{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "ceramic-fibre-insulation",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "oxide-ceramics",
  "name": "Refractory ceramic fibre insulation (alumina-silica)",
  "abbreviation": "RCF",
  "role": "lightweight high-temperature insulation blanket and board",
  "category": "ceramics",
  "type": "oxides",
  "summary": "Refractory ceramic fibre (RCF) is an amorphous alumina-silica wool, made into blankets, boards and modules for furnace and high-temperature insulation. Morgan's Cerablanket has a classification temperature of 1260 °C and a continuous use temperature of 1180 °C, and its 64 kg/m3 grade conducts 0.06 W/(m·K) at 200 °C and 0.45 W/(m·K) at 1000 °C. The fibre is also a carcinogen risk by inhalation: Morgan's safety data sheet classifies RCF as a category 1B carcinogen (H350i).",
  "best_for": "Furnace, kiln and boiler linings that need a light, low-conductivity blanket up to about 1180 °C in continuous use.",
  "weakest_at": "Respirable fibre dust, which is classified as a carcinogen by inhalation, and crystallisation to cristobalite after heating above about 1300 °C, which embrittles the fibre.",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Amorphous alumina-silica wool. Cerablanket: SiO2 52 to 58 %, Al2O3 42 to 48 %, trace other oxides. CAS 142844-00-6 defines refractory ceramic fibres as SiO2 45 to 60 %, Al2O3 28 to 55 %, ZrO2 under 18 %.",
    "cas": "142844-00-6",
    "designations": [],
    "source": "morgan-rcf-sds",
    "where": "Section 3, Composition, CAS number and the CAS definition note"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [
      "thermal-cycling"
    ],
    "applications": [
      "thermal-control",
      "heat-shields"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
      "label": "Continuous use temperature, Cerablanket",
      "value": 1180,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket"
      },
      "method": "Continuous use temperature as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Continuous Use Temperature row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "classification_temperature",
      "label": "Classification temperature, Cerablanket",
      "value": 1260,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket"
      },
      "method": "Classification temperature as printed in the properties table; the table names no test standard",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Classification Temperature row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting temperature, Cerablanket",
      "value": 1760,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket"
      },
      "method": "Melting temperature as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Melting Temperature row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Available blanket density range, Cerablanket",
      "value": 64,
      "value_high": 160,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kg/m3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket",
        "grades": "64, 96, 128 and 160 kg/m3 (4, 6, 8, 10 pcf)"
      },
      "method": "Available densities as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Density row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, Cerablanket 64 kg/m3 at 200 °C",
      "value": 0.06,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "200 °C",
        "density": "64 kg/m3",
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket"
      },
      "method": "ASTM C201, as printed in the thermal conductivity table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Thermal conductivity table, ASTM C201, 64 kg/m3 column, 200 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, Cerablanket 64 kg/m3 at 1000 °C",
      "value": 0.45,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000 °C",
        "density": "64 kg/m3",
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket"
      },
      "method": "ASTM C201, as printed in the thermal conductivity table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Thermal conductivity table, ASTM C201, 64 kg/m3 column, 1000 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, Cerablanket 128 kg/m3 at 800 °C",
      "value": 0.19,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "800 °C",
        "density": "128 kg/m3",
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket"
      },
      "method": "ASTM C201, as printed in the thermal conductivity table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Thermal conductivity table, ASTM C201, 128 kg/m3 column, 800 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, Cerablanket 128 kg/m3 at 1000 °C",
      "value": 0.27,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000 °C",
        "density": "128 kg/m3",
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket"
      },
      "method": "ASTM C201, as printed in the thermal conductivity table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Thermal conductivity table, ASTM C201, 128 kg/m3 column, 1000 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Average tensile strength, Cerablanket 64 kg/m3",
      "value": 30,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "density": "64 kg/m3",
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket",
        "note": "blanket test, not a fibre property"
      },
