{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "hastelloy-b2",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "nickel-alloys",
  "name": "Hastelloy B-2",
  "abbreviation": "Ni-Mo",
  "role": "corrosion-resistant alloy for reducing acids",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "nickel-superalloys",
  "summary": "Hastelloy B-2 (UNS N10665, W. Nr./EN 2.4617) is a nickel-molybdenum alloy made for reducing acids. The Haynes safety data sheet gives its nominal composition as 69 % nickel and 28 % molybdenum. Rolled Alloys gives a minimum specified tensile strength of 110 ksi and a minimum specified yield strength of 51 ksi for sheet and plate. In Haynes's table of boiling-acid corrosion, B-2 corrodes at 15 mpy in boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid and at 1.0 mpy in boiling 50 % sulfuric acid. It has no significant chromium, so it is not used in oxidising media.\n",
  "best_for": "Reducing acids at high concentration and temperature: 15 mpy in boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid and 1.0 mpy in boiling 50 % sulfuric acid (Haynes)",
  "weakest_at": "Oxidising media, oxidising salts, wet chlorine and hypochlorite bleach (no chromium); loss of ductility in the 1000 to 1600 °F range (Rolled Alloys)",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Ni-Mo alloy; nominal composition in the Haynes SDS is nickel 69 % and molybdenum 28 % by weight, with low chromium, iron, manganese, cobalt, silicon and carbon",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "N10665",
        "source": "rolled-b2",
        "where": "Specifications line, UNS: N10665"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "2.4617",
        "source": "rolled-b2",
        "where": "Specifications line, W. Nr./EN: 2.4617"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B333",
        "source": "rolled-b2",
        "where": "Specifications line, ASTM: B 333"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B335",
        "source": "rolled-b2",
        "where": "Specifications line, ASTM: B 335"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B619",
        "source": "rolled-b2",
        "where": "Specifications line, ASTM: B 619"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B622",
        "source": "rolled-b2",
        "where": "Specifications line, ASTM: B 622"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B626",
        "source": "rolled-b2",
        "where": "Specifications line, ASTM: B 626"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B366",
        "source": "rolled-b2",
        "where": "Specifications line, ASTM: B 366"
      }
    ],
    "source": "haynes-sds",
    "where": "Section 3 composition table (page 5 of 16), B-2 alloy column; Rolled Alloys chemical composition table for the specified ranges"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density",
      "value": 0.333,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "lb/in3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "printed in the Physical Properties block of the Rolled Alloys datasheet; no metric value is printed on that page",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a distributor datasheet (Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Physical Properties block, Density line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point (approximate)",
      "value": 2425,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°F",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "printed with a tilde (approximate) in the Haynes SDS composition table",
        "pressure": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Approximate value printed in the manufacturer's safety data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-sds",
      "where": "Composition table (page 5 of 16), Melting Point (° F) row, B-2 alloy column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Safety Data Sheet H2071-10, Corrosion-Resistant Alloys and High-Temperature Alloys, Haynes International (copy hosted by General Air)",
        "id": "Haynes International SDS H2071-10",
        "url": "https://amp.generalair.com/MsdsDocs/WWH207110S.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity",
      "value": 824,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "Ohm-circ mil/ft",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature, as the datasheet lists the property without a temperature",
        "form": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Physical Properties block, Electrical Resistivity line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity at 212 °F",
      "value": 7.1,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "Btu • ft/ft2 • hr • °F",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "212 °F (the column heading as printed)",
        "basis": "value in the Thermal Conductivity row of the table"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity row, 212 column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity at 932 °F",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "Btu • ft/ft2 • hr • °F",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "932 °F (the column heading as printed)",
        "basis": "value in the Thermal Conductivity row of the table"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity row, 932 column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, typical, sheet and plate",
      "value": 130,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet and plate (average tensile data heading)",
        "basis": "typical value",
        "temper": "not stated",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Ultimate Tensile Strength, Typical column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, minimum specified, sheet and plate",
