{ "spore": "profile", "id": "cucrzr", "spore_version": "0.2", "family": "copper-alloys", "name": "Copper-chromium-zirconium (CuCrZr)", "abbreviation": "CuCrZr", "role": "precipitation-hardened copper alloy for welding electrodes, electrical contacts and high-heat-flux liners", "category": "metals", "type": "copper-alloys", "summary": "CuCrZr (UNS C18150, EN CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293) is copper with about 0.5 to 1.5 % chromium and 0.02 to 0.20 % zirconium, age-hardened to keep most of copper's conductivity while gaining strength. The Aurubis leaflet gives at least 46.4 MS/m (80 %IACS) and 323 W/(m·K) in the soft condition, with a yield strength of at least 450 MPa in the R480 temper. It is the standard class 2 electrode alloy for resistance welding, and a 2015 Brazilian study of rocket-engine combustion chamber liners found it stronger than Cu-Ag-Zr at 150, 450 and 700 °C.\n", "best_for": "Parts that must carry current or heat and keep strength under repeated heating, such as welding electrodes and high-heat-flux liners", "weakest_at": "Overheating: the hardened condition is lost near 500 °C, and the alloy is not resistant to ammonia, halide, cyanide, sulphide or seawater exposure", "identity": { "formula": "Copper alloy: copper (balance) with 0.5 to 1.5 wt% chromium and 0.02 to 0.20 wt% zirconium, precipitation hardened", "designations": [ { "system": "UNS", "code": "C18150", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Comparable standards line at the top of the sheet" }, { "system": "EN", "code": "2.1293", "source": "tk-cw106c", "where": "Material designation table, DIN-Material-No. column" }, { "system": "EN name", "code": "CuCr1Zr", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Material designation table, EN row" }, { "system": "EN name", "code": "CW106C", "source": "tk-cw106c", "where": "Material designation table, EN-Material-No. column" }, { "system": "BS", "code": "CC102", "source": "dm-c18150", "where": "Other standard designations list, BS 2874 line" }, { "system": "Trade name", "code": "Elmedur X", "source": "wieland-elmedur", "where": "Title block of the Elmedur X technical datasheet" }, { "system": "Trade name", "code": "A-Trode", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Title and Quality Properties table of the A-Trode leaflet" } ], "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Composition table of the Aurubis PNA 372 CuCrZr datasheet: Cu rem, Cr 0.5-1.5 %, Zr 0.02-0.20 %, the same range as the Wieland K60 and thyssenkrupp sheets (Cr 0.5-1.2 %, Zr 0.03-0.2 %)" }, "tags": { "environments": [], "stresses": [ "thermal-cycling", "high-heat-flux" ], "applications": [ "propulsion-and-tanks", "electronics-and-chips" ] }, "properties": [ { "benchmark": "density", "label": "Density, CuCrZr (wrought, Aurubis)", "value": 8.94, "bound": "exact", "unit": "g/cm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150 (Aurubis PNA 372)", "temperature": "not stated in the table" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Physical properties table, column Density", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "density", "label": "Density, CuCrZr (Wieland K60)", "value": 8.92, "bound": "exact", "unit": "g/cm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr (K60)", "temperature": "room temperature (reference values)" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Physical properties table, row Density", "source_detail": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "density", "label": "Density, Desktop Metal heat-treated part", "value": 8.75, "bound": "exact", "unit": "g/cm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "form": "part from Desktop Metal Production System P-1, heat treated (standard), room temperature tested", "method_in_source": "ASTM B311" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material data sheet, for a processed part rather than wrought product", "status": "ground", "note": "The sheet prints the value as 8.75 with a tolerance of 0.06 g/cc; the relative density is 98.4 %.", "source": "dm-c18150", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Density (ASTM B311)", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet C18150 Chromium Zirconium Copper, Desktop Metal (SPJ-SPC-MDS-C18150-230315), Production System P-1", "id": "BS 2874 CC102; EN 12163 CW106C", "url": "https://www.desktopmetal.com/uploads/SPJ-SPC-MDS_C18150-20230315.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "density", "label": "Density, CuCr1Zr (thyssenkrupp reference data)", "value": 8.91, "bound": "exact", "unit": "kg/dm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CW106C (CuCr1Zr)", "temperature": "20 °C" }, "method": "Reference value printed in a material data sheet for long products", "status": "ground", "source": "tk-cw106c", "where": "Reference data for some physical properties, column Density at 20 °C", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet CW106C (CuCr1Zr), tk accelis Materials GmbH, thyssenkrupp, based on DIN EN 12163 and the Deutsches Kupferinstitut", "id": "CW106C [CuCr1Zr], DIN-Material-No. 2.1293", "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMaterialsSchulte/41b7c3f7-e00e-445e-a721-98f262879ee0/Material-Data-Sheet-CW106C.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "melting_point", "label": "Melting point, CuCrZr (Aurubis)", "value": 1081, "bound": "exact", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150" }, "method": "Single value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Physical properties table, column Melting point", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "melting_point", "label": "Melting range, CuCr1Zr (Wieland K60)", "value": 1070, "value_high": 1080, "bound": "range", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr (K60)" }, "method": "Range printed in the heat treatment table of a manufacturer datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Heat treatment table, row Melting range", "source_detail": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "melting_point", "label": "Solidus to liquidus, C18150 (Fisk Alloy)", "value": 1750, "value_high": 1920, "bound": "range", "unit": "°F", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "C18150", "unit_in_source": "°F" }, "method": "Solidus and liquidus printed on a supplier product page", "status": "ground", "source": "fisk-c18150", "where": "Physical Properties list, rows Melting Point (Solidus) and Melting Point (Liquidus)", "source_detail": { "title": "C18150 Copper Chromium Zirconium, Fisk Alloy Wire Inc. (product data, 2026)", "url": "https://fiskalloy.com/pdf/c18150", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_heat", "label": "Specific heat, CuCrZr (Aurubis)", "value": 0.383, "bound": "exact", "unit": "kJ/(kg·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temperature": "20 °C" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Physical properties table, column cp @20°C", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_heat", "label": "Specific heat, CuCrZr (Luvata)", "value": 376, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J/(kg·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr electrodes (A-Trode)", "temperature": "not stated" }, "method": "Value printed in a supplier leaflet under physical material properties", "status": "ground", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Physical material properties table, row Specific heat", "source_detail": { "title": "A-Trode, the universal cap electrode, CuCrZr, Luvata (leaflet, copyright 2023)", "id": "C18150 CuCrZr, EN ISO 5182 A2/2, DIN 17666 Wn 