      "method": "Average tensile strength, EN 1094-1, as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Tensile Strength row, 64 kg/m3 line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Average tensile strength, Cerablanket 128 kg/m3",
      "value": 90,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "density": "128 kg/m3",
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket",
        "note": "blanket test, not a fibre property"
      },
      "method": "Average tensile strength, EN 1094-1, as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Tensile Strength row, 128 kg/m3 line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
      "label": "Continuous use temperature, Cerachem alumina-silica-zirconia blanket",
      "value": 1315,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Cerachem blanket, made from alumina-silica-zirconia"
      },
      "method": "Continuous use temperature as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Continuous Use Temperature row, Cerachem column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "classification_temperature",
      "label": "Classification temperature, Cerachem alumina-silica-zirconia blanket",
      "value": 1430,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Cerachem blanket, made from alumina-silica-zirconia"
      },
      "method": "Classification temperature as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Classification Temperature row, Cerachem column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
        "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "classification_temperature",
      "label": "Classification temperature, Superwool Plus Pyro-Log",
      "value": 1200,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Superwool Plus Pyro-Log, alkaline earth silicate wool",
        "standard": "EN 1094-1 (2008), as printed"
      },
      "method": "Classification temperature as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Classification Temperature row, Plus column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log, Product Data Sheet MD.02",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 11 June 2025",
        "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "classification_temperature",
      "label": "Classification temperature, Superwool Prime Pyro-Log",
      "value": 1300,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Superwool Prime Pyro-Log, alkaline earth silicate wool",
        "standard": "EN 1094-1 (2008), as printed"
      },
      "method": "Classification temperature as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Classification Temperature row, Prime column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log, Product Data Sheet MD.02",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 11 June 2025",
        "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
      "label": "Continuous use temperature, Superwool Plus Pyro-Log",
      "value": 1100,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Superwool Plus Pyro-Log"
      },
      "method": "Continuous use temperature as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Continuous Use Temperature row, Plus column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log, Product Data Sheet MD.02",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 11 June 2025",
        "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
      "label": "Continuous use temperature, Superwool Prime Pyro-Log",
      "value": 1150,
      "value_high": 1200,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Superwool Prime Pyro-Log"
      },
      "method": "Continuous use temperature range as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Continuous Use Temperature row, Prime column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log, Product Data Sheet MD.02",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 11 June 2025",
        "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, Superwool Plus Pyro-Log",
      "value": 160,
      "value_high": 240,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kg/m3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Superwool Plus Pyro-Log",
        "grades": "160, 192 and 240 kg/m3 (10, 12, 15 pcf)"
      },
      "method": "Density as printed in the properties table, EN 1094-1 (2008)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Density row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log, Product Data Sheet MD.02",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 11 June 2025",
        "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, Superwool Plus Pyro-Log 160 kg/m3 at 1000 °C",
      "value": 0.32,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000 °C",
        "density": "160 kg/m3",
        "product": "Superwool Plus Pyro-Log"
      },
      "method": "ASTM C201, as printed in the thermal conductivity table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
      "where": "Thermal Conductivity W/m·K table, 160 kg/m3 column, 1000 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log, Product Data Sheet MD.02",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 11 June 2025",
        "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat capacity, Superwool Plus Pyro-Log at 1000 °C",
      "value": 1.05,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kJ/(kg·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000 °C",