      "value": 110,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet and plate (average tensile data heading)",
        "basis": "minimum specified",
        "temper": "not stated",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Minimum specified value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Ultimate Tensile Strength, Minimum Specified column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "0.2 % yield strength, typical, sheet and plate",
      "value": 59,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet and plate (average tensile data heading)",
        "basis": "typical value, 0.2 % offset",
        "temper": "not stated",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, 0.2% Yield Strength, Typical column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "0.2 % yield strength, minimum specified, sheet and plate",
      "value": 51,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet and plate (average tensile data heading)",
        "basis": "minimum specified, 0.2 % offset",
        "temper": "not stated",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Minimum specified value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, 0.2% Yield Strength, Minimum Specified column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, typical, sheet and plate",
      "value": 60,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet and plate (average tensile data heading)",
        "basis": "typical value",
        "temper": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Elongation, Typical column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, minimum specified, sheet and plate",
      "value": 40,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet and plate (average tensile data heading)",
        "basis": "minimum specified",
        "temper": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Minimum specified value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Elongation, Minimum Specified column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, minimum, metric listing",
      "value": 760,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "minimum value in the Mechanical Properties table of a supplier listing; the listing does not state the form or temper",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in a supplier table (Tachart)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "tachart-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) row, Min column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B2 alloy data page (Tachart)",
        "id": "Tachart product page, ?p=479",
        "url": "https://www.tachart.com/?p=479",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "Supplier web page, illustrative data (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "0.2 % proof stress, minimum, metric listing",
      "value": 350,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "minimum value in the Mechanical Properties table of a supplier listing; the listing does not state the form or temper",
        "measure": "0.2 % proof stress"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in a supplier table (Tachart)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "tachart-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, 0.2% Proof Stress row, Min column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B2 alloy data page (Tachart)",
        "id": "Tachart product page, ?p=479",
        "url": "https://www.tachart.com/?p=479",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "Supplier web page, illustrative data (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness_rockwell_b",
      "label": "Hardness, typical, sheet and plate",
      "value": 94,
      "value_high": 98,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "HRB",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet and plate",
        "basis": "typical value",
        "test": "Rockwell B (the unit as printed)"
      },
      "method": "Typical range printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Hardness MAX row, Typical column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness_rockwell_b",
      "label": "Hardness, maximum specified, sheet and plate",
      "value": 100,
      "bound": "upper",
      "unit": "HRB",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet and plate",
        "basis": "maximum specified",
        "test": "Rockwell B (the unit as printed)"
      },
      "method": "Maximum specified value printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Hardness MAX row, Minimum Specified column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "phase_formation_temperature",
      "label": "Temperature at which Ni4Mo forms rapidly in B-2",
      "value": 750,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "stated as around 750°C in a Haynes brochure written about its B-3 alloy; the brochure says B-2 suffers rapid formation of Ni4Mo at that temperature",
        "time": "rapid, no time given for B-2"
      },
      "method": "Approximate temperature stated in a manufacturer brochure",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-b3-brochure",
      "where": "Page 2 text, paragraph on B-3 versus its predecessor B-2 (the brochure's time-temperature-transformation comparison)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy brochure, Haynes International (Principal Features, Thermal Stability section, comparison with B-2)",
        "id": "Haynes International brochure, B-3 alloy",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2024,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "molybdenum_content",
      "label": "Molybdenum content, specified range",
      "value": 26,