2.1293, RWMA Class II", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier leaflet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_heat", "label": "Specific heat, CuCr1Zr (Wieland Duro Elmedur X)", "value": 0.367, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J/(g·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr, solution annealed and aged", "temperature": "room temperature (reference values)" }, "method": "Reference value printed in a manufacturer datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-elmedur", "where": "Physical properties table, row Specific heat", "source_detail": { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet (Wieland Duro GmbH, 0719 MC.ED.UL)", "id": "CW106C, CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293 (old), DIN ISO 5182 Class A 2/2, RWMA Class 2, UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_heat", "label": "Specific heat, CW106C (thyssenkrupp reference data)", "value": 386, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J/(kg·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CW106C (CuCr1Zr)", "temperature": "not stated" }, "method": "Reference value printed in a material data sheet for long products", "status": "ground", "source": "tk-cw106c", "where": "Reference data for some physical properties, column Specific heat capacity", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet CW106C (CuCr1Zr), tk accelis Materials GmbH, thyssenkrupp, based on DIN EN 12163 and the Deutsches Kupferinstitut", "id": "CW106C [CuCr1Zr], DIN-Material-No. 2.1293", "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMaterialsSchulte/41b7c3f7-e00e-445e-a721-98f262879ee0/Material-Data-Sheet-CW106C.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elastic_modulus", "label": "Modulus of elasticity, CuCrZr (Aurubis)", "value": 117, "bound": "exact", "unit": "GPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temperature": "not stated in the table" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Physical properties table, column Young's modulus", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elastic_modulus", "label": "Modulus of elasticity, CuCr1Zr (Wieland K60)", "value": 130, "bound": "exact", "unit": "GPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr (K60)", "temperature": "room temperature (reference values)" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Physical properties table, row Moduls of elasticity", "source_detail": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elastic_modulus", "label": "Modulus of elasticity, CuCr1Zr (Wieland Duro Elmedur X)", "value": 108, "bound": "exact", "unit": "kN/mm2", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr, solution annealed and aged", "unit_in_source": "kN/mm²" }, "method": "Reference value printed in a manufacturer datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-elmedur", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Modulus of elasticity", "source_detail": { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet (Wieland Duro GmbH, 0719 MC.ED.UL)", "id": "CW106C, CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293 (old), DIN ISO 5182 Class A 2/2, RWMA Class 2, UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elastic_modulus", "label": "Young's modulus, CW106C (thyssenkrupp reference data)", "value": 110000, "value_high": 130000, "bound": "range", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CW106C (CuCr1Zr)" }, "method": "Range printed in a material data sheet for long products", "status": "ground", "source": "tk-cw106c", "where": "Reference data for some physical properties, column Young's modulus", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet CW106C (CuCr1Zr), tk accelis Materials GmbH, thyssenkrupp, based on DIN EN 12163 and the Deutsches Kupferinstitut", "id": "CW106C [CuCr1Zr], DIN-Material-No. 2.1293", "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMaterialsSchulte/41b7c3f7-e00e-445e-a721-98f262879ee0/Material-Data-Sheet-CW106C.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "shear_modulus", "label": "Modulus of torsion, CuCr1Zr (Wieland Duro Elmedur X)", "value": 45, "bound": "exact", "unit": "kN/mm2", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr, solution annealed and aged", "unit_in_source": "kN/mm²" }, "method": "Reference value printed in a manufacturer datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-elmedur", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Modulus of torsion", "source_detail": { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet (Wieland Duro GmbH, 0719 MC.ED.UL)", "id": "CW106C, CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293 (old), DIN ISO 5182 Class A 2/2, RWMA Class 2, UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "label": "Thermal conductivity, CuCrZr (Aurubis)", "value": 323, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/(m·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temper": "soft condition (the table note says the specified conductivity applies to the soft condition only)" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Physical properties table, column Thermal cond., note below the table", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "label": "Thermal conductivity, CuCrZr (Luvata)", "value": 320, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/(m·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr electrodes (A-Trode)", "temperature": "20 °C", "unit_in_source": "W/m.K" }, "method": "Value printed in a supplier leaflet under physical material properties", "status": "ground", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Quality Properties box, row Thermal conductivity at 20 °C", "source_detail": { "title": "A-Trode, the universal cap electrode, CuCrZr, Luvata (leaflet, copyright 2023)", "id": "C18150 CuCrZr, EN ISO 5182 A2/2, DIN 17666 Wn 2.1293, RWMA Class II", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier leaflet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "label": "Thermal conductivity, CuCr1Zr (Wieland K60)", "value": 320, "bound": "lower", "unit": "W/(m·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr (K60)", "temperature": "room temperature (reference values, printed as greater than 320)" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Physical properties table, row Thermal conductivity", "source_detail": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "label": "Thermal conductivity, CW106C heat-treated (thyssenkrupp reference data)", "value": 310, "value_high": 330, "bound": "range", "unit": "W/(m·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CW106C (CuCr1Zr)", "temper": "heat-treated (solution annealed condition is 170 W/(m·K) per footnote b)" }, "method": "Range printed in a material data sheet for long products", "status": "ground", "source": "tk-cw106c", "where": "Reference data for some physical properties, column Thermal conductivity, footnote b", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet CW106C (CuCr1Zr), tk accelis Materials GmbH, thyssenkrupp, based on DIN EN 12163 and the Deutsches Kupferinstitut", "id": "CW106C [CuCr1Zr], DIN-Material-No. 2.1293", "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMaterialsSchulte/41b7c3f7-e00e-445e-a721-98f262879ee0/Material-Data-Sheet-CW106C.