        "product": "Superwool Plus Pyro-Log"
      },
      "method": "As printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Specific heat capacity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log, Product Data Sheet MD.02",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 11 June 2025",
        "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "linear_shrinkage",
      "label": "Linear shrinkage after 24 hours, Superwool Plus Pyro-Log",
      "value": 1.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000 °C",
        "time": "24 hours",
        "product": "Superwool Plus Pyro-Log",
        "note": "printed as less than 1.5 %"
      },
      "method": "EN 1094-1 (2008), upper bound as printed in the properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Linear Shrinkage row, 1000 °C line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log, Product Data Sheet MD.02",
        "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 11 June 2025",
        "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
        "year": 2025,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "classification_temperature",
      "label": "Classification temperature, Promatect-L calcium silicate board",
      "value": 500,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Promatect-L calcium silicate board"
      },
      "method": "Classification temperature as printed in the technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "promat-promatect-l",
      "where": "Technical data table, Classification temperature row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PROMATECT-L Technical Data Sheet, calcium silicate boards (Promat, Etex)",
        "id": "Promat data sheet, 2017-09",
        "url": "https://media.promat.com/doc_682553_us/original/1850243040/promat-data-sheet--promatect-l-en-us.pdf?market=us",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Bulk density, Promatect-L calcium silicate board",
      "value": 450,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kg/m3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Promatect-L calcium silicate board"
      },
      "method": "Bulk density as printed in the technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "promat-promatect-l",
      "where": "Technical data table, Bulk density row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PROMATECT-L Technical Data Sheet, calcium silicate boards (Promat, Etex)",
        "id": "Promat data sheet, 2017-09",
        "url": "https://media.promat.com/doc_682553_us/original/1850243040/promat-data-sheet--promatect-l-en-us.pdf?market=us",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, Promatect-L at 20 °C",
      "value": 0.08,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "product": "Promatect-L calcium silicate board"
      },
      "method": "As printed in the technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "promat-promatect-l",
      "where": "Technical data table, Thermal conductivity, 20 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PROMATECT-L Technical Data Sheet, calcium silicate boards (Promat, Etex)",
        "id": "Promat data sheet, 2017-09",
        "url": "https://media.promat.com/doc_682553_us/original/1850243040/promat-data-sheet--promatect-l-en-us.pdf?market=us",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, Promatect-L at 400 °C",
      "value": 0.11,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "400 °C",
        "product": "Promatect-L calcium silicate board"
      },
      "method": "As printed in the technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "promat-promatect-l",
      "where": "Technical data table, Thermal conductivity, 400 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PROMATECT-L Technical Data Sheet, calcium silicate boards (Promat, Etex)",
        "id": "Promat data sheet, 2017-09",
        "url": "https://media.promat.com/doc_682553_us/original/1850243040/promat-data-sheet--promatect-l-en-us.pdf?market=us",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "linear_shrinkage",
      "label": "Shrinkage after 12 hours at 500 °C, Promatect-L",
      "value": 0.25,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "500 °C",
        "time": "12 hours",
        "product": "Promatect-L calcium silicate board"
      },
      "method": "As printed in the technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "promat-promatect-l",
      "where": "Technical data table, Shrinkage row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PROMATECT-L Technical Data Sheet, calcium silicate boards (Promat, Etex)",
        "id": "Promat data sheet, 2017-09",
        "url": "https://media.promat.com/doc_682553_us/original/1850243040/promat-data-sheet--promatect-l-en-us.pdf?market=us",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Heating above about 1300 °C for long periods",
      "headline": "Cristobalite forms above about 1300 °C and embrittles a 46 % Al2O3 fibre.",
      "effect": "The patent says mullite recrystallises up to about 1300 °C, that cristobalite forms above it, and that cristobalite recrystallisation is accompanied by embrittlement. It gives no time for this change.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "Alumina-silica fibre, about 46 % Al2O3 and 53 % SiO2",
        "temperature": "above about 1300 °C"
      },
      "source": "ganz-kronert-us5260011",