      "value_high": 30,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "specified minimum and maximum, weight percent"
      },
      "method": "Specified range printed in a distributor datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Chemical Composition table, Mo row, MIN and MAX columns",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
        "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
        "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
        "year": 2011,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "molybdenum_content",
      "label": "Molybdenum content, nominal",
      "value": 28,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "nominal composition, weight percent, B-2 alloy column"
      },
      "method": "Nominal value printed in the manufacturer's safety data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-sds",
      "where": "Composition table (page 5 of 16), Molybdenum (Mo) row, B-2 alloy column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Safety Data Sheet H2071-10, Corrosion-Resistant Alloys and High-Temperature Alloys, Haynes International (copy hosted by General Air)",
        "id": "Haynes International SDS H2071-10",
        "url": "https://amp.generalair.com/MsdsDocs/WWH207110S.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "nickel_content",
      "label": "Nickel content, nominal",
      "value": 69,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "nominal composition, weight percent, B-2 alloy column"
      },
      "method": "Nominal value printed in the manufacturer's safety data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-sds",
      "where": "Composition table (page 5 of 16), Nickel (Ni) row, B-2 alloy column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Safety Data Sheet H2071-10, Corrosion-Resistant Alloys and High-Temperature Alloys, Haynes International (copy hosted by General Air)",
        "id": "Haynes International SDS H2071-10",
        "url": "https://amp.generalair.com/MsdsDocs/WWH207110S.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "uniform_corrosion_rate",
      "label": "Uniform corrosion, boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid",
      "value": 15,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "mpy",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "environment": "20 % hydrochloric acid at boiling",
        "basis": "average corrosion rate per year, printed in mils (mpy) by Haynes"
      },
      "method": "Average corrosion rate printed in a manufacturer table (Haynes Alloy at a Glance, H-2101E)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-glance",
      "where": "Uniform Corrosion Resistance in Boiling Acids table, 20% Hydrochloric Acid row, B-2 column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloy at a Glance: HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International, H-2101E (with B-2 comparison rows)",
        "id": "Haynes International H-2101E",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/alloy-at-glance-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "uniform_corrosion_rate",
      "label": "Uniform corrosion, boiling 50 % sulfuric acid",
      "value": 1,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "mpy",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "environment": "50 % sulfuric acid at boiling",
        "basis": "average corrosion rate per year, printed in mils (mpy) by Haynes"
      },
      "method": "Average corrosion rate printed in a manufacturer table (Haynes Alloy at a Glance, H-2101E)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-glance",
      "where": "Uniform Corrosion Resistance in Boiling Acids table, 50% Sulfuric Acid row, B-2 column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloy at a Glance: HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International, H-2101E (with B-2 comparison rows)",
        "id": "Haynes International H-2101E",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/alloy-at-glance-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "uniform_corrosion_rate",
      "label": "Uniform corrosion, boiling 50 % acetic acid",
      "value": 0.4,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "mpy",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "environment": "50 % acetic acid at boiling",
        "basis": "average corrosion rate per year, printed in mils (mpy) by Haynes"
      },
      "method": "Average corrosion rate printed in a manufacturer table (Haynes Alloy at a Glance, H-2101E)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-glance",
      "where": "Uniform Corrosion Resistance in Boiling Acids table, 50% Acetic Acid row, B-2 column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloy at a Glance: HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International, H-2101E (with B-2 comparison rows)",
        "id": "Haynes International H-2101E",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/alloy-at-glance-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "uniform_corrosion_rate",
      "label": "Uniform corrosion, boiling 50-55 % phosphoric acid",
      "value": 6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "mpy",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "environment": "50-55 % phosphoric acid at boiling",
        "basis": "average corrosion rate per year, printed in mils (mpy) by Haynes"
      },
      "method": "Average corrosion rate printed in a manufacturer table (Haynes Alloy at a Glance, H-2101E)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-glance",
      "where": "Uniform Corrosion Resistance in Boiling Acids table, 50-55% Phosphoric Acid row, B-2 column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloy at a Glance: HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International, H-2101E (with B-2 comparison rows)",