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, CuCrZr (Aurubis)", "value": 17.1, "bound": "exact", "unit": "ppm/K", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temperature": "20-300 °C" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Physical properties table, column α @20-300°C", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, CuCr1Zr (Wieland K60)", "value": 17.6, "bound": "exact", "unit": "ppm/K", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr (K60)", "temperature": "0-300 °C" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Physical properties table, row Thermal expansion coefficient (0-300 °C)", "source_detail": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, CuCr1Zr (Wieland Duro Elmedur X)", "value": 17, "bound": "exact", "unit": "ppm/K", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr, solution annealed and aged", "temperature": "0-320 °C (273-593 K)", "unit_in_source": "10-6/K" }, "method": "Reference value printed in a manufacturer datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-elmedur", "where": "Physical properties table, row Coefficient of thermal expansion", "source_detail": { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet (Wieland Duro GmbH, 0719 MC.ED.UL)", "id": "CW106C, CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293 (old), DIN ISO 5182 Class A 2/2, RWMA Class 2, UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, A-Trode (Luvata)", "value": 17, "bound": "exact", "unit": "ppm/K", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr electrodes (A-Trode)", "temperature": "20-300 °C", "unit_in_source": "10-6 m/mK" }, "method": "Value printed in a supplier leaflet under physical material properties", "status": "ground", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Physical material properties table, row Expansion coefficient (20-300 °C)", "source_detail": { "title": "A-Trode, the universal cap electrode, CuCrZr, Luvata (leaflet, copyright 2023)", "id": "C18150 CuCrZr, EN ISO 5182 A2/2, DIN 17666 Wn 2.1293, RWMA Class II", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier leaflet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, CuCrZr minimum (Aurubis)", "value": 46.4, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MS/m", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "equivalent": "at least 80 %IACS", "temper": "soft condition only (table note)" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Physical properties table, column Electrical cond., MS/m", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, CuCr1Zr minimum (Wieland K60)", "value": 43, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MS/m", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr (K60)", "equivalent": "at least 74 %IACS", "temperature": "room temperature (reference values)" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Physical properties table, row Electrical conductivity, MS/m", "source_detail": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, CuCr1Zr range (Wieland Duro Elmedur X)", "value": 43, "value_high": 50, "bound": "range", "unit": "MS/m", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr, solution annealed and aged", "temperature": "20 °C (293 K)", "equivalent": "minimum 75 %IACS" }, "method": "Range printed in a manufacturer datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-elmedur", "where": "Physical properties table, row Electrical conductivity, MS/m and % IACS", "source_detail": { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet (Wieland Duro GmbH, 0719 MC.ED.UL)", "id": "CW106C, CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293 (old), DIN ISO 5182 Class A 2/2, RWMA Class 2, UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, CW106C heat-treated maximum (thyssenkrupp reference data)", "value": 43, "bound": "upper", "unit": "MS/m", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CW106C (CuCr1Zr)", "temper": "heat-treated (footnote a gives 20 MS/m for the solution annealed condition)" }, "method": "Maximum value printed in a material data sheet for long products", "status": "ground", "source": "tk-cw106c", "where": "Reference data for some physical properties, column Electrical conductivity, footnote a", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet CW106C (CuCr1Zr), tk accelis Materials GmbH, thyssenkrupp, based on DIN EN 12163 and the Deutsches Kupferinstitut", "id": "CW106C [CuCr1Zr], DIN-Material-No. 2.1293", "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMaterialsSchulte/41b7c3f7-e00e-445e-a721-98f262879ee0/Material-Data-Sheet-CW106C.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity minimum, A-Trode electrodes (Luvata)", "value": 80, "bound": "lower", "unit": "%IACS", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr electrodes (A-Trode)" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a supplier leaflet under physical properties", "status": "ground", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Physical properties, row Conductivity, Minimum 80% IACS", "source_detail": { "title": "A-Trode, the universal cap electrode, CuCrZr, Luvata (leaflet, copyright 2023)", "id": "C18150 CuCrZr, EN ISO 5182 A2/2, DIN 17666 Wn 2.1293, RWMA Class II", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier leaflet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, C18150 annealed (Fisk Alloy)", "value": 80, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%IACS", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "C18150", "temper": "annealed", "temperature": "68 °F" }, "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page", "status": "ground", "source": "fisk-c18150", "where": "Physical Properties list, row Electrical Conductivity (Annealed)", "source_detail": { "title": "C18150 Copper Chromium Zirconium, Fisk Alloy Wire Inc. (product data, 2026)", "url": "https://fiskalloy.com/pdf/c18150", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, heat-treated part (Desktop Metal)", "value": 87, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%IACS", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "form": "part from Desktop Metal Production System P-1, heat treated (standard)", "method_in_source": "ASTM E1004" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material data sheet, for a processed part rather than wrought product", "status": "ground", "note": "The sheet prints 87 with a tolerance of 2 %IACS.", "source": "dm-c18150", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Electrical Conductivity (ASTM E1004)", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet C18150 Chromium Zirconium Copper, Desktop Metal (SPJ-SPC-MDS-C18150-230315), Production System P-1", "id": "BS 2874 CC102; EN 12163 CW106C", "url": "https://www.desktopmetal.com/uploads/SPJ-SPC-MDS_C18150-20230315.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength R480 (Aurubis)", "value": 480, "value_high": 560, "bound": "range", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temper": "R480" }, "method": "Range printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row R480, column Tensile Strength", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength R540 (Aurubis)", "value": 540, "value_high": 660, "bound": "range", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temper": "R540" }, "method": "Range printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row R540, column Tensile Strength", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength, solution annealed and aged, diameter 21-50 mm (Wieland Duro Elmedur X)", "value": 440, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr, solution annealed and aged", "cross_section": "diameter 21-50 mm", "unit_in_source": "N/mm²" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer datasheet (reference values)", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-elmedur", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Tensile strength, column Ø 21-50 