      "where": "Background section, Ganz and Kronert discussion; Detailed Description"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Continuous use at 1180 °C",
      "headline": "Datasheet claims good resistance to devitrification and prints no shrinkage figure for Cerablanket.",
      "effect": "Morgan says the fibres have good resistance to devitrification and excellent thermal stability. The datasheet prints no shrinkage value for Cerablanket.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1180 °C continuous use",
        "product": "Cerablanket blanket"
      },
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Features table, Excellent thermal stability and devitrification entries"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Heating for 24 hours at 1000 °C (Superwool Plus Pyro-Log)",
      "headline": "Linear shrinkage is printed as less than 1.5 %.",
      "effect": "Linear shrinkage after 24 hours at 1000 °C is printed as less than 1.5 % for Superwool Plus Pyro-Log, and less than 2.2 % at 1300 °C for Superwool Prime Pyro-Log.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "1000 °C for 24 hours (Plus); 1300 °C (Prime)",
        "standard": "EN 1094-1 (2008), as printed"
      },
      "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
      "where": "Properties table, Linear Shrinkage row"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Chemical attack",
      "headline": "Morgan says Cerablanket resists most types of chemical attack. No test data are printed.",
      "effect": "The datasheet states that Cerablanket and Cerachem are resistant to most types of chemical attack. It prints no test conditions or exposure data.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "Cerablanket and Cerachem blankets"
      },
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Product description paragraph"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "Morgan's safety data sheet classifies RCF as a category 1B carcinogen by inhalation, H350i (May cause cancer by inhalation), signal word Danger.",
        "ghs": [
          "H350i"
        ],
        "source": "morgan-rcf-sds",
        "where": "Section 2, Labelling elements table and Hazard Statements"
      },
      {
        "text": "IARC Volume 81 (2002) classes refractory ceramic fibres as Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "iarc-vol81",
        "where": "Overall evaluation, Refractory ceramic fibres entry"
      },
      {
        "text": "Mild mechanical irritation of skin, eyes and upper airways may result from exposure. The effects are usually temporary.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "morgan-rcf-sds",
        "where": "Section 2.3, Other hazards which do not result in classification"
      },
      {
        "text": "Morgan states that its Superwool low biopersistent fibres are not classified as carcinogenic by IARC or under national regulations. This is a manufacturer statement.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
        "where": "Environment and Health Safety paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Embrittlement from cristobalite",
        "trigger": "Heating above about 1300 °C for a 46 % Al2O3 alumina-silica fibre",
        "consequence": "Cristobalite recrystallisation is accompanied by embrittlement, per the patent. No time is given.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "ganz-kronert-us5260011",
        "where": "Background section, Ganz and Kronert discussion"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Joint shrinkage in service",
        "trigger": "24 hours at 1000 °C (Superwool Plus Pyro-Log)",
        "consequence": "Linear shrinkage is printed as less than 1.5 %, which can open gaps at joints in a lined furnace.",
        "severity": "low",
        "source": "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025",
        "where": "Properties table, Linear Shrinkage row"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Use operating procedures that limit dust production and exposure of workers, and observe the exposure limits in the country of use.",
        "source": "morgan-rcf-sds",
        "where": "Section 8.2, Exposure controls"
      },
      {
        "text": "When cutting, observe inhalable dust limits and use dust extraction, as the Promatect-L datasheet recommends for calcium silicate board.",
        "source": "promat-promatect-l",
        "where": "Working and processing, cutting paragraph"
      },
      {
        "text": "For skin irritation, rinse with water and wash gently. Do not rub or scratch exposed skin.",
        "source": "morgan-rcf-sds",
        "where": "Section 4, First-aid measures"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Filter processes to minimise fibre emissions to air, and store waste in closed containers.",
        "source": "morgan-rcf-sds",
        "where": "Section 8.2.3, Environmental exposure controls"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "thermal-control",
      "device": "Furnace, boiler and heater linings",
      "example": "Morgan lists Cerablanket for furnace, boiler and heater linings, and for back-up linings in kilns and furnaces.",
      "source": "morgan-cerablanket-2025",
      "where": "Applications list, Features and Applications table"
    },
    {
      "application": "heat-shields",
      "device": "Reusable spaceplane insulation development (Hermes)",