        "id": "Haynes International H-2101E",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/alloy-at-glance-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "time_to_intergranular_cracking",
      "label": "Time to intergranular cracking, boiling 60 % sulfuric acid, after annealing plus 1 h at 700 °C",
      "value": 3,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "hours",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "environment": "boiling 60 % sulfuric acid, U-bend specimens (ASTM G-30 stress method)",
        "treatment": "annealed plus 1 hour at 700 °C",
        "test_duration": "1,008 hours maximum in the table"
      },
      "method": "Time to cracking printed in a manufacturer table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "haynes-glance",
      "where": "Stress Corrosion Cracking Tests table, B-2 entry (Intergranular cracking, 3 hours)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloy at a Glance: HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International, H-2101E (with B-2 comparison rows)",
        "id": "Haynes International H-2101E",
        "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/alloy-at-glance-b-3.pdf",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid",
      "headline": "Boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid gives B-2 an average corrosion rate of 15 mpy in Haynes's table.",
      "effect": "Haynes's Alloy at a Glance gives 15 mpy for B-2 in 20 % hydrochloric acid at boiling. The same table gives B-3 a lower rate, and gives far higher rates for 316L and Monel in the same test.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "average corrosion rate per year from the manufacturer's table; test method not stated on the page",
        "concentration": "20 %",
        "temperature": "boiling"
      },
      "source": "haynes-glance",
      "where": "Uniform Corrosion Resistance in Boiling Acids table, 20% Hydrochloric Acid row"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Boiling 50 % sulfuric acid",
      "headline": "Boiling 50 % sulfuric acid gives B-2 an average corrosion rate of 1.0 mpy in Haynes's table.",
      "effect": "Haynes's table gives 1.0 mpy for B-2 and 1.1 mpy for B-3 in 50 % sulfuric acid at boiling. The same table gives much higher rates for 316L and Monel.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "average corrosion rate per year from the manufacturer's table",
        "concentration": "50 %",
        "temperature": "boiling"
      },
      "source": "haynes-glance",
      "where": "Uniform Corrosion Resistance in Boiling Acids table, 50% Sulfuric Acid row"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Boiling 60 % sulfuric acid after annealing plus 1 h at 700 °C",
      "headline": "After annealing plus 1 hour at 700 °C, B-2 cracks intergranularly in boiling 60 % sulfuric acid.",
      "effect": "Haynes's U-bend test (ASTM G-30 stress method) shows intergranular cracking for B-2 after 3 hours with that heat treatment. The same table shows B-3 with \"No cracking, 24 hours\" under the same treatment.",
      "rating": "severe",
      "conditions": {
        "specimen": "U-bend, ASTM G-30 stress method",
        "treatment": "annealed plus 1 hour at 700 °C",
        "environment": "boiling 60 % sulfuric acid"
      },
      "source": "haynes-glance",
      "where": "Stress Corrosion Cracking Tests table, B-2 entry; B-3 entry for comparison"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Oxidising media, oxidising salts, wet chlorine gas and hypochlorite bleach",
      "headline": "B-2 should not be used in oxidising media, and it does not withstand wet chlorine or hypochlorite bleach.",
      "effect": "Rolled Alloys says B-2 contains no significant chromium addition, so it should NOT be used in oxidizing media or in presence of oxidizing salts such as ferric or cupric salts, and it does not withstand wet chlorine gas or hypochlorite bleach. No rate is given.",
      "rating": "severe",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "manufacturer statement, no rate given"
      },
      "source": "rolled-b2",
      "where": "Data sheet, first paragraph"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Exposure in the 1000 to 1600 °F range",
      "headline": "B-2 should not be exposed in the 1000 to 1600 °F range because of loss of ductility.",
      "effect": "Rolled Alloys says B-2 should not be exposed to temperatures in the 1000 - 1600°F range because of severe loss of ductility. In a vacuum it may be used from 1600°F to substantially higher temperatures.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "manufacturer statement, no test data printed"
      },
      "source": "rolled-b2-page",
      "where": "Product page, usage notes"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "The Haynes SDS for the alloy group gives B-2 the GHS codes H350 (may cause cancer, Danger), H317 (allergic skin reaction, Warning), H334 (allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled, Danger), H315 (skin irritation, Warning), H332 (harmful if inhaled, Warning) and H302 (harmful if swallowed, Warning). The SDS says the health hazards 'do not apply under normal handling and use of these products in solid form'.",
        "ghs": [
          "H350",
          "H317",
          "H334",
          "H315",
          "H332",
          "H302"
        ],
        "source": "haynes-sds",
        "where": "Section 2, GHS hazard classification table; section 2 opening paragraph"
      },
      {
