise specified, and that supply condition is recorded in conditions.", "No safety data sheet for this alloy was found. The Haynes and ATI SDS index pages list no C-276 sheet. Hazards for the solid alloy rest on the PubChem nickel record (nickel is about 57 percent of the alloy); the hydrofluoric acid record covers the pickling step.", "The application list has no chemical-process, flue-gas or nuclear-waste slug. Those uses are filed under structures, the nearest slug. No space use, flight result, vacuum, radiation or space-environment data was found for this alloy.", "No creep, rupture, long-term ageing or oxidation-rate data were read. ATI says the alloy has moderate oxidation resistance and will eventually form embrittling precipitates, but prints no time or temperature. Haynes prints code temperature limits from 343 C to 677 C depending on the code; 677 C (1250 F) is the highest.", "The VDM Alloy C-276 datasheet (Nicrofer C 276) could not be read: the VDM page returned a bot check to curl and a 404 in the browser. The USGS 2025 critical-minerals page returned 403, so no critical-list status was recorded for any commodity.", "Weld data are limited to corrosion of all-weld-metal samples (Haynes). No weld strength or weld toughness numbers were printed in the pages read.", "Charpy impact energy, Rockwell B hardness, critical pitting temperature and critical crevice temperature have no canonical name in property-canon, so snake_case names are used for them.", "ATI's thermal conductivity row for -100 F is left out: its printed Celsius value (73) does not match -100 F, which is about -73 C.", "Corrosion values are laboratory results in reagent-grade solutions (Haynes) or typical test results (ATI), not field data. The ATI ASTM G28 rates are not on the same mm/y bands, so their rating is unknown and the criterion ATI prints is given instead.", "Producer shares for nickel, molybdenum, chromium and tungsten are calculated from the printed world totals; USGS does not print them as percentages.", "Designations: DIN 2.4886 and 2.4887 and the AWS A5.11 and A5.14 filler classes belong to welding consumables, so they are not listed as designations of the base alloy. W10276 is listed as a product form printed beside N10276 by Haynes.", "Density and electrical resistivity differ between sources (Haynes 8.89 g/cm3 and 1.23 μohm.m; ATI 8.90 g/cm3 and 130 microhm-cm, typical). Both sets are kept with their own sources.", "Side effects on the surroundings (gases, leachates or dust from the solid alloy) were not printed in the sources read.", "Wikipedia (Haynes International, the page the Hastelloy name redirects to) gives only the brand history; no composition or property number was taken from it." ], "story": { "why": "Hastelloy C-276 is chosen where a nickel alloy must resist mixed acids and chloride solutions and still be welded and formed. Haynes says its extremely low carbon and silicon contents are why it alleviates concerns over welding, and ATI says the alloy keeps a high level of corrosion resistance in the welded condition. Its nickel and molybdenum give extreme resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking (ATI). Its limits are the most strongly oxidising acids, and its high-temperature data are thin: the sources print code temperature limits and an oxidation remark, but no creep or rupture numbers. Haynes International's first Hastelloy alloy dates from 1922 (Wikipedia).", "uses": [ { "where": "Chemical plants", "line": "Haynes names reactors, heat exchangers and columns as typical chemical process uses. ATI calls the alloy widely used in chemical and petrochemical processing." }, { "where": "Flue-gas desulfurization", "line": "ATI names outlet ducting in the more corrosive part of flue-gas desulfurization systems. In its boiling Green Death scrubber test ATI 276 gives 26.5 mpy (0.67 mm/a), while Type 316 is destroyed." }, { "where": "Nuclear-waste processing", "line": "ATI says over 1,000 tons of UNS N10276 alloy went into a vitrification off-gas line and condensate tank at the Savannah River Plant, after the alloy passed a 10-day test." }, { "where": "Sour oil and gas", "line": "Haynes lists the alloy under NACE MR0175 and says it is very resistant to sulfide stress cracking in sour oilfield environments." } ], "can_do": [ { "label": "Pitting and crevice attack", "line": "Haynes gives a critical pitting temperature above 150 C in acidified ferric chloride (ASTM G 48), against 100 C for alloy 625 and 15 C for 316L.", "scope": "material", "value": "Above 150 C" }, { "label": "Chloride stress cracking", "line": "Haynes reports no cracking in 1,008 hours in boiling 45 percent magnesium chloride. ATI reports resistance for 1000 hours in boiling 42 percent magnesium chloride.", "scope": "material", "value": "No cracking in 1,008 hours" }, { "label": "Acids, reducing and oxidising", "line": "Haynes gives 0.17 mm/y in 10 percent hydrochloric acid at 38 C and 0.18 mm/y in boiling 10 percent sulfuric acid. Chromic acid at 20 percent and 66 C gives 0.53 mm/y.", "scope": "material", "value": "0.17 to 0.53 mm/y" }, { "label": "Strength at -196 C", "line": "ATI's typical tensile test gives 965 MPa at -196 C with 45 percent elongation, after annealing at 2100 F and water quenching.", "scope": "material", "value": "965 MPa" }, { "label": "Welding", "line": "Haynes says the alloy is very amenable to GTAW, GMAW and SMAW welding. Weld metal in 70 percent sulfuric acid at 66 C corrodes at 0.13 mm/y.", "scope": "material", "value": "0.13 