      "example": "An ESA bulletin article on Hermes-driven high-temperature insulation says temperature durability increases with the alumina content of the fibre, thread or fabric, and that silica products are the best compromise up to some 700 °C under moderate mechanical loads.",
      "source": "esa-bulletin-80-keller",
      "where": "Article text, Hermes insulation discussion"
    },
    {
      "application": "thermal-control",
      "device": "Dryers and industrial furnaces, with calcium silicate board",
      "example": "Promatect-L is listed for heat protection in dryers and industrial furnaces, with a 500 °C classification.",
      "source": "promat-promatect-l",
      "where": "Application areas, Heavy industry list"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Primary aluminium metal, smelter production (USGS). This entry does not cover the silica or alumina feedstock chains of the fibre.",
      "abundance": "USGS gives global bauxite resources of 55 billion to 75 billion tons, sufficient for world aluminium demand well into the future.",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 60.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 4.5,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-aluminum-2026",
      "where": "World Smelter Production and Capacity table, 2025e column; Bauxite World Resources sentence"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets Product Data Sheet, BL.03 (Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
      "year": 2025
    },
    {
      "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log Product Data Sheet, MD.02 (Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
      "year": 2025
    },
    {
      "title": "Safety data sheet, refractory ceramic fibres (alumino-silicate wools), Morgan Thermal Ceramics",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/exole3w1/104-ghs-uae.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Promatect-L Technical Data Sheet (Promat)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://media.promat.com/doc_682553_us/original/1850243040/promat-data-sheet--promatect-l-en-us.pdf?market=us",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "title": "Method of making refractory ceramic products and the products thereof (US 5260011, Ganz and Kronert)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US5260011"
    },
    {
      "title": "IARC Monographs Volume 81, refractory ceramic fibres (IARC, 2002)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol81/81.html",
      "year": 2002
    },
    {
      "title": "Keller, Hermes-driven high-temperature insulation development (ESA Bulletin 80)",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bullet80/keller80.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Aluminum, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (USGS)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "Nextel 312 and Nextel 440 (3M): the 3M datasheets returned HTTP 403 or an HTML error page in this run, so no density, filament, tensile or composition value for either grade is in this file. Composition and melting point seen only in a search snippet were not used.",
    "Calcium silicate board is covered by Promatect-L only. Other calcium silicate grades were not read.",
    "Alkaline earth silicate wool: Superwool Pyro-Log is read; no Superwool HT or Superwool 607 sheet was read. The Superwool VF board sheet returned an empty file.",
    "Space flight results for alumina-silica blankets: NASA 1967 FTA-442A memo (Saturn booster aft sections) was a scanned PDF and returned no readable text. No NASA or ESA primary flight document for alumina-silica fibre was read.",
    "FRCI (NASA, aluminoborosilicate tiles) was seen only in search snippets and is not in this file.",
    "Classification temperature, linear shrinkage and compressive strength are not in spores/property-canon.yaml; short snake_case names are used for them.",
    "Critical-mineral listing for aluminium (USGS 2025 list, EU CRM list) was not found in the USGS aluminium text checked.",
    "Silica or silicon feedstock supply for the fibre was not checked for this profile; the silicon entry is in silica-aerogel.yaml.",
    "Manufacturing process (melting and blowing) was not described in a fetched page, so it is not stated.",
    "No devitrification time at 1200 °C or 1000 °C was found; the patent gives a 1300 °C threshold for a 46 % Al2O3 fibre only.",
    "The NIOSH exposure figure (0.5 f/ml TWA) is quoted by Morgan's safety data sheet; the NIOSH 2006 criteria document was not read.",
    "IARC 2B is the RCF classification; Morgan's statement that Superwool is not classified as carcinogenic is the manufacturer's claim, not an independent review.",
    "Moisture, humidity and chemical-compatibility data for the blankets were not read beyond the Cerablanket statement that it resists most chemical attack."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Refractory ceramic fibre gives a lightweight, low-conductivity blanket up to about 1200 °C. Cerablanket has a 1260 °C classification and a continuous use temperature of 1180 °C, and its 64 kg/m3 grade conducts 0.06 W/(m·K) at 200 °C.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Furnace and kiln linings",
        "line": "Morgan lists Cerablanket for furnace, boiler and heater linings, and for back-up linings in kilns and furnaces."
