{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "hastelloy-b3",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "nickel-alloys",
  "name": "Hastelloy B-3",
  "abbreviation": "Ni-Mo",
  "role": "corrosion-resistant structural alloy for hot reducing acids",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "nickel-superalloys",
  "summary": "Hastelloy B-3 (UNS N10675, W.Nr. 2.4600) is a nickel-molybdenum alloy with a nominal 28.5 % molybdenum and at least 65 % nickel, made for hot, non-oxidising acids. It has a density of 9.22 g/cm3 and melts between 1370 and 1418 °C. In solution-annealed sheet at room temperature its yield strength is 421 MPa and its tensile strength 862 MPa. It is weak in oxidising conditions: it has almost no chromium, so ferric or cupric salts, wet chlorine and hypochlorite attack it.\n",
  "best_for": "Hot hydrochloric and sulfuric acid service in reducing conditions: 0.29 mm/y in boiling 20 % HCl and 0.03 mm/y in boiling 50 % H2SO4 in Haynes lab tests",
  "weakest_at": "Oxidising conditions: ferric or cupric salts, wet chlorine gas and hypochlorite bleach (no chromium to protect it), and cracking in welds after more than about 7 % cold work without re-annealing",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Ni-Mo alloy, nominal weight %: Ni 65 min, Mo 28.5, Cr 1.5, Fe 1.5; maxima W 3, Mn 3, Co 3, Al 0.5, Ti 0.2, Si 0.1, C 0.01, Nb 0.2, V 0.2, Cu 0.2, Ta 0.2, Zr 0.01 (Haynes nominal composition, weight %)",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "N10675",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Principal Features, first paragraph: HASTELLOY B-3 alloy (UNS N10675)"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "2.4600",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, DIN row: DIN 17744 No. 2.4600 NiMo29Cr"
      },
      {
        "system": "DIN",
        "code": "NiMo29Cr",
        "note": "name form of W.Nr. 2.4600",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, DIN row: DIN 17744 No. 2.4600 NiMo29Cr"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B333",
        "note": "plate, sheet and strip",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Sheet, Plate and Strip row: SB 333/B 333"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B335",
        "note": "billet, rod and bar",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Billet, Rod and Bar row: SB 335/B 335"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B564",
        "note": "forgings",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Forgings row: SB 564/B 564"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B622",
        "note": "seamless pipe and tube",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Seamless Pipe and Tube row: SB 622/B 622"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B619",
        "note": "welded pipe and tube",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Welded Pipe and Tube row: SB 619/B 619"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B626",
        "note": "welded tube",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Welded Pipe and Tube row: SB 626/B 626"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B366",
        "note": "fittings",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Fittings row: SB 366/B 366"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "HASTELLOY® B-3®",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Title: HASTELLOY B-3 alloy (registered trademark of Haynes International)"
      }
    ],
    "source": "haynes-b3",
    "where": "Nominal Composition table, weight %, of Haynes datasheet H-2104E"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, room temperature",
      "value": 9.22,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "unit_in_source": "0.333 lb/in3"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Density row, metric column RT",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range",
      "value": 1370,
      "value_high": 1418,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "unit_in_source": "2500-2585 °F",
        "pressure": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Melting Range row, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity, room temperature",
      "value": 1.37,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "μohm.m",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "unit_in_source": "53.8 μohm.in"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Electrical Resistivity row, RT, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, room temperature",
      "value": 11.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "unit_in_source": "78 Btu.in/h.ft2.°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity row, RT, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat, room temperature",
      "value": 373,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/kg.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "unit_in_source": "0.089 Btu/lb.°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Specific Heat row, RT, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Mean coefficient of thermal expansion, 25 to 100 °C",
      "value": 10.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "μm/m.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "25-100 °C (mean coefficient)",