mm", "source_detail": { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet (Wieland Duro GmbH, 0719 MC.ED.UL)", "id": "CW106C, CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293 (old), DIN ISO 5182 Class A 2/2, RWMA Class 2, UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength, rods diameter over 30 to 50 mm, temper R430 (Wieland K60)", "value": 430, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr (K60)", "temper": "R430", "form": "round and polygonal rod, EN 12163" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer datasheet (table of EN 12163 mechanical values)", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Round rods table (EN 12163), row R430, diameter over 30 to 50 mm, column Tensile strength Rm min.", "source_detail": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength, rods diameter 30-50 mm, temper R430 (thyssenkrupp)", "value": 430, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CW106C (CuCr1Zr)", "temper": "R430", "form": "rod, bar, EN 12163" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a material data sheet", "status": "ground", "source": "tk-cw106c", "where": "Mechanical properties table (rod, bar, EN 12163), row R430, column Rm", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet CW106C (CuCr1Zr), tk accelis Materials GmbH, thyssenkrupp, based on DIN EN 12163 and the Deutsches Kupferinstitut", "id": "CW106C [CuCr1Zr], DIN-Material-No. 2.1293", "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMaterialsSchulte/41b7c3f7-e00e-445e-a721-98f262879ee0/Material-Data-Sheet-CW106C.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength, wire pretempered AT TF00 (Fisk Alloy)", "value": 65, "value_high": 80, "bound": "range", "unit": "ksi", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "C18150", "temper": "AT TF00", "form": "round wire, pretempered", "unit_in_source": "ksi" }, "method": "Range printed on a supplier product page", "status": "ground", "source": "fisk-c18150", "where": "Round Wire, Pretempered table, row AT TF00, columns Min and Max", "source_detail": { "title": "C18150 Copper Chromium Zirconium, Fisk Alloy Wire Inc. (product data, 2026)", "url": "https://fiskalloy.com/pdf/c18150", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength, electrodes (Luvata A-Trode)", "value": 490, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr electrodes (A-Trode)", "form": "electrodes, conventional CuCrZr grain structure", "unit_in_source": "N/mm2" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a supplier leaflet", "status": "ground", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Electrodes, column Tensile strength", "source_detail": { "title": "A-Trode, the universal cap electrode, CuCrZr, Luvata (leaflet, copyright 2023)", "id": "C18150 CuCrZr, EN ISO 5182 A2/2, DIN 17666 Wn 2.1293, RWMA Class II", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier leaflet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength, heat-treated part (Desktop Metal)", "value": 345, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "form": "part from Desktop Metal Production System P-1, heat treated (standard), room temperature", "method_in_source": "ASTM E8" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material data sheet, for a processed part rather than wrought product", "status": "ground", "note": "The sheet prints 345 with a tolerance of 8 MPa.", "source": "dm-c18150", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Ultimate Tensile Stress (ASTM E8)", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet C18150 Chromium Zirconium Copper, Desktop Metal (SPJ-SPC-MDS-C18150-230315), Production System P-1", "id": "BS 2874 CC102; EN 12163 CW106C", "url": "https://www.desktopmetal.com/uploads/SPJ-SPC-MDS_C18150-20230315.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength R480 (Aurubis)", "value": 450, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temper": "R480" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row R480, column Yield Strength", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength R540 (Aurubis)", "value": 500, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temper": "R540" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row R540, column Yield Strength", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength, solution annealed and aged, diameter 21-50 mm (Wieland Duro Elmedur X)", "value": 350, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr, solution annealed and aged", "cross_section": "diameter 21-50 mm", "unit_in_source": "N/mm²" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer datasheet (reference values)", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-elmedur", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Yield strength, column Ø 21-50 mm", "source_detail": { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet (Wieland Duro GmbH, 0719 MC.ED.UL)", "id": "CW106C, CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293 (old), DIN ISO 5182 Class A 2/2, RWMA Class 2, UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength, rods diameter over 30 to 50 mm, temper R430 (Wieland K60)", "value": 350, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr (K60)", "temper": "R430", "form": "round and polygonal rod, EN 12163" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer datasheet (table of EN 12163 mechanical values)", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Round rods table (EN 12163), row R430, diameter over 30 to 50 mm, column Yield strength Rp0,2 min.", "source_detail": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength, electrodes (Luvata A-Trode)", "value": 430, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr electrodes (A-Trode)", "form": "electrodes", "measure": "0.2% offset", "unit_in_source": "N/mm2" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a supplier leaflet", "status": "ground", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Electrodes, column 0.2% offset yield strength", "source_detail": { "title": "A-Trode, the universal cap electrode, CuCrZr, Luvata (leaflet, copyright 2023)", "id": "C18150 CuCrZr, EN ISO 5182 A2/2, DIN 17666 Wn 2.1293, RWMA Class II", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier leaflet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength, heat-treated part (Desktop Metal)", "value": 233, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "form": "part from Desktop Metal Production System P-1, heat treated (standard), room temperature", "method_in_source": "ASTM E8" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material data sheet, for a processed part rather than wrought product", "status": "ground", "note": "The sheet prints 233 with a tolerance of 7 MPa.", "source": "dm-c18150", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Yield Strength (ASTM E8)", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet C18150 Chromium Zirconium Copper, Desktop Metal (SPJ-SPC-MDS-C18150-230315), Production System P-1", "id": "BS 2874 CC102; EN 12163 CW106C", "url": "https://www.desktopmetal.com/uploads/SPJ-SPC-MDS_C18150-20230315.