        "text": "For nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni), NIOSH gives the recommended exposure limit as 'Ca TWA 0.015 mg/m3' and the IDLH as 'Ca [10 mg/m3 (as Ni)]'. These limits apply to airborne nickel dust or fume, not to the solid alloy.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "niosh-npg-ni",
        "where": "Exposure Limits, NIOSH REL and IDLH rows"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Loss of ductility in the 1000 to 1600 °F range",
        "trigger": "Exposure to temperatures in the 1000 - 1600°F range, as Rolled Alloys warns",
        "consequence": "Severe loss of ductility, per the Rolled Alloys datasheet",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "rolled-b2-page",
        "where": "Usage notes"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Intergranular cracking after annealing plus 1 h at 700 °C",
        "trigger": "Boiling 60% H2SO4 (U-bend stress test) after annealing plus 1 hour at 700 °C",
        "consequence": "Intergranular cracking in 3 hours, per the Haynes Alloy at a Glance table",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "haynes-glance",
        "where": "Stress Corrosion Cracking Tests table, B-2 entry"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Attack by oxidising media and oxidising salts",
        "trigger": "Oxidising media, ferric or cupric salts, wet chlorine gas or hypochlorite bleach",
        "consequence": "The Rolled Alloys datasheet says B-2 should not be used in oxidizing media or in the presence of oxidizing salts; no rate is printed",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "rolled-b2",
        "where": "Data sheet, first paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [
      {
        "text": "Haynes says the Ni4Mo phase, which forms rapidly in B-2 at around 750°C, 'affects ductility, and reduces resistance to stress corrosion cracking'.",
        "affects": "Ductility and stress corrosion cracking resistance of welds and heat-treated parts",
        "source": "haynes-b3-brochure",
        "where": "Page 2 text on Ni4Mo (the brochure is written for B-3 and describes B-2 as its predecessor)"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "The Haynes SDS says cutting, grinding and similar work can produce dust or particulate with the component elements, which carry the health hazards listed in section 2.",
        "source": "haynes-sds",
        "where": "Section 2 opening paragraph"
      },
      {
        "text": "If the alloy is welded or melted, the Haynes Wire Company SDS for welding products (HW-7031) also applies, according to the Haynes SDS.",
        "source": "haynes-sds",
        "where": "Section 2 opening paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Chemical plant equipment for reducing acids",
      "example": "Rolled Alloys lists 'Methyl methacrylate production with hot 98% H2SO4' and 'Acetic acid production, initial phase in presence of iodide catalyst' among the applications of B-2.",
      "source": "rolled-b2-page",
      "where": "Applications list on the product page"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Bolting in hydrochloric acid service",
      "example": "Tachart lists bolting as a use and says the alloy is 'Commonly used for its high corrosion resistance and high temperature strength in hydrochloric acid and other strongly reducing chemical environments.'",
      "source": "tachart-b2",
      "where": "Uses section of the page"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Equipment exposed to hydrochloric acid",
      "example": "Rolled Alloys says B-2 'Resists hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures' and 'Withstands wet HCl gas, sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids'.",
      "source": "rolled-b2-page",
      "where": "Features list on the product page"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Nickel",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Indonesia",
          "share_percent": 66.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Philippines",
          "share_percent": 6.9,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "New Caledonia",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (Nickel, used to make high-strength steel, and rechargeable batteries)",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: nickel recovered from scrap accounted for approximately 60% of apparent consumption in 2025, and most secondary nickel is stainless-steel scrap.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: 'Titanium alloys can substitute for nickel or nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments.'"
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-nickel",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (world total 3,900,000 t of nickel; shares calculated by Space Mushroom from the country values); Recycling; Substitutes"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Molybdenum",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 37.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Chile",
          "share_percent": 16.2,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United States",
          "share_percent": 15.4,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Peru",
          "share_percent": 15,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Mexico",
          "share_percent": 6.5,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (molybdenum not on the list)",
          "listed": false
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: molybdenum recycled as part of new and old steel and other scrap may be as much as 30% of the apparent supply, and superalloy scrap is recycled.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: 'There is little substitution for molybdenum in its major application in steels and cast irons.'"