        "unit_in_source": "5.7 μin/in.°F for 77-200 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion row 25-100°C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Mean coefficient of thermal expansion, 25 to 500 °C",
      "value": 11.8,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "μm/m.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "25-500 °C (mean coefficient)",
        "unit_in_source": "6.6 μin/in.°F for 77-1000 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion row 25-500°C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Dynamic modulus of elasticity, room temperature",
      "value": 216,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT, as printed)",
        "measure": "dynamic modulus (not a static tensile test)",
        "unit_in_source": "31.4 x 10^6 psi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity row, RT, metric column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2 % offset, sheet, room temperature",
      "value": 421,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet, 0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick",
        "temper": "as supplied, mill annealed per datasheet text (the table does not print the condition)",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT)",
        "measure": "0.2 % offset",
        "unit_in_source": "61 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, row Sheet 0.125 in, RT, column 0.2% Offset Yield Strength MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate tensile strength, sheet, room temperature",
      "value": 862,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet, 0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick",
        "temper": "as supplied, mill annealed per datasheet text (the table does not print the condition)",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT)",
        "unit_in_source": "125 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, row Sheet 0.125 in, RT, column Ultimate Tensile Strength MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, sheet, room temperature",
      "value": 53,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet, 0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick",
        "temper": "as supplied, mill annealed per datasheet text",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, row Sheet 0.125 in, RT, column Elongation %",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2 % offset, plate, room temperature",
      "value": 400,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate, multiple thicknesses",
        "temper": "as supplied, mill annealed per datasheet text",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT)",
        "measure": "0.2 % offset, average of 6 lots of plate from 3 heats",
        "unit_in_source": "58 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Average printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, row Plate Multiple, RT, column 0.2% Offset Yield Strength MPa; footnote on 6 lots",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate tensile strength, plate, room temperature",
      "value": 883,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate, multiple thicknesses",
        "temper": "as supplied, mill annealed per datasheet text",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT)",
        "measure": "average of 6 lots of plate from 3 heats",
        "unit_in_source": "128 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Average printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, row Plate Multiple, RT, column Ultimate Tensile Strength MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, plate, room temperature",
      "value": 58,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate, multiple thicknesses",
        "temper": "as supplied, mill annealed per datasheet text",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT)",
        "measure": "average of 6 lots of plate from 3 heats"
      },
      "method": "Average printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, row Plate Multiple, RT, column Elongation %",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2 % offset, sheet, 538 °C",
      "value": 269,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet, 0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick",
        "temper": "as supplied, mill annealed per datasheet text",
        "temperature": "538 °C (1000 °F)",
        "measure": "0.2 % offset",
        "unit_in_source": "39 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, row Sheet 0.125 in, 1000 F / 538 C, column 0.2% Offset Yield Strength MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate tensile strength, sheet, 538 °C",
      "value": 676,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet, 0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick",
        "temper": "as supplied, mill annealed per datasheet text",
        "temperature": "538 °C (1000 °F)",
        "unit_in_source": "98 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Tensile Strength and Elongation table, row Sheet 0.125 in, 1000 F / 538 C, column Ultimate Tensile Strength MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy",
      "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy, plate, room temperature",
      "value": 479,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate, 0.79 in (20 mm) thick",
        "test": "Charpy V-notch",
        "temperature": "room temperature (RT)",
        "number_of_tests": 3,