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "label": "Elongation R480 (Aurubis)", "value": 10, "bound": "lower", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temper": "R480", "gauge": "A50" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row R480, column Elongation A50", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "label": "Elongation R540 (Aurubis)", "value": 4, "bound": "lower", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150", "temper": "R540", "gauge": "A50" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer material datasheet", "status": "ground", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row R540, column Elongation A50", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "label": "Elongation, rods diameter over 30 to 50 mm, temper R430 (Wieland K60)", "value": 10, "bound": "lower", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr (K60)", "temper": "R430", "gauge": "A" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer datasheet (table of EN 12163 mechanical values)", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Round rods table (EN 12163), row R430, diameter over 30 to 50 mm, column A min.", "source_detail": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "label": "Elongation, solution annealed and aged, diameter 21-50 mm (Wieland Duro Elmedur X)", "value": 10, "bound": "lower", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCr1Zr, solution annealed and aged", "cross_section": "diameter 21-50 mm", "gauge": "L = 5 D" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a manufacturer datasheet (reference values)", "status": "ground", "source": "wieland-elmedur", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Elongation L = 5 D, column Ø 21-50 mm", "source_detail": { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet (Wieland Duro GmbH, 0719 MC.ED.UL)", "id": "CW106C, CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293 (old), DIN ISO 5182 Class A 2/2, RWMA Class 2, UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "label": "Elongation, electrodes (Luvata A-Trode)", "value": 15, "bound": "lower", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr electrodes (A-Trode)", "form": "electrodes" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a supplier leaflet", "status": "ground", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Electrodes, column Elongation", "source_detail": { "title": "A-Trode, the universal cap electrode, CuCrZr, Luvata (leaflet, copyright 2023)", "id": "C18150 CuCrZr, EN ISO 5182 A2/2, DIN 17666 Wn 2.1293, RWMA Class II", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier leaflet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "label": "Elongation, heat-treated part (Desktop Metal)", "value": 28, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "form": "part from Desktop Metal Production System P-1, heat treated (standard), room temperature", "method_in_source": "ASTM E8" }, "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer material data sheet, for a processed part rather than wrought product", "status": "ground", "note": "The sheet prints 28 with a tolerance of 4 %.", "source": "dm-c18150", "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Elongation (ASTM E8)", "source_detail": { "title": "Material Data Sheet C18150 Chromium Zirconium Copper, Desktop Metal (SPJ-SPC-MDS-C18150-230315), Production System P-1", "id": "BS 2874 CC102; EN 12163 CW106C", "url": "https://www.desktopmetal.com/uploads/SPJ-SPC-MDS_C18150-20230315.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" } }, { "benchmark": "softening_temperature", "label": "Softening temperature, CuCrZr minimum (Luvata A-Trode)", "value": 500, "bound": "lower", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "CuCrZr electrodes (A-Trode)" }, "method": "Minimum value printed in a supplier leaflet (custom property name, not in the canonical list)", "status": "ground", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Quality Properties box, row Softening temperature", "source_detail": { "title": "A-Trode, the universal cap electrode, CuCrZr, Luvata (leaflet, copyright 2023)", "id": "C18150 CuCrZr, EN ISO 5182 A2/2, DIN 17666 Wn 2.1293, RWMA Class II", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier leaflet (cited, not reproduced)" } } ], "corrosion": [ { "environment": "Natural and industrial atmospheres, maritime air, drinking and service water, non-oxidising acids, alkaline solutions and neutral saline solutions", "headline": "CuCrZr is resistant to these, per the Aurubis sheet.", "effect": "Aurubis lists these as environments the alloy resists. The sheet prints no corrosion rate, so no rate is recorded.", "rating": "low", "conditions": { "basis": "manufacturer statement, no rate printed" }, "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Corrosion resistance paragraph, resistant list" }, { "environment": "Ammonia, halide, cyanide and hydrogen sulphide solutions and atmospheres, oxidising acids, and sea water especially at high flow rates", "headline": "CuCrZr is not resistant to these, per the Aurubis sheet.", "effect": "Aurubis lists these as environments the alloy does not resist. No rate or test is printed; the rating is a qualitative label for 'not resistant'.", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "basis": "manufacturer statement, no rate printed" }, "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Corrosion resistance paragraph, not resistant list" }, { "environment": "High-copper alloys in general (Wieland K60 statement, not a CuCrZr test)", "headline": "Good corrosion resistance, practically insensitive to stress corrosion cracking.", "effect": "Wieland says pure copper and high-copper alloys generally show good corrosion resistance because of their inert character and are practically insensitive to stress corrosion cracking. This is a statement for the alloy group, not a measured CuCrZr result.", "rating": "low", "conditions": { "basis": "group statement by the manufacturer" }, "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Corrosion resistance box, first paragraph" } ], "risks": { "hazards": [ { "text": "Powder SDS for a family of copper base alloy powders (Stanford Advanced Materials, sheet dated 10 January 2018; the sheet lists GRCop-84, Narloy-Z and Cu-Cr and Cu-Zr powders). It is not an SDS for wrought C18150 strip or electrodes. It classifies the powder as harmful if swallowed and very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects, and warns that welding, burning, grinding or polishing can release hexavalent chromium, which may cause lung, nasal and sinus cancer, and metal fume fever.", "ghs": [], "source": "sds-cu-powder", "where": "Section 2 Hazards identification, and Other Information (heat-generating processes)" }, { "text": "The same powder SDS warns that very fine, high-surface-area particles may ignite spontaneously at room temperature and that fine dust can form combustible dust-air mixtures. This applies to powder and to fine grinding or polishing dust, not to bulk alloy.", "ghs": [], "source": "sds-cu-powder", "where": "Section 5 Specific hazards, and Section 7 Advice on safe handling" } ], "failure_risks": [ { "mode": "Loss of age-hardened strength on overheating", "trigger": "Heating near 500 °C or above, soft annealing at 600-800 °C, or the heat of welding in the joint zone", "consequence": "Luvata gives a softening temperature of at least 500 °C. Wieland gives a soft annealing range of 600-800 °C for 1-3 h, and notes that high temperatures alter the age hardened condition in welded joints. The strength values for the hardened tempers no longer apply.