mm/y" } ], "compare": "Compare with [Inconel 625](/profiles/inconel-625/), the other nickel alloy in this family. Haynes says C-276 gives much greater resistance than alloy 625 to higher concentrations of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid. In the ferric chloride test, Haynes gives alloy 625 a critical pitting temperature of 100 C, against more than 150 C for C-276.", "compare_rows": [ { "label": "Density", "benchmark": "density", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Melting range", "benchmark": "melting_point", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Yield strength", "benchmark": "yield_strength", "scope": "material" } ], "handling": [ "Solution anneal at 1121 C (2050 F) for 10 to 30 minutes, then water quench. Rapid air cooling is possible only for sections thinner than 10 mm (Haynes).", "Re-anneal after hot forming, and after cold work that gives 7 percent or more outer-fibre elongation (Haynes).", "Hot forge from 1232 C (2250 F) down to 954 C (1750 F). The hot-working range is narrow (Haynes).", "Stress-relief treatments are not effective; use a full anneal instead (ATI).", "Descale with wire brushing or grit blasting, then nitric and hydrofluoric acids, and rinse well (ATI).", "Avoid oxyacetylene welding and carbon- or silicon-bearing fluxes, which pick up carbon (ATI)." ], "good_for": [ "Wet and mixed-acid service, such as reactors, columns and heat exchangers in chemical plants (Haynes; ATI).", "Flue-gas desulfurization ducting in the more corrosive areas, where ATI says the alloy is used (ATI).", "Seawater and brine service, where ATI calls the alloy inert to seawater and Haynes reports a maximum crevice depth of 0.13 mm after 180 days." ], "watch_out": [ "Hot, concentrated nitric acid: Haynes reports 22.12 mm/y in boiling 65 percent nitric acid, and ATI says the alloy is not suited to it.", "Long exposure at high temperature: ATI says the alloy eventually forms embrittling precipitates. No time or temperature is printed.", "Cold work: Haynes says it can affect stress-corrosion resistance, so re-anneal after 7 percent or more outer-fibre elongation.", "Strength falls with heat: ATI's typical yield strength falls from 415 MPa at 21 C to 270 MPa at 538 C.", "The corrosion numbers are laboratory results in reagent-grade acids (Haynes) or typical test results (ATI), not field data." ], "verdict": "Hastelloy C-276 suits mixed acids and chloride service, and it keeps much of its corrosion resistance through welding when it is properly annealed. Keep it out of hot concentrated nitric acid, and follow the anneal and re-anneal steps.", "recipe": { "line": "Hastelloy C-276 is a wrought nickel alloy with molybdenum, chromium and tungsten additions and very low carbon and silicon. Haynes gives the nominal composition in weight percent, and ATI gives a typical composition that differs slightly. The fetched sources do not describe how the alloy is melted. They describe the wrought forms it is sold in (plates, sheets, strips, billets, bars, wires, pipes, tubes and covered electrodes) and its solution anneal.", "parts": [ { "name": "Nickel", "symbol": "Ni", "role": "Matrix of the alloy. With molybdenum it gives extreme resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking (ATI).", "share_percent": 57, "share_note": "balance; Haynes nominal 57 wt%", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table" }, { "name": "Chromium", "symbol": "Cr", "role": "Gives resistance to oxidising conditions, but ATI says it is too low for hot concentrated nitric acid.", "share_percent": 16, "share_note": "nominal; ATI typical 15.50", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table" }, { "name": "Molybdenum", "symbol": "Mo", "role": "Gives resistance to pitting and crevice attack and to non-oxidising acids (Haynes; ATI).", "share_percent": 16, "share_note": "nominal; ATI typical 16.0", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table" }, { "name": "Tungsten", "symbol": "W", "role": "Adds to the pitting resistance that chromium and molybdenum give (ATI).", "share_percent": 4, "share_note": "nominal; ATI typical 3.50", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table" }, { "name": "Iron", "symbol": "Fe", "role": "Present in the nominal composition; the fetched sources give it no role.", "share_percent": 5, "share_note": "nominal; ATI typical 6.00", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table" }, { "name": "Cobalt", "symbol": "Co", "role": "Present up to the maximum; the fetched sources give it no role.", "share_note": "2.5 maximum (Haynes); ATI typical 0.10", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table, maximum" }, { "name": "Manganese", "symbol": "Mn", "role": "Present up to the maximum; the fetched sources give it no role.", "share_note": "1 maximum (Haynes); ATI typical 0.150", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table, maximum" }, { "name": "Vanadium", "symbol": "V", "role": "Present up to the maximum; the fetched sources give it no role.", "share_note": "0.35 maximum (Haynes); ATI typical 0.15", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table, maximum" }, { "name": "Silicon", "symbol": "Si", "role": "Kept very low: Haynes ties the low silicon and carbon to easier welding, and ATI warns that raising them may adversely affect properties.", "share_note": "0.08 maximum (Haynes); ATI typical 0.03", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table, maximum" }, { "name": "Carbon", "symbol": "C", "role": "Kept very