        "unit_in_source": "353 ft.lbf"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Impact Strength table, row Plate 0.79 in / 20 mm, RT, column Impact Strength J",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy",
      "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy, plate, -196 °C",
      "value": 453,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate, 0.79 in (20 mm) thick",
        "test": "Charpy V-notch",
        "temperature": "-196 °C (-320 °F)",
        "number_of_tests": 3,
        "unit_in_source": "334 ft.lbf"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Impact Strength table, row Plate 0.79 in / 20 mm, -320 F / -196 C, column Impact Strength J",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness_rockwell_b_w",
      "label": "Hardness, plate, solution annealed",
      "value": 95,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HRBW",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "plate",
        "temper": "solution annealed (the table states all samples were solution annealed)",
        "test": "Rockwell B, tungsten indenter",
        "temperature": "room temperature"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Hardness table, row Plate, column Hardness HRBW",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
        "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Boiling 20 wt% hydrochloric acid",
      "headline": "Moderate uniform corrosion in boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid.",
      "effect": "Haynes gives 0.29 mm/y for 20 wt% HCl at boiling in reagent-grade acid under laboratory conditions. The Alloy at a Glance gives 11 mpy for B-3 in 20 % HCl, against 15 mpy for B-2, more than 20,000 mpy for 316L and 1587 mpy for Monel in the same boiling test.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "concentration": "20 wt%",
        "temperature": "boiling",
        "basis": "reagent-grade acid, laboratory corrosion jobs"
      },
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Selected Corrosion Data, Hydrochloric Acid table, row 20, Boiling column"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Boiling 50 wt% sulfuric acid",
      "headline": "Low uniform corrosion in boiling 50 % sulfuric acid.",
      "effect": "Haynes gives 0.03 mm/y for 50 wt% H2SO4 at boiling. The Alloy at a Glance gives 1.1 mpy for B-3 and 1.0 mpy for B-2 in 50 % sulfuric acid, against more than 20,000 mpy for 316L and 185 mpy for Monel.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "concentration": "50 wt%",
        "temperature": "boiling",
        "basis": "reagent-grade acid, laboratory corrosion jobs"
      },
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Selected Corrosion Data, Sulfuric Acid table, row 50, Boiling column"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Boiling 45 % magnesium chloride, stressed U-bend (chloride stress corrosion cracking)",
      "headline": "No stress corrosion cracking in 1,008 hours.",
      "effect": "B-3, C-276 and 625 showed no cracking after 1,008 h (six weeks) in boiling 45 % magnesium chloride, while 316L cracked in 2 h and 254SMO in 24 h.",
      "rating": "none",
      "conditions": {
        "test": "ASTM G 36, boiling 45 % magnesium chloride, stressed U-bend",
        "duration": "1,008 h"
      },
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking section, alloy table, row B-3"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Boiling 60 wt% sulfuric acid after 1 h at 700 °C",
      "headline": "No cracking after the 700 °C treatment in boiling 60 % sulfuric acid.",
      "effect": "U-bend specimens of B-3 annealed and then held 1 h at 700 °C showed no cracking in 24 h. B-2 with the same treatment cracked intergranularly after 3 h.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "concentration": "60 % sulfuric acid",
        "temperature": "boiling",
        "treatment": "annealed plus 1 h at 700 °C",
        "duration": "24 h"
      },
      "source": "haynes-glance",
      "where": "Stress Corrosion Cracking Tests, boiling 60 % H2SO4, B-3 and B-2 entries"
    },
    {
      "environment": "All-weld-metal in 10 wt% hydrochloric acid at 93 °C",
      "headline": "Weld metal corrodes at the same rate as wrought base metal in 10 % HCl at 93 °C.",
      "effect": "Haynes tested all-weld-metal from MIG cruciform assemblies. Weld metal and wrought base metal both show 0.29 mm/y (11.4 mpy) in 10 % HCl at 200 °F (93 °C). In some other environments welds corrode faster than wrought metal, as the datasheet notes.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "concentration": "10 wt%",
        "temperature": "200 °F (93 °C)",
        "specimen": "all-weld-metal, MIG passes"
      },
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Corrosion Resistance of Welds table, row HCl 10 %, 200 °F / 93 °C"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Oxidising media, ferric or cupric salts, wet chlorine gas and hypochlorite bleach",
      "headline": "Not suitable where oxidising conditions occur.",
      "effect": "The alloy has no significant chromium, so Rolled Alloys says it should not be used in oxidising media or with oxidising salts such as ferric or cupric salts, and that it does not withstand wet chlorine gas or hypochlorite bleach.",
      "rating": "severe",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "manufacturer statement, no rate given"
      },