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (world total 260,000 t of molybdenum; shares calculated by Space Mushroom from the country values); Recycling; Substitutes"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Rolled Alloys datasheet, HASTELLOY B-2, Bulletin No. 303U (2011)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
      "year": 2011
    },
    {
      "title": "Haynes International safety data sheet H2071-10, Corrosion-Resistant and High-Temperature Alloys (copy hosted by General Air)",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://amp.generalair.com/MsdsDocs/WWH207110S.pdf",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "title": "Haynes International Alloy at a Glance, H-2101E (Hastelloy B-3 with B-2 comparison data)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/alloy-at-glance-b-3.pdf",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0445.html"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No melting range from a Haynes or Rolled Alloys B-2 datasheet was found; only the approximate melting point of about 2425 °F in the Haynes SDS composition table is recorded.",
    "Elastic modulus, specific heat and thermal expansion of B-2 were not recorded. The Rolled Alloys expansion row prints its exponent only in the column heading (x 10 -6), so no value was entered.",
    "The Haynes B-2 product page and the High Performance Alloys datasheet were not reachable (HTTP 404, 403 and 503 responses); values rest on the Rolled Alloys datasheet, the Rolled Alloys product page, Tachart, and the Haynes SDS and Alloy at a Glance.",
    "Rolled Alloys strength values are average tensile data for sheet and plate, and the temper is not stated. The Tachart minimum values (760 MPa and 350 MPa) do not state form or temper either.",
    "Corrosion rates for B-2 are only the uniform rates in boiling acids printed in the Haynes Alloy at a Glance table; no mm/y table for B-2 and no weld corrosion data for B-2 were found (the Haynes weld table belongs to B-3).",
    "No stress corrosion cracking or corrosion data for B-2 in aerated or unboiled acids, and no corrosion data for B-2 in chloride solutions, were found.",
    "No space-related data were found for B-2: no vacuum outgassing, radiation, atomic oxygen or flight result. tags.environments is empty for that reason.",
    "No manufacturing route (melting practice, cold work limits, heat treatment) for B-2 was found in the sources opened.",
    "Designations: the Tachart aliases NiMo28 and ND30M, and the ASME codes, are not recorded because the sources do not label them as EN or DIN names for this grade. Product-form notes for the ASTM codes were not read from a source.",
    "The ulprospector datasheet for B-2 was not opened (HTTP 403). The PubChem GHS record for nickel was not reachable (a verification page was returned), so the hazard data rest on the Haynes SDS and the NIOSH page.",
    "The Ni4Mo temperature uses the non-canonical benchmark phase_formation_temperature, and the Hardness values use hardness_rockwell_b; both names are not in property-canon.yaml.",
    "The Ni4Mo temperature comes from a Haynes brochure that is written for B-3; the B-2 statement in it is quoted, and no separate B-2 datasheet with a time or temperature was found.",
    "The NIOSH exposure limits apply to airborne nickel dust or fume, not to the solid alloy. They are recorded as context, not as a property of the alloy.",
    "The European Commission critical raw materials list was not checked for nickel and molybdenum; only the USGS 2025 list is recorded.",
    "The Haynes B-2 nominal chromium, iron, manganese and cobalt values are printed as maxima or less than values in the SDS; they are described in words in the recipe and not entered as numbers."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Hastelloy B-2 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy made for reducing acids, and it has almost no chromium. It contains a nominal 69 % nickel and 28 % molybdenum (Haynes SDS). The Haynes table gives 15 mpy in boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid and 1.0 mpy in boiling 50 % sulfuric acid. Its specified minimum tensile strength is 110 ksi for sheet and plate. It is used in chemical plants and for bolting in strongly reducing acids, and it is the predecessor of the B-3 alloy, which Haynes says has improved structural stability.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Chemical plants",
        "line": "Rolled Alloys lists acetic acid production, \"Methyl methacrylate production with hot 98% H2SO4\", and the production of herbicides and insecticides among the applications of B-2."
      },
      {
        "where": "Bolting in strongly reducing acids",
        "line": "Tachart lists bolting as a use and says the alloy is commonly used for its high corrosion resistance and high temperature strength in hydrochloric acid."