      },
      {
        "where": "Reusable spaceplane insulation (Hermes, ESA)",
        "line": "An ESA article on Hermes-driven insulation development says durability rises with alumina content, and that silica products are the best compromise up to about 700 °C under moderate loads."
      },
      {
        "where": "Dryers and industrial furnaces (calcium silicate)",
        "line": "Promatect-L calcium silicate board is listed for heat protection in dryers and industrial furnaces, with a 500 °C classification."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Insulation",
        "line": "Cerablanket 64 kg/m3 conducts 0.06 W/(m·K) at 200 °C and 0.45 W/(m·K) at 1000 °C (ASTM C201, datasheet table).",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "0.06 W/(m·K) at 200 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Service limit",
        "line": "Continuous use temperature 1180 °C. The datasheet lists the 1260 °C classification separately, so 1180 °C is the working limit.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "1180 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Higher grade",
        "line": "Cerachem, an alumina-silica-zirconia blanket in the same datasheet, has a 1430 °C classification and 1315 °C continuous use.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "1430 °C"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Compared with the alkaline earth silicate wool Superwool Plus Pyro-Log, Cerablanket has the higher continuous use temperature (1180 against 1100 °C; Superwool Prime reaches 1150 to 1200 °C). Morgan's Superwool sheet says the wool is not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, while IARC places RCF in Group 2B. Promatect-L, a calcium silicate board, is rated to 500 °C and conducts 0.08 W/(m·K) at 20 °C, so it is a board for lower temperatures.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Continuous use temperature",
        "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Use operating procedures that limit dust production. Filter processes to minimise fibre emissions to air, as Morgan's safety data sheet advises.",
      "When cutting, observe inhalable dust limits and use dust extraction, as the Promatect-L datasheet recommends for calcium silicate board.",
      "For skin irritation, rinse with water and wash gently; do not rub or scratch exposed skin."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Lightweight furnace, kiln and boiler linings up to about 1180 °C in continuous use, per the Cerablanket datasheet.",
      "Hot-structure insulation development for reusable spaceplanes, per the ESA Hermes article. That article is a development paper, not a flight result."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "RCF is a category 1B carcinogen by inhalation under Morgan's safety data sheet. Control dust at cutting and installation.",
      "Cristobalite forms after heating above about 1300 °C in a 46 % Al2O3 fibre, and it embrittles the fibre (US 5260011).",
      "The 1260 °C classification is not the continuous limit. Design to 1180 °C for continuous use."
    ],
    "verdict": "A proven furnace blanket with datasheet values for conductivity and temperature. The fibre's carcinogen classification sets the handling rules, and this profile has no flight result for alumina-silica blanket.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Refractory ceramic fibre is an amorphous alumina-silica wool, not a crystalline compound. Morgan's Cerablanket is made from high purity oxides of alumina and silica. The datasheets do not describe the fibre-forming step, so the process is not stated.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Silica",
          "symbol": "SiO2",
          "role": "Main oxide of the amorphous fibre."
        },
        {
          "name": "Alumina",
          "symbol": "Al2O3",
          "role": "Raises the working temperature. The ESA article says durability increases with alumina content."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "Morgan's safety data sheet classifies RCF as a category 1B carcinogen by inhalation (H350i). IARC places it in Group 2B.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Classification",
            "line": "Morgan's data sheet lists H350i, May cause cancer by inhalation, with signal word Danger, under the EU CLP regulation and GHS Rev. 7."