      "source": "rolled-alloys",
      "where": "Data sheet, first paragraph (Hastelloy B-3 description)"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "Haynes SDS H2071-10 covers the alloy group, and its GHS table lists HASTELLOY B-3 among the products with H317 (skin sensitisation, category 1), H334 (respiratory sensitisation, category 1), H315 (skin irritation, category 2) and H332 (acute toxicity by inhalation, category 4). The H302 oral-toxicity line applies to all products except those named in the exception list beneath it, and B-3 is not named there.",
        "ghs": [
          "H317",
          "H334",
          "H315",
          "H332",
          "H302"
        ],
        "source": "haynes-sds",
        "where": "GHS hazard statement table, rows for all products in Section 1 and the H302 exception row"
      },
      {
        "text": "Melting, welding, cutting or grinding the alloy makes metal dust and fume that can irritate the airways. Excessive inhalation of nickel can cause metal fume fever, and the SDS says insoluble nickel compounds have been linked to nasal, bronchial and lung cancers.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "haynes-sds",
        "where": "Hazards not otherwise classified: Inhalation and Chronic effects paragraphs"
      },
      {
        "text": "HMIS ratings for B-3 are 0, 0, 0 for the solid article, 2*, 1, 0 for metal dust and 3*, 0, 0 for metal oxide fume (health, flammability, reactivity), as printed with the asterisk.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "haynes-sds",
        "where": "HMIS Product Hazard Rating table, row HASTELLOY B-3 alloy"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Cracking in the weld region after cold work",
        "trigger": "Cold work greater than about 7 % without solution annealing before welding or further fabrication",
        "consequence": "Haynes says B-3 is then very susceptible to cracking in the welded region; the crack may not show until the component is in service",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Welding and Fabrication text, paragraph on cold-formed components"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Ni4Mo phase formation, loss of ductility and stress corrosion resistance",
        "trigger": "Time in the 500 to 900 °C range; B-3 forms the second phase more slowly than B-2 (several hours near 650 °C, against rapid formation near 750 °C for B-2)",
        "consequence": "Ni4Mo reduces ductility and resistance to stress corrosion cracking; B-3 has a reduced susceptibility, not zero",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Thermal Stability (T-T-T Chart) section, text paragraphs"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Rapid corrosion from ferric or cupric salts",
        "trigger": "Ferric or cupric salts in the process, which can form when hydrochloric acid contacts iron or copper",
        "consequence": "The brochure says these salts may cause rapid corrosion failure, so the alloy is not recommended with them",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "haynes-brochure",
        "where": "Principal Features, Applications column, ferric or cupric salts paragraph"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Attack by wet chlorine or hypochlorite",
        "trigger": "Wet chlorine gas or hypochlorite bleach in service",
        "consequence": "The alloy does not withstand wet chlorine gas or hypochlorite bleach",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "rolled-alloys",
        "where": "Data sheet, first paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [
      {
        "text": "Molybdenum is the largest alloying element (nominal 28.5 %), so the alloy's price and supply depend on molybdenum. In 2025 China, Chile, the United States, Peru and Mexico together produced 90 % of world molybdenum.",
        "affects": "Alloy cost and supply",
        "source": "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum",
        "where": "Events, Trends, and Issues paragraph (90 % share); nominal composition from the Haynes Nominal Composition table"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Solution anneal at 1066 °C (1950 °F), hold 10 to 30 minutes depending on thickness, then water quench; rapid air cooling is feasible for structures thinner than 10 mm.",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Welding and Fabrication text, annealing paragraph"
      },
      {
        "text": "Hot working has a narrow window: the recommended start temperature for hot forging is 1232 °C (2250 °F) and the finish temperature 982 °C (1800 °F).",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Welding and Fabrication text, hot forging paragraph"
      },
      {
        "text": "Haynes gives ENiMo-10 (SFA 5.11) coated electrodes and ERNiMo-10 (SFA 5.14) bare rod as matching filler metals, with DIN 2.4696 and 2.4695 equivalents.",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Specifications and Codes table, Coated Electrodes and Bare Welding Rods rows"
      },
      {
        "text": "Oxyacetylene and submerged arc welding are not recommended when the item will be used in corrosive service, and excessive heat input should be avoided.",
        "source": "haynes-brochure",
        "where": "Principal Features, Fabrication column"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Re-anneal cold-worked parts after outer-fibre elongation of 7 % or more, as Haynes advises for optimum corrosion performance.",