      },
      {
        "where": "Equipment in hydrochloric acid",
        "line": "Rolled Alloys says B-2 resists hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures, and withstands wet HCl gas, sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Hydrochloric acid",
        "line": "Rolled Alloys says B-2 resists hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "All concentrations and temperatures"
      },
      {
        "label": "Reducing-acid corrosion",
        "line": "The Haynes Alloy at a Glance table gives 15 mpy in boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid and 1.0 mpy in boiling 50 % sulfuric acid.",
        "benchmark": "uniform_corrosion_rate",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "15 mpy in boiling 20 % HCl"
      },
      {
        "label": "Minimum strength",
        "line": "Rolled Alloys gives a minimum specified tensile strength of 110 ksi and a minimum specified yield strength of 51 ksi for sheet and plate.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "110 ksi minimum"
      },
      {
        "label": "Typical strength",
        "line": "Rolled Alloys gives a typical tensile strength of 130 ksi for sheet and plate.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "130 ksi typical"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "In the Haynes table of boiling acids, B-2 corrodes at 15 mpy in boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid, a higher rate than B-3 in the same table. In boiling 50 % sulfuric acid both alloys show low rates, with B-2 at 1.0 mpy. Haynes says B-3 has improved structural stability compared with B-2 and resists stress corrosion cracking better. Compared with oxidising conditions, B-2 has almost no chromium and is not used where oxidising salts are present.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Tensile strength",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield strength",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Treat dust and fume as the hazard; the Haynes SDS says the health hazards do not apply to the solid under normal handling.",
      "Specify the form and temper, because the Rolled Alloys strength values are for sheet and plate and do not state the temper.",
      "Keep the alloy away from oxidising salts, wet chlorine and hypochlorite bleach.",
      "For welding, the Haynes Wire Company SDS for welding products (HW-7031) also applies."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Reducing acids: 1.0 mpy in boiling 50 % sulfuric acid, per the Haynes table.",
      "Hydrochloric acid service at all concentrations and temperatures, per Rolled Alloys.",
      "Acetic acid and methyl methacrylate production equipment, per the Rolled Alloys application list."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "No chromium: not for oxidising media, oxidising salts, wet chlorine or hypochlorite bleach.",
      "Severe loss of ductility when exposed to the \"1000 - 1600°F range\", per Rolled Alloys.",
      "Ni4Mo forms rapidly at around 750°C, per Haynes, which affects ductility and stress corrosion cracking resistance.",
      "Intergranular cracking after annealing plus 1 hour at 700 °C, reported by Haynes as 'Intergranular cracking, 3 hours'."
    ],
    "verdict": "Hastelloy B-2 is the nickel-molybdenum alloy for hot reducing acids, with 15 mpy in boiling 20 % hydrochloric acid in the Haynes table. It is not for oxidising service, and Rolled Alloys warns of loss of ductility in the \"1000 - 1600°F range\".",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Hastelloy B-2 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy. Nickel is the matrix and molybdenum is the main alloying element, and the other elements are kept low. The Haynes SDS gives the nominal composition as 69 % nickel and 28 % molybdenum, and Rolled Alloys gives the specified molybdenum range as 26 to 30 %.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Nickel",
          "symbol": "Ni",
          "role": "Matrix metal of the alloy; it gives the austenitic structure that the molybdenum-rich composition relies on."
        },
        {
          "name": "Molybdenum",
          "symbol": "Mo",
          "role": "Main alloying element. It gives resistance to reducing acids such as hydrochloric and sulfuric acid."
        },
        {
          "name": "Minor elements (chromium, iron, manganese, cobalt, silicon, carbon)",
          "symbol": "Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Si, C",
          "role": "Limit impurities and the second phases that can form in the microstructure. Chromium is kept very low, which is why the alloy is not suited to oxidising media."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The Haynes SDS says the health hazards do not apply to the solid alloy under normal handling, but dust and fume from cutting, grinding or welding can carry hazards.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "The solid",
            "line": "Haynes says the health hazards 'do not apply under normal handling and use of these products in solid form'."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust and fume",
            "line": "The Haynes SDS lists H350 (may cause cancer), H317 and H334 (sensitisation) and H315 for the product group. NIOSH gives the nickel limit as 'Ca TWA 0.015 mg/m3' and says the IDLH is 'Ca [10 mg/m3 (as Ni)]'."