low for welding; ATI warns that raising it may adversely affect properties.", "share_note": "0.01 maximum (Haynes); ATI typical 0.006", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table, maximum" }, { "name": "Copper", "symbol": "Cu", "role": "Present up to the maximum; the fetched sources give it no role.", "share_note": "0.5 maximum (Haynes)", "source": "haynes-c276", "where": "Nominal Composition table, maximum" } ] }, "risk_groups": [ { "title": "For people", "lead": "No safety data sheet for this alloy was found in this run, so the hazard flags come from the PubChem nickel record (nickel is about 57 percent of the alloy) and the PubChem record for hydrofluoric acid, which the pickling step uses.", "points": [ { "label": "Solid alloy", "line": "The PubChem aggregated nickel record flags skin sensitisation (H317, 99.9 percent of reports), suspected cancer (H351, 72.9 percent) and organ damage from prolonged exposure (H372, 99.7 percent)." }, { "label": "Pickling acid", "line": "ATI recommends pickling in nitric and hydrofluoric acids. The PubChem hydrofluoric acid record lists fatal in contact with skin (H310), fatal if inhaled (H330) and severe skin burns and eye damage (H314)." } ], "level": 2, "verdict": "Nickel record flags hazards; pickling acid is severe" }, { "title": "If a part stays hot too long", "lead": "These results come from the datasheets, not from field incidents.", "points": [ { "label": "Heat exposure", "line": "ATI says the alloy will eventually form embrittling high-temperature precipitates, but it gives no time or temperature for them to form." }, { "label": "Code approval", "line": "The ASME Section VIII code approves the alloy to 677 C (1250 F), the highest code temperature Haynes prints. Other codes give lower limits, for example 1000 F for ASME Section I." } ] }, { "title": "Handling and heat treatment", "points": [ { "label": "Anneal", "line": "Anneal at 1121 C (2050 F) and water quench. Re-anneal after hot forming and after cold work that gives 7 percent or more outer-fibre elongation (Haynes)." }, { "label": "Pickling", "line": "Remove scale with wire brushing or grit blasting, then nitric and hydrofluoric acids, and rinse well (ATI)." } ], "verdict": "Anneal and re-anneal protect corrosion resistance" } ] }, "updated": "2026-10-24", "review": { "status": "draft", "method": "assistant", "checked_values": 41, "unreachable": 0, "caveats": 6, "note": "Written by an AI assistant on 2026-10-24. Every number was read from a page or PDF fetched in this run: the Haynes C-276 brochure H-2002H (2023), the ATI 276 TDS (version 1, 2014), USGS MCS 2026 for nickel, molybdenum, chromium and tungsten, PubChem (nickel and hydrofluoric acid GHS) and Wikipedia (brand history only). Sources were reached by following links from the Haynes portfolio index and the C-276 product page." }, "sources": { "haynes-c276": { "title": "HASTELLOY C-276 alloy, Haynes International brochure H-2002H", "id": "Haynes International, document H-2002H, copyright 2023", "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/c-276.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Haynes terms (cited, not reproduced)" }, "ati-tds": { "title": "ATI 276 Technical Data Sheet (Nickel-base Alloy, UNS N10276)", "id": "ATI Allegheny Technologies, version 1 (2/17/2014)", "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/nickel-cobalt/nickel-based/ati_276_tds_en_v1.pdf", "year": 2014, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ATI terms (cited, not reproduced)" }, "usgs-mcs2026-nickel": { "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel", "id": "USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2026", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (USGS)" }, "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum": { "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum", "id": "USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2026", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (USGS)" }, "usgs-mcs2026-chromium": { "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium", "id": "USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2026", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (USGS)" }, "usgs-mcs2026-tungsten": { "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Tungsten", "id": "USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2026", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-tungsten.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (USGS)" }, "pubchem-nickel": { "title": "PubChem: Nickel (CID 935), GHS classification (aggregated ECHA C&L notifications)", "id": "PubChem CID 935", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/935/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification", "kind": "database", "license": "public domain (NIH)" }, "pubchem-hf": { "title": "PubChem: Hydrofluoric Acid (CID 14917), GHS classification", "id": "PubChem CID 14917", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/14917/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification", "kind": "database", "license": "public domain (NIH)" }, "wiki-haynes": { "title": "Haynes International (Wikipedia; the Hastelloy name redirects here; first Hastelloy alloy invented in 1922)", "id": "Wikipedia, English article, read 2026-10-24", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haynes_International", "kind": "web", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0" } }, "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/hastelloy-c276/" }