        "source": "haynes-b3",
        "where": "Welding and Fabrication text, final paragraph"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Reaction vessels for pure, reducing acid service",
      "example": "Haynes says the alloy is used in numerous chemical process industry applications, especially in reaction vessels for pure reducing acid service, and resists pure hydrochloric, hydrobromic and sulfuric acids.",
      "source": "haynes-b3",
      "where": "Principal Features, first two paragraphs"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Process equipment in acetic acid, methyl methacrylate and agrochemical plants",
      "example": "Rolled Alloys lists acetic acid production (initial phase, with an iodide catalyst), methyl methacrylate production with hot 98 % sulfuric acid, and production of herbicides, insecticides, ethylene glycol and ethylbenzene.",
      "source": "rolled-alloys",
      "where": "Applications list"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Nickel (mine production, nickel content)",
      "abundance": "USGS: world nickel resources are more than 350 million tons, and world reserves are more than 140,000,000 metric tons (2025 summary)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Indonesia",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Philippines",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "New Caledonia",
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: in 2025 nickel recovered from scrap was about 60 % of apparent consumption, and most recycled nickel went into new alloys and stainless steel.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: titanium alloys can substitute for nickel or nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-nickel",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (Indonesia 2,600,000; Philippines 270,000; Russia 200,000; Canada 140,000; New Caledonia 140,000; world total 3,900,000 metric tons); Recycling, Substitutes and World Resources paragraphs"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Molybdenum (mine production, molybdenum content)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Chile",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United States",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Peru",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Mexico",
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: molybdenum recycled as part of new and old steel and other scrap may be as much as 30 % of apparent supply.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: there is little substitution for molybdenum in its major application in steels and cast irons."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum",
      "where": "Events, Trends, and Issues paragraph (China, Chile, United States, Peru and Mexico account for 90 % of global production); Recycling and Substitutes paragraphs"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy datasheet, Haynes International H-2104E (2020)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Alloy at a Glance, Haynes International H-2101E (2020)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/alloy-at-glance-b-3.pdf",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy brochure, Haynes International H-2104C (1995)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.titanmetalfinishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Hastelloy-B-3-Brochure-Haynes-Intl.pdf",
      "year": 1995
    },
    {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys bulletin 304US (2011)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-3_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "title": "Haynes International Safety Data Sheet H2071-10, alloy group including HASTELLOY B-3 (revised 2016)",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://amp.generalair.com/MsdsDocs/WWH207110S.pdf",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: Hastelloy (brand history)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastelloy",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "Spacecraft, rocket or satellite use of Hastelloy B-3 was not found in any source read. The Wikipedia Hastelloy page says the Space Shuttle used 7 parts of Hastelloy B in its engines; that is the original B grade, not B-3, so it is not counted as a use.",
    "The taxonomy has no chemical-process application slug, so the two chemical-plant uses are filed under structures.",
    "No NASA outgassing, radiation, atomic-oxygen or cryogenic data for B-3 were found. Only the 1-line Charpy result at -196 °C was read.",
    "Critical-mineral list membership for nickel and molybdenum is not stated in the USGS 2026 text read. The nickel text mentions critical minerals only in an executive-order context, so no critical_lists entry was made.",
    "Producer shares of nickel and molybdenum production are not printed as percentages in the USGS tables, so producers are listed without share_percent; tonnages are in the where field.",
    "The 1995 brochure (H-2104C) and the 2020 datasheet (H-2104E) give different acetic and phosphoric acid rates, so the boiling acid rates were taken only from the 2020 datasheet and the 2020 Alloy at a Glance.",
    "PubChem nickel GHS classification could not be read (the site showed a browser check). Element-level hazard data for nickel are therefore taken only from the Haynes SDS.",