          },
          {
            "label": "Welding",
            "line": "If the alloy is welded or melted, the Haynes Wire Company SDS for welding products (HW-7031) also applies, according to the Haynes SDS."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Solid alloy; dust and fume carry the risk"
      },
      {
        "title": "In service",
        "lead": "These are the failure routes printed in the sources. Each one is a manufacturer statement or a laboratory table, not a field incident.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Oxidising conditions",
            "line": "Rolled Alloys says the alloy 'should NOT be used in oxidizing media or in presence of oxidizing salts', and that it does not withstand wet chlorine gas or hypochlorite bleach."
          },
          {
            "label": "Temperature",
            "line": "Rolled Alloys says B-2 'should not be exposed to temperatures in the 1000 - 1600°F range because of severe loss of ductility'."
          },
          {
            "label": "Ni4Mo",
            "line": "Haynes says B-2 suffers rapid formation of Ni4Mo at around 750°C, a phase that 'affects ductility, and reduces resistance to stress corrosion cracking'."
          },
          {
            "label": "Heat treatment and acid",
            "line": "In Haynes's U-bend test in \"Boiling 60% H2SO4\", B-2 annealed with \"Annealed + 1 hour at 700˚C\" is printed with \"Intergranular cracking, 3 hours\"."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Dust",
            "line": "Cutting and grinding can produce dust with the component elements. Keep dust and fume down with local exhaust, as the usual approach for metal dust, and check the Haynes SDS for the product you handle."
          },
          {
            "label": "Keep it away from oxidisers",
            "line": "Keep the alloy out of oxidising salts, wet chlorine and hypochlorite bleach, which Rolled Alloys says the alloy does not withstand."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-01",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 24,
    "unreachable": 3,
    "caveats": 5,
    "note": "Read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the pages and PDFs named in each entry. Unreachable: Haynes B-2 product page (404), ulprospector datasheet (403), suppliersonline (503), PubChem nickel record (verification page). Caveats: strengths are distributor values for sheet and plate with no temper; corrosion rates are from one Haynes table; the 750 °C Ni4Mo statement comes from a B-3 brochure; the melting point is approximate; supply shares are calculated."
  },
  "sources": {
    "rolled-b2": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 Data Sheet, Rolled Alloys, Bulletin No. 303U (10/11)",
      "id": "Rolled Alloys Bulletin 303U",
      "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/HASTELLOY-B-2_Datasheet-rolled-alloys.pdf",
      "year": 2011,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Distributor datasheet, general information, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "rolled-b2-page": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-2 product page, Rolled Alloys",
      "id": "Rolled Alloys product page, nickel alloys",
      "url": "https://www.rolledalloys.ca/products/nickel/hastelloy-b-2/",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "Distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "tachart-b2": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B2 alloy data page (Tachart)",
      "id": "Tachart product page, ?p=479",
      "url": "https://www.tachart.com/?p=479",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "Supplier web page, illustrative data (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "haynes-sds": {
      "title": "Safety Data Sheet H2071-10, Corrosion-Resistant Alloys and High-Temperature Alloys, Haynes International (copy hosted by General Air)",
      "id": "Haynes International SDS H2071-10",
      "url": "https://amp.generalair.com/MsdsDocs/WWH207110S.pdf",
      "year": 2020,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "haynes-glance": {
      "title": "Alloy at a Glance: HASTELLOY B-3 alloy, Haynes International, H-2101E (with B-2 comparison rows)",
      "id": "Haynes International H-2101E",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/alloy-at-glance-b-3.pdf",
      "year": 2020,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "haynes-b3-brochure": {
      "title": "HASTELLOY B-3 alloy brochure, Haynes International (Principal Features, Thermal Stability section, comparison with B-2)",
      "id": "Haynes International brochure, B-3 alloy",
      "url": "https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pdf-alloy-b-3.pdf",
      "year": 2024,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-nickel": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Nickel",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Molybdenum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-crit2025": {
      "title": "About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (USGS)",
      "id": "USGS final 2025 List of Critical Minerals",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals",
      "year": 2025,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "niosh-npg-ni": {
      "title": "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni)",
      "id": "CDC NIOSH NPG npgd0445",
      "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0445.html",
      "kind": "handbook",
      "license": "public domain (CDC)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/hastelloy-b2/"
}