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "luvata-atrode", "where": "Quality Properties box, row Softening temperature; see also wieland-k60 Heat treatment table and footnote" }, { "mode": "Thermal ratcheting and creep in a regeneratively cooled liner", "trigger": "Repeated heating and cooling of a combustion chamber liner with cooling channels on its back side", "consequence": "NASA describes liners as undergoing creep and thermal ratcheting, which bows the cooling channel into the chamber and leads to eventual failure. This is a general description of liner alloys in a Cu-Cr-Nb-Zr report, not a test on CuCrZr, and no CuCrZr life data were found.", "severity": "high", "source": "ntrs-2013-cu-cr-nb-zr", "where": "Introduction, paragraph on liner life" }, { "mode": "Attack by ammonia, halide, cyanide and sulphide environments", "trigger": "Exposure to ammonia, halide, cyanide or hydrogen sulphide solutions or atmospheres, oxidising acids, or seawater, especially at high flow rates", "consequence": "Aurubis states that CuCrZr is not resistant to these. The sheet gives no rate, so the severity is a qualitative label.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Corrosion resistance paragraph, not resistant list" } ], "side_effects": [ { "text": "At 8.94 g/cm3 the alloy is dense, so a part made from it adds mass compared with a lightweight structure.", "affects": "Mass of a liner, electrode or harness", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Physical properties table, column Density" } ], "handling": [ { "text": "Specify the temper. Aurubis gives R480 (480-560 MPa tensile) and R540 (540-660 MPa), and states that the specified conductivity applies to the soft condition only. Electrical conductivity falls with cold deformation and small grain size, per the same sheet.", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Mechanical properties table; note under the physical properties table; Electrical conductivity paragraph" }, { "text": "Anneal and age on the supplier's schedule. Wieland gives soft annealing at 600-800 °C for 1-3 h and hot working at 850-1020 °C. Fisk gives an annealing range of 1800-1850 °F.", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Heat treatment table, rows Hot working and Soft annealing" }, { "text": "Fisk gives an annealing range of 1800-1850 °F for C18150 and a solidus of 1750 °F.", "source": "fisk-c18150", "where": "Chemical Composition and Physical Properties lists, rows Annealing Range (Min) and (Max)" }, { "text": "Aurubis rates gas shielded arc welding as excellent and resistance welding as fair, and rates machinability as fair. Wieland rates resistance welding as fair and states that high temperatures alter the age hardened condition.", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Fabrication properties table" } ], "mitigations": [ { "text": "Choose the temper from the datasheet range and keep joints away from overheating, since the hardened strength is lost once the alloy is annealed.", "source": "wieland-k60", "where": "Heat treatment table; footnote on age hardened condition" } ] }, "uses": [ { "application": "propulsion-and-tanks", "device": "Main combustion chamber and nozzle liners of rocket engines (high-heat-flux parts)", "example": "A 2015 ABM Congress paper names the main combustion chamber and liners of rocket engines as high-heat-flux applications. It compares Cu-Cr-Zr with Cu-Ag-Zr and finds Cu-Cr-Zr has higher tensile and yield strength at 150, 450 and 700 °C, while Cu-Ag-Zr conducts heat better.", "source": "abm-2015", "where": "Abstract, English and Spanish versions" }, { "application": "electronics-and-chips", "device": "Electrical connectors and contacts, and resistance-welding electrodes", "example": "Aurubis lists demanding components of electrical engineering and connectors as typical uses. Wieland Duro lists parts in electrical equipment under high stress where high conductivity is required, and electrodes for spot, seam and projection welding.", "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Typical uses line; see also wieland-elmedur Applications list" } ], "supply": [ { "subject": "Copper (mine production, 2025 estimate)", "abundance": "Copper is in the USGS critical minerals list, and recycling provided about 30 % of U.S. supply in 2025", "producers": [ { "country": "Chile", "share_percent": 23, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Congo (Kinshasa)", "share_percent": 13.9, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Peru", "share_percent": 11.7, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "China", "share_percent": 7.8, "year": 2025 } ], "critical_lists": [ { "list": "U.S. Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals (copper added, USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026)", "listed": true } ], "recycling": "USGS: old scrap provided an estimated 160,000 tons of copper in 2025, and copper recovered from scrap contributed about 30 % of U.S. copper supply.", "substitutes": [ "USGS: aluminum substitutes for copper in electrical equipment and power cable." ], "source": "usgs-mcs2026-copper", "where": "World Mine and Refinery Production and Reserves table, column Mine production 2025e, world total 23,000 thousand t; shares calculated by Space Mushroom from Chile 5,300, Congo (Kinshasa) 3,200, Peru 2,700 and China 1,800; Recycling paragraph" }, { "subject": "Copper (refinery production, 2025 estimate)", "producers": [ { "country": "China", "share_percent": 48.3, "year": 2025 } ], "critical_lists": [], "substitutes": [], "source": "usgs-mcs2026-copper", "where": "World Mine and Refinery Production and Reserves table, column Refinery production 2025e, China 14,000 of world total 29,000 thousand t; share calculated by Space Mushroom" }, { "subject": "Chromium (mine production, 2025 estimate)", "abundance": "World chromium resources are greater than 12 billion tons of shipping-grade chromite, heavily concentrated in Kazakhstan and southern Africa (USGS)", "producers": [ { "country": "South Africa", "share_percent": 45.1, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Turkey", "share_percent": 17.6, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Kazakhstan", "share_percent": 13.7, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "India", "share_percent": 5.9, "year": 2025 } ], "critical_lists": [], "substitutes": [], "source": "usgs-mcs2026-chromium", "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, column 2025e, world total 51,000 thousand t (chromium content); shares calculated by Space Mushroom from South Africa 23,000, Turkey 9,000, Kazakhstan 7,000 and India 3,000" } ], "media": [], "documents": [ { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026 }, { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy datasheet (05.22)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf" }, { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet, Wieland Duro (0719)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf" }, { "title": "Material Data Sheet CW106C (CuCr1Zr), tk accelis Materials, thyssenkrupp", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMaterialsSchulte/41b7c3f7-e00e-445e-a721-98f262879ee0/Material-Data-Sheet-CW106C.pdf" }, { "title": "C18150 Copper Chromium Zirconium, Fisk Alloy Wire product data", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://fiskalloy.com/pdf/c18150" }, { "title": "A-Trode CuCrZr resistance welding electrodes, Luvata (leaflet, 2023)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023 }, { "title": "Material Data Sheet C18150 Chromium Zirconium Copper, Desktop Metal (SPJ-SPC-MDS-C18150-230315)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.desktopmetal.com/uploads/SPJ-SPC-MDS_C18150-20230315.pdf", "year": 2023 }, { "title": "Safety Data Sheet, Copper Base Alloy Powder, Stanford Advanced Materials (10 January 2018)", "type": "sds", "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/tds/1689815749-copper-alloy-powder.pdf", "year": 2018 }, { "title": "Increased mechanical properties through the addition of Zr to GRCop-84, Ellis and Lerch, NASA Glenn (NTRS 