    "The Haynes SDS covers a group of alloys, not B-3 alone; its B-3 row and hazard statements are used as printed.",
    "The ASM Alloy Digest (Ni-461) is paywalled and was not opened.",
    "Other vendor pages give density 8.08 g/cm3 and different tensile values for B-3; these conflict with the Haynes and Rolled Alloys figures and were not used.",
    "No Ni4Mo time-temperature values beyond the datasheet text were read; the T-T-T chart is an image.",
    "Charpy impact energy and Rockwell B hardness are not in the property canon, so the snake_case names charpy_impact_energy and hardness_rockwell_b_w are used.",
    "Creep, fatigue and long-term stress-rupture data for B-3 were not found in the sources read.",
    "The Alloy at a Glance field test (20 to 30 % H2SO4 with ferrous sulfate, 96 days) gives no rate in the text read, so it is not recorded."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Hastelloy B-3 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy made for acids. With a nominal 28.5 % molybdenum and at least 65 % nickel, Haynes says it resists pure hydrochloric, hydrobromic and sulfuric acids, and Rolled Alloys says it resists hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. Its main advantage over the older B-2 alloy is thermal stability: it forms unwanted phases more slowly, so it stays ductile through fabrication. Its density is 9.22 g/cm3 and its melting range is 1370 to 1418 °C. The Hastelloy brand belongs to Haynes International.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Chemical plants",
        "line": "Haynes names reaction vessels for pure, reducing acid service as its main use. Rolled Alloys lists acetic acid production (initial phase, with an iodide catalyst), methyl methacrylate production with hot 98 % sulfuric acid, and herbicide, insecticide, ethylene glycol and ethylbenzene production."
      },
      {
        "where": "Spacecraft, rockets and satellites",
        "line": "No spacecraft, rocket or satellite use of B-3 was found in the sources read. A Wikipedia line about the Space Shuttle refers to the original Hastelloy B grade, not B-3, and is not counted."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Resist hot hydrochloric acid",
        "line": "At boiling, 20 wt% hydrochloric acid corrodes B-3 at 0.29 mm/y in Haynes laboratory tests with reagent-grade acid. The Alloy at a Glance gives 11 mpy, against 15 mpy for B-2 and more than 20,000 mpy for 316L.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "0.29 mm/y, boiling 20 % HCl"
      },
      {
        "label": "Resist hot sulfuric acid",
        "line": "In boiling 50 wt% sulfuric acid B-3 corrodes at 0.03 mm/y in the same Haynes tests.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "0.03 mm/y, boiling 50 % H2SO4"
      },
      {
        "label": "Resist chloride cracking",
        "line": "In boiling 45 % magnesium chloride, stressed U-bend samples of B-3 showed no cracking in six weeks, while 316L cracked in 2 hours.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "No cracking in 1,008 h"
      },
      {
        "label": "Carry load when hot",
        "line": "Sheet yield strength falls from 421 MPa at room temperature to 269 MPa at 538 °C (0.2 % offset, datasheet values).",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "269 MPa yield at 538 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stay tough when cold",
        "line": "Plate Charpy V-notch energy is 479 J at room temperature and 453 J at -196 °C, three tests each.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "453 J at -196 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weigh",
        "line": "Density is 9.22 g/cm3 at room temperature.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "9.22 g/cm3"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "The 2020 Alloy at a Glance sets B-3 against B-2, 316L and Monel in boiling acids. In 20 % hydrochloric acid B-3 corrodes at 11 mpy, B-2 at 15 mpy, 316L at more than 20,000 mpy and Monel at 1587 mpy. In 50 % sulfuric acid B-3 is at 1.1 mpy, B-2 at 1.0 mpy, 316L at more than 20,000 mpy and Monel at 185 mpy. In the same boiling-acid test B-2 is about as good as B-3 in sulfuric acid, so the gain is mainly in thermal stability and in hydrochloric acid.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Melting range",
        "benchmark": "melting_point",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield strength, sheet at room temperature",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Solution anneal at 1066 °C and water quench after hot working, and after cold work above about 7 %.",
      "Keep ferric and cupric salts, wet chlorine gas and hypochlorite bleach away from the alloy.",
      "Use ENiMo-10 or ERNiMo-10 filler metal and avoid excessive heat input in welding."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Reducing hydrochloric and sulfuric acid service: 0.29 mm/y in boiling 20 % HCl and 0.03 mm/y in boiling 50 % H2SO4 in Haynes lab tests.",
      "Welded parts in the as-welded condition, because the carbon content is 0.01 % or less.",
      "Equipment that must resist chloride cracking: no cracking in 1,008 h in boiling 45 % magnesium chloride."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Oxidising salts: ferric or cupric salts can cause rapid corrosion failure, and wet chlorine or hypochlorite is not withstood.",
