{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "cellulose-acetate-butyrate",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "engineering-polymers",
  "name": "Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB, Tenite Butyrate), a tough cellulose ester thermoplastic",
  "abbreviation": "CAB",
  "role": "Cellulose ester thermoplastic for injection-moulded and extruded parts, tool handles, sheet, film and coatings",
  "category": "polymers",
  "type": "cellulosics",
  "summary": "Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) is cellulose in which part of the hydroxyl groups are esterified with acetyl and butyryl groups. Eastman's Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008, with 8 % plasticizer, has a specific gravity of 1.20 and a heat deflection temperature of 79 °C at 1.82 MPa after 4 h at 70 °C, per its Eastman data sheet. Its Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 grade, with 16 % plasticizer and a UV inhibitor, has a specific gravity of 1.17 and a heat deflection temperature of 64 °C at 1.82 MPa. In the Chalmers study, a hot-melt pressed film of the highest-butyryl CAB has a glass transition of 109 °C, against 193 °C for cellulose acetate.\n",
  "best_for": "Tough injection-moulded and extruded parts whose heat load stays below the heat deflection temperature of the chosen grade: 79 °C at 1.82 MPa for the 8 % plasticizer grade and 64 °C for the 16 % grade. Choose the UV-inhibited grade for outdoor parts.",
  "weakest_at": "Water uptake of 1.3 to 1.5 % after 24 h immersion, low-temperature impact (91 J/m at -40 °C for the 8 % plasticizer grade), and outdoor UV without a UV inhibitor. No space flight, vacuum or radiation data were found.",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Cellulose esters: a cellulose backbone with acetyl and butyryl ester groups on its hydroxyl positions. The butyryl share sets the glass transition (Chalmers).",
    "cas": "9004-36-8",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "CAS",
        "code": "9004-36-8",
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Composition table, CAS 9004-36-8 row, cellulose acetate butyrate 100 %"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "Tenite™ Butyrate",
        "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
        "where": "Page title line, Tenite™ Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp"
      }
    ],
    "source": "wikipedia-ca",
    "where": "Other cellulose esters section (CAB as a mixed ester of cellulose); CAS number from the NextSDS composition table"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures",
      "optics-and-cameras"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Specific gravity, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 1.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "-",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "plasticizer": "8 %",
        "test": "ASTM D792",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Specific Gravity, D 792, 1.20 in the General block of the 264E2R30008 technical data sheet (typical value; the sheet prints no unit, so the value is dimensionless)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "General block, Specific Gravity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Tensile stress at yield, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 37.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D638",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Tensile Stress @ Yield, D 638, 37.2 MPa (5400 psi) on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Tensile Stress @ Yield row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile stress at break, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 47.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D638",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Tensile Stress @ Break, D 638, 47.6 MPa (6900 psi) on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Tensile Stress @ Break row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 50,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D638",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Elongation @ Break, D 638, 50 % on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Elongation @ Break row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flexural_modulus",
      "label": "Flexural modulus, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 1586,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D790",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Flexural Modulus, D 790, 1586 MPa (2.30 x 10 5 psi) on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Flexural Modulus row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flexural_strength",
      "label": "Flexural yield strength, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 51,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D790",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Flexural Yield Strength, D 790, 51.0 MPa (7400 psi) on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Flexural Yield Strength row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "notched_izod_impact",
      "label": "Notched Izod impact at 23 °C, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 198,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/m",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D256",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Izod Impact Strength, Notched, 198 J/m (3.7 ft·lbf/in.) at 23 °C on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Izod Impact Strength Notched @ 23 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "notched_izod_impact",
      "label": "Notched Izod impact at -40 °C, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 91,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/m",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D256",
        "temperature": "-40 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Izod Impact Strength, Notched, 91 J/m (1.7 ft·lbf/in.) at -40 °C on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Izod Impact Strength Notched @ -40 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "heat_deflection_temperature",
      "label": "Heat deflection temperature at 1.82 MPa, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 79,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "load": "1.82 MPa (264 psi)",
        "test": "ASTM D648",
        "conditioning": "4 h at 70 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Deflection Temperature @ 1.82 MPa (264 psi), 79 °C (174 °F), conditioned 4 h at 70 °C, on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Thermal Properties block, Deflection Temperature @ 1.82 MPa row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "heat_deflection_temperature",
      "label": "Heat deflection temperature at 0.455 MPa, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 89,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "load": "0.455 MPa (66 psi)",
        "test": "ASTM D648",
        "conditioning": "4 h at 70 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Deflection Temperature @ 0.455 MPa (66 psi), 89 °C (192 °F), conditioned 4 h at 70 °C, on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Thermal Properties block, Deflection Temperature @ 0.455 MPa row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "vicat_softening_temperature",
      "label": "Vicat softening temperature, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 109,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D1525",
        "conditioning": "4 h at 70 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Vicat Softening Temperature, D 1525, 109 °C (228 °F), on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Thermal Properties block, Vicat Softening Temperature row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "moisture_absorption",
      "label": "Water absorption, 24 h immersion, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 1.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D570",
        "exposure": "24 h immersion"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Water Absorption, 24 h immersion, D 570, 1.5 % on the 264E2R30008 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Permanence Properties block, Water Absorption row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "weight_loss_on_heating",
      "label": "Weight loss on heating, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 (8 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 0.3,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp (8 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D707",
        "exposure": "72 h at 80 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Weight Loss on Heating, 72 hours @ 80 °C, D 707, 0.3 % on the 264E2R30008 data sheet; not a canonical property name, listed in gaps",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Permanence Properties block, Weight Loss on Heating row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
        "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Specific gravity, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 (16 % plasticizer, UV inhibitor)",
      "value": 1.17,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "-",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer, odor mask and UV inhibitor)",
        "plasticizer": "16 %",
        "test": "ASTM D792",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Specific Gravity, D 792, 1.17 in the General block of the 485A2R30016 technical data sheet (typical value; no unit printed)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
      "where": "General block, Specific Gravity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
        "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Tensile stress at yield, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 (16 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 25.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural (16 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D638",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Tensile Stress @ Yield, D 638, 25.5 MPa (3700 psi) on the 485A2R30016 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Tensile Stress @ Yield row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
        "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile stress at break, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 (16 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 33.8,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural (16 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D638",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Tensile Stress @ Break, D 638, 33.8 MPa (4900 psi) on the 485A2R30016 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Tensile Stress @ Break row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
        "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flexural_modulus",
      "label": "Flexural modulus, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 (16 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 1103,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural (16 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D790",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Flexural Modulus, D 790, 1103 MPa (1.60 x 10 5 psi) on the 485A2R30016 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Flexural Modulus row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
        "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "notched_izod_impact",
      "label": "Notched Izod impact at 23 °C