20120000738)", "type": "paper", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20120000738/downloads/20120000738.pdf", "year": 2012 }, { "title": "Cu-Cr-Nb-Zr Alloy for Rocket Engines and Other High-Heat-Flux Applications, NASA Glenn (NTRS 20130014444)", "type": "paper", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20130014444/downloads/20130014444.pdf", "year": 2013 }, { "title": "Analise comparativo de propriedades mecanicas e termicas de duas ligas base cobre (Diaz et al.), 70th ABM Annual Congress", "type": "paper", "url": "https://abmproceedings.com.br/en/article/analisis-comparativo-de-propiedades-mecanicas-y-termicas-de-dos-aleaciones-base-cobre-para-aplicaciones-a-elevadas-temperaturas", "year": 2015 }, { "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Copper", "type": "report", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf", "year": 2026 }, { "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium", "type": "report", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf", "year": 2026 } ], "gaps": [ "No KME or CDA datasheet for C18150 was found in this run. The Wieland K60 EN 12163 table, the Wieland Duro Elmedur X sheet and the thyssenkrupp CW106C sheet were used for the mechanical values instead.", "Strength at 150, 450 and 700 °C from the ABM 2015 paper was not recorded. The paper's abstract gives the test temperatures but no numbers, and the full text PDF (DOI 10.5151/1516-392X-26891) could not be downloaded.", "No NASA or ESA test data for CuCrZr in rocket engines were found. The two NASA reports that were read name GRCop-84 and NARloy-Z and mention Cu-Cr-Zr only in comparison, without numbers.", "Atomic oxygen, outgassing, total mass loss and cold welding in vacuum were not looked up in an opened source for CuCrZr.", "Radiation effects on CuCrZr were not looked up.", "Wikipedia's chromium copper page could not be opened (HTTP 404), so no encyclopedia source is cited for the composition or history.", "No SDS for the wrought C18150 product was found. The only SDS read covers a multi-alloy copper powder, so no hazard codes (H-statements) are recorded for the wrought alloy.", "Zirconium supply (producers and shares) was not read: the USGS zirconium PDF was not available at the URL tried. Chromium's place on the U.S. critical minerals list was not verified in the USGS chromium text, so it is not claimed.", "The electrical conductivity of wrought C18150 differs by source: 46.4 MS/m minimum (Aurubis), 43 MS/m minimum (Wieland K60), 43 to 50 MS/m (Elmedur X), 80 %IACS (Fisk and Luvata), 43 MS/m maximum (thyssenkrupp, heat-treated) and 87 %IACS for a Desktop Metal part. Each is recorded with its own condition. None is checked against a mill certificate.", "The thyssenkrupp R470 row for profiles and rectangular bars prints a proof strength (540) above its tensile minimum (470). That row was not recorded.", "Hardness values (HV on Aurubis, HB on Elmedur X and thyssenkrupp, HRB on Luvata and Desktop Metal) were not recorded, because the property canon has no hardness name that fits all of them.", "Softening temperature is a custom property name (softening_temperature), since the canon has no name for it. Only the Luvata minimum of 500 °C was found.", "The RWMA Class 2 and ISO 5182 A2/2 entries are classifications, not grade codes, so they are not listed as designations. They are printed in the Elmedur X and Luvata sources.", "Fracture toughness, fatigue, creep rupture and low-cycle fatigue data for CuCrZr were not looked up." ], "story": { "why": "CuCrZr, UNS C18150, is copper with small additions of chromium and zirconium that age-harden it. It keeps most of copper's conductivity. The Aurubis leaflet gives at least 46.4 MS/m (80 %IACS) and 323 W/(m·K) at 20 °C in the soft condition, and a yield strength of at least 450 MPa in the R480 temper. That is why it is used for resistance-welding electrodes and cap tips, and for connectors. A 2015 Brazilian paper names rocket-engine combustion chamber liners as a high-heat-flux application and compares Cu-Cr-Zr with Cu-Ag-Zr for it.", "uses": [ { "where": "Rocket combustion chamber liners", "line": "The 2015 ABM paper names the main combustion chamber and liners of rocket engines as high-heat-flux parts, and compares Cu-Cr-Zr with Cu-Ag-Zr for them." }, { "where": "Electrodes and connectors", "line": "Aurubis lists connectors and demanding electrical components as typical uses. Wieland Duro lists spot, seam and projection welding electrodes." } ], "can_do": [ { "label": "Carry current", "line": "Aurubis gives a minimum of 46.4 MS/m, which is at least 80 %IACS, in the soft condition only.", "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "scope": "material", "value": "46.4 MS/m minimum" }, { "label": "Carry heat", "line": "Thermal conductivity is 323 W/(m·K) in the Aurubis leaflet and 320 in the Luvata leaflet, both at about room temperature.", "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "scope": "material", "value": "323 W/(m·K)" }, { "label": "Hold strength", "line": "The R480 temper has 480 to 560 MPa tensile strength and at least 450 MPa yield. The R540 temper has 540 to 660 MPa.", "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "scope": "material", "value": "480 MPa and up" }, { "label": "Stay hard when hot", "line": "Luvata gives a minimum softening temperature of 500 °C for its electrodes, which is why the alloy suits welding electrodes.", "benchmark": "softening_temperature", "scope": "material", "value": "500 °C softening" }, { "label": "Weight", "line": "The density is 8.94 g/cm3 in the Aurubis leaflet, heavier than a lightweight structure metal.", "benchmark": "density", "scope": "material", "value": "8.94 g/cm3" } ], "compare": "Against the Cu-Ag-Zr alloy that the 2015 ABM paper studies, CuCrZr is stronger at 150, 450 and 700 °C, while Cu-Ag-Zr conducts heat better. Against GRCop-84, NASA reports that GRCop-84 is weaker at lower temperatures than precipitation-strengthened alloys such as Cu-Cr-Zr when those are fully aged, which is why zirconium was added to GRCop-84. Read the rows below as one manufacturer's figures, since each source reads its own temper and product form.", "compare_rows": [ { "label": "Density", "benchmark": "density", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Thermal conductivity", "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Yield strength", "benchmark": "yield_strength", "scope": "material" } ], "handling": [ "Specify the temper. Conductivity applies to the soft condition only, and strength rises with the temper.", "Keep the alloy below its softening temperature. Luvata gives at least 500 °C, and soft annealing is at 600-800 °C.", "Do not expect the hardened strength after welding in the heat-affected zone, per Wieland." ], "good_for": [ "Carrying current and heat at once: at least 46.4 MS/m and 323 W/(m·K) in the soft condition.", "Electrodes and cap tips that must keep hardness at high temperature (softening at least 500 °C).", "Rocket liner duty in the 2015 ABM study, where Cu-Cr-Zr had higher tensile and yield strength than Cu-Ag-Zr." ], "watch_out": [ "Overheating removes the age-hardened condition, so the strength values apply only to the stated temper.", "The alloy is not resistant to ammonia, halide, cyanide, sulphide or seawater exposure.", "Sources disagree on conductivity (43 to 80 %IACS depending on temper and product form). Use a mill certificate for design.", "No atomic oxygen, outgassing or radiation data for CuCrZr were found in this run." ], "verdict": "CuCrZr is a strong, conductive copper alloy for electrodes, connectors and high-heat-flux liners. It