      "Cold work above about 7 % without re-annealing makes welds crack, sometimes only in service.",
      "Ni4Mo can form between 500 and 900 °C; B-3 forms it more slowly than B-2 but is not immune.",
      "No spacecraft, outgassing, radiation or atomic-oxygen data were found for this alloy."
    ],
    "verdict": "Hastelloy B-3 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy for hot, non-oxidising acids, especially hydrochloric acid. It has a density of 9.22 g/cm3 and, as solution-annealed sheet, a room-temperature tensile strength of 862 MPa. It works well in reducing chemical plant, fails in oxidising salts and wet chlorine, and must be annealed after heavy cold work. No space or rocket use was found for this grade.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Ni-Mo alloy made as wrought plate, sheet, strip, billet, bar, wire, pipe and tube (Haynes brochure). Wrought products are supplied solution heat-treated (mill annealed) unless otherwise specified, and the annealing temperature is 1066 °C with a water quench (Haynes H-2104E). Rolled Alloys gives the specification ranges Ni 65 min, Mo 27 to 32, Cr 1 to 3, Fe 1 to 3 and maxima for the rest. The parts below are the Haynes nominal composition.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Nickel",
          "symbol": "Ni",
          "role": "matrix metal, gives the austenitic structure and corrosion resistance",
          "share_percent": 65,
          "share_note": "minimum; the rest of the alloy",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Nickel 65 min"
        },
        {
          "name": "Molybdenum",
          "symbol": "Mo",
          "role": "main alloying element, gives resistance to reducing acids",
          "share_percent": 28.5,
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Molybdenum 28.5"
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "minor addition; Haynes notes little chromium is present",
          "share_percent": 1.5,
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Chromium 1.5"
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_percent": 1.5,
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Iron 1.5"
        },
        {
          "name": "Tungsten",
          "symbol": "W",
          "role": "minor element, improves stability",
          "share_note": "maximum 3",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Tungsten 3 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Manganese",
          "symbol": "Mn",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 3",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Manganese 3 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Cobalt",
          "symbol": "Co",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 3",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Cobalt 3 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Aluminum",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.5",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Aluminum 0.5 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Titanium",
          "symbol": "Ti",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.2",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Titanium 0.2 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Silicon",
          "symbol": "Si",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.1",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Silicon 0.1 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Carbon",
          "symbol": "C",
          "role": "kept low so the alloy can be used as welded",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.01",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Carbon 0.01 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Niobium",
          "symbol": "Nb",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.2",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Niobium 0.2 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Vanadium",
          "symbol": "V",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.2",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Vanadium 0.2 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.2",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Copper 0.2 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Tantalum",
          "symbol": "Ta",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.2",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Tantalum 0.2 max"
        },
        {
          "name": "Zirconium",
          "symbol": "Zr",
          "role": "minor element",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.01",
          "source": "haynes-b3",
          "where": "Nominal Composition table, Zirconium 0.01 max"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The main health route is metal dust and fume from welding, cutting or grinding. Solid metal is rated 0 on every HMIS scale in the Haynes SDS.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Solid metal",
            "line": "The Haynes SDS gives the solid article a health, flammability and reactivity rating of 0, 0, 0."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust and fume",
            "line": "Metal dust and fume from melting, welding, cutting or grinding can irritate the airways. Excessive inhalation of nickel can cause metal fume fever, and insoluble nickel compounds are linked to lung cancer."