          },
          {
            "label": "IARC",
            "line": "IARC Volume 81 (2002) rates RCF as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B): inadequate evidence in humans, sufficient evidence in experimental animals."
          },
          {
            "label": "Irritation",
            "line": "Mild mechanical irritation of skin, eyes and upper airways can occur. The effects are usually temporary."
          },
          {
            "label": "Exposure limits",
            "line": "Morgan's safety data sheet quotes the NIOSH REL of 0.5 f/ml (TWA), and national values of 0.3 (Japan), 0.2 (Korea), 1 f/cc (UAE) and 0.5 (Australia), as printed."
          },
          {
            "label": "Superwool contrast",
            "line": "Morgan says its Superwool low biopersistent fibres are not classified as carcinogenic by IARC or national rules. That is the manufacturer's statement."
          }
        ],
        "level": 2,
        "verdict": "Category 1B carcinogen by inhalation"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "Heating above about 1300 °C is the main sourced failure route, through cristobalite formation.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Embrittlement",
            "line": "A 46 % Al2O3 fibre recrystallises to mullite up to about 1300 °C and to cristobalite above it. The patent says cristobalite recrystallisation is accompanied by embrittlement."
          },
          {
            "label": "Shrinkage",
            "line": "Superwool Plus Pyro-Log shrinks by less than 1.5 % after 24 hours at 1000 °C, as printed."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 25,
    "unreachable": 2,
    "caveats": 4,
    "note": "Written on 2026-10-26 from the datasheets and documents listed in sources. The 3M Nextel datasheets (403 and HTML error page) and the NASA FTA-442A scan could not be read. Values taken from the Morgan and Promat datasheets are as printed."
  },
  "sources": {
    "morgan-cerablanket-2025": {
      "title": "Cerablanket and Cerachem Blankets, Product Data Sheet BL.03",
      "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 01 January 2025",
      "url": "https://www.morganthermalceramics.com/media/3993/cerablanket_cerchem-blankets_eng.pdf",
      "year": 2025,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "morgan-superwool-pyrolog-2025": {
      "title": "Superwool Pyro-Log, Product Data Sheet MD.02",
      "id": "Morgan Advanced Materials, Thermal Ceramics, publication 11 June 2025",
      "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/z04jy3wy/superwool-pyrolog_eng.pdf",
      "year": 2025,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "morgan-rcf-sds": {
      "title": "Safety data sheet, refractory ceramic fibres (alumino-silicate wools), Morgan Thermal Ceramics",
      "id": "CAS 142844-00-6",
      "url": "https://morganthermalceramics.com/media/exole3w1/104-ghs-uae.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "manufacturer safety data sheet, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "promat-promatect-l": {
      "title": "PROMATECT-L Technical Data Sheet, calcium silicate boards (Promat, Etex)",
      "id": "Promat data sheet, 2017-09",
      "url": "https://media.promat.com/doc_682553_us/original/1850243040/promat-data-sheet--promatect-l-en-us.pdf?market=us",
      "year": 2017,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "ganz-kronert-us5260011": {
      "title": "US 5260011, Method of making refractory ceramic products and the products thereof (Ganz and Kronert)",
      "id": "US patent 5260011",
      "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US5260011",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "patent publication, public record"
    },
    "iarc-vol81": {
      "title": "IARC Monographs Volume 81, refractory ceramic fibres",
      "id": "IARC Monographs Volume 81 (2002)",
      "url": "https://inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol81/81.html",
      "year": 2002,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "IARC monograph, public record (summary page)"
    },
    "esa-bulletin-80-keller": {
      "title": "Keller, Hermes-driven high-temperature insulation development (ESA Bulletin 80)",
      "id": "ESA Bulletin 80",
      "url": "https://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bullet80/keller80.htm",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "ESA public web page"
    },
    "usgs-aluminum-2026": {
      "title": "Aluminum, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (USGS)",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "US government public domain"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/ceramic-fibre-insulation/"
}