trades some conductivity for strength, and it loses that strength if overheated. No space-environment test data for it were found in this run.", "recipe": { "line": "CuCrZr is copper with chromium and zirconium additions that precipitation harden it. The Luvata leaflet says it is made by a billet casting process, and Wieland Duro gives its condition as solution annealed and aged to reach the strength values.", "parts": [ { "name": "Copper", "symbol": "Cu", "role": "The matrix. Copper carries the electrical and heat conduction.", "share_note": "balance" }, { "name": "Chromium", "symbol": "Cr", "role": "Precipitation-hardening addition, per the Wieland and Aurubis descriptions of age hardening.", "share_percent": 0.5, "share_high": 1.5, "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Composition table, Cr column" }, { "name": "Zirconium", "symbol": "Zr", "role": "Second hardening addition. Aurubis credits the chromium and zirconium pair with softening resistance.", "share_percent": 0.02, "share_high": 0.2, "source": "aurubis-cucrzr", "where": "Composition table, Zr column" } ] }, "risk_groups": [ { "title": "For people", "lead": "The wrought alloy has no SDS in this run. The one SDS read covers a copper powder family, and it flags chromium fume and fine dust during heat or grinding.", "points": [ { "label": "Welding and grinding", "line": "Welding, burning, grinding or polishing can release hexavalent chromium and metal fume. Use fume extraction and dust control." }, { "label": "Powder form", "line": "Fine powder can ignite spontaneously and form combustible dust-air mixtures. Keep it away from ignition sources." } ], "level": 1, "verdict": "Fume and dust" }, { "title": "If it fails", "lead": "The failure routes in the sources are overheating, cyclic heating in a liner, and attack by some chemicals.", "points": [ { "label": "Overheating", "line": "The softening temperature is at least 500 °C. Above that the age-hardened strength is lost, and soft annealing is at 600-800 °C." }, { "label": "Cyclic heating", "line": "NASA describes liners as failing by creep and thermal ratcheting, which bows the cooling channel into the chamber. No CuCrZr life data were found." }, { "label": "Chemicals", "line": "The alloy is not resistant to ammonia, halide, cyanide, sulphide or seawater exposure, especially at high flow." } ] } ] }, "updated": "2026-10-26", "review": { "status": "draft", "method": "assistant", "checked_values": 52, "unreachable": 0, "caveats": 6, "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the datasheets and PDFs named in each entry (text extracted from PDF). Unreachable: the ABM 2015 full text and the Wikipedia chromium copper page. Caveats: the sources disagree on electrical conductivity, modulus and thermal conductivity for wrought C18150; the Desktop Metal values are for a processed part; the Fisk and Desktop Metal pages carry no date for the values; the softening temperature is a custom property name; the corrosion ratings are qualitative labels for 'not resistant' text." }, "sources": { "aurubis-cucrzr": { "title": "Material Datasheet CuCrZr, Aurubis PNA 372 (EN_2026_01), comparable standard UNS C18150", "id": "Aurubis PNA 372; UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/dam/jcr:d6d50d64-69d6-4742-821d-8fb8b48c9044/PNA%20372_CuCrZr_C18150-C18160-C18400-EN.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer leaflet, general information only, no warranty (cited, not reproduced)" }, "wieland-k60": { "title": "Wieland-K60, CuCr1Zr High copper alloy (Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm, 05.22)", "id": "EN CuCr1Zr, CW106C, UNS C18150; EN 12163, 12165, 12166, 12167", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/es/content/download/9798/file/K60_EX_EN.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" }, "wieland-elmedur": { "title": "Elmedur X technical datasheet (Wieland Duro GmbH, 0719 MC.ED.UL)", "id": "CW106C, CuCr1Zr, material number 2.1293 (old), DIN ISO 5182 Class A 2/2, RWMA Class 2, UNS C18150", "url": "https://www.wieland.com/cn/media/files/data-sheets/elmedur-x_ex_en.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)" }, "tk-cw106c": { "title": "Material Data Sheet CW106C (CuCr1Zr), tk accelis Materials GmbH, thyssenkrupp, based on DIN EN 12163 and the Deutsches Kupferinstitut", "id": "CW106C [CuCr1Zr], DIN-Material-No. 2.1293", "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMaterialsSchulte/41b7c3f7-e00e-445e-a721-98f262879ee0/Material-Data-Sheet-CW106C.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" }, "fisk-c18150": { "title": "C18150 Copper Chromium Zirconium, Fisk Alloy Wire Inc. (product data, 2026)", "url": "https://fiskalloy.com/pdf/c18150", "year": 2026, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)" }, "luvata-atrode": { "title": "A-Trode, the universal cap electrode, CuCrZr, Luvata (leaflet, copyright 2023)", "id": "C18150 CuCrZr, EN ISO 5182 A2/2, DIN 17666 Wn 2.1293, RWMA Class II", "url": "https://luvata.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/a-trode_a4_english.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Supplier leaflet (cited, not reproduced)" }, "dm-c18150": { "title": "Material Data Sheet C18150 Chromium Zirconium Copper, Desktop Metal (SPJ-SPC-MDS-C18150-230315), Production System P-1", "id": "BS 2874 CC102; EN 12163 CW106C", "url": "https://www.desktopmetal.com/uploads/SPJ-SPC-MDS_C18150-20230315.pdf", "year": 2023, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer material data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" }, "ntrs-2012-ellis": { "title": "Increased Mechanical Properties Through the Addition of Zr to GRCop-84, Ellis and Lerch, NASA Glenn Research Center", "id": "NTRS 20120000738", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20120000738/downloads/20120000738.pdf", "year": 2012, "kind": "paper", "license": "NASA public document (cited, not reproduced)" }, "ntrs-2013-cu-cr-nb-zr": { "title": "Cu-Cr-Nb-Zr Alloy for Rocket Engines and Other High-Heat-Flux Applications, NASA Glenn Research Center", "id": "NTRS 20130014444", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20130014444/downloads/20130014444.pdf", "year": 2013, "kind": "paper", "license": "NASA public document (cited, not reproduced)" }, "abm-2015": { "title": "Analise comparativo de propriedades mecanicas e termicas de duas ligas base cobre para aplicacoes a elevadas temperaturas (Diaz, Bruno, Gonzalez, Navarria, Segura), 70th ABM Annual Congress, Rio de Janeiro", "id": "DOI 10.5151/1516-392X-26891", "url": "https://abmproceedings.com.br/en/article/analisis-comparativo-de-propiedades-mecanicas-y-termicas-de-dos-aleaciones-base-cobre-para-aplicaciones-a-elevadas-temperaturas", "year": 2015, "kind": "paper", "license": "Conference paper, abstract read (cited, not reproduced)" }, "sds-cu-powder": { "title": "Safety Data Sheet, Copper Base Alloy Powder, Stanford Advanced Materials (issue 10 January 2018, North America)", "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/tds/1689815749-copper-alloy-powder.pdf", "year": 2018, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)" }, "usgs-mcs2026-copper": { "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Copper, U.S. Geological Survey", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "report", "license": "Public domain (USGS)" }, "usgs-mcs2026-chromium": { "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium, U.S. Geological Survey", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "report", "license": "Public domain (USGS)" } }, "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/cucrzr/" }