          },
          {
            "label": "Skin and sensitisation",
            "line": "The SDS lists H317 (skin sensitisation) and H334 (respiratory sensitisation) for the product group that includes B-3."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Fume and dust"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "These are the failure routes the sources describe. Each comes from a datasheet statement, not from a field failure record.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Cracking in welds",
            "line": "After more than about 7 % cold work without solution annealing, Haynes says B-3 is very susceptible to cracking in the welded region, which may show only in service."
          },
          {
            "label": "Phase formation",
            "line": "Ni4Mo can form between 500 and 900 °C and lowers ductility and stress corrosion resistance. B-3 forms it more slowly than B-2."
          },
          {
            "label": "Oxidising conditions",
            "line": "Ferric or cupric salts and wet chlorine or hypochlorite attack the alloy, which has almost no chromium to protect it."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Anneal after forming",
            "line": "Solution anneal at 1066 °C, hold 10 to 30 minutes and water quench; re-anneal after outer-fibre elongation of 7 % or more."
          },
          {
            "label": "Narrow hot-work window",
            "line": "Hot forging starts at 1232 °C and finishes at 982 °C, and the alloy work-hardens faster than austenitic stainless steel."
          },
          {
            "label": "Filler metal",
            "line": "Use ENiMo-10 coated electrodes or ERNiMo-10 bare rod as matching filler metal."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 19,
    "unreachable": 2,
    "caveats": 4,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the Haynes datasheet H-2104E and the other pages named in each entry (PDFs extracted with pdftotext). Unreachable: PubChem nickel GHS (browser check) and the ASM Alloy Digest (paywall). Caveats: tensile values are as-supplied mill-annealed datasheet values, the plate values are averages of 6 lots, the 1995 brochure differs from the 2020 datasheet on acid rates, and the hazard statements come from a group SDS."
  },
  "sources": {
    "haynes-b3": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International datasheet H-2104E",
      "id": "H-2104E, copyright 2020 Haynes International; UNS N10675",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
      "year": 2020,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer datasheet, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "haynes-glance": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Alloy at a Glance, Haynes International H-2101E",
      "id": "H-2101E, copyright 2020 Haynes International",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/alloy-at-glance-b-3.pdf",
      "year": 2020,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer summary, general information only (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "haynes-brochure": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy brochure, Haynes International H-2104C (copy hosted by Titan Metal Finishing)",
      "id": "H-2104C, copyright 1995 Haynes International",
      "url": "https://www.titanmetalfinishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Hastelloy-B-3-Brochure-Haynes-Intl.pdf",
      "year": 1995,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer brochure, older edition (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "rolled-alloys": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys bulletin 304US",
      "id": "Bulletin No. 304US, 10/11",
      "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-3_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
      "year": 2011,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Distributor data sheet, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "haynes-sds": {
      "title": "Safety Data Sheet H2071-10, Haynes International, corrosion-resistant and high-temperature alloy group",
      "id": "SDS H2071-10; revised January 29, 2016; replaces H2071-9",
      "url": "https://amp.generalair.com/MsdsDocs/WWH207110S.pdf",
      "year": 2016,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-nickel": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Nickel",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Molybdenum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "wikipedia-hastelloy": {
      "title": "Hastelloy (Wikipedia), brand history and Haynes International",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastelloy",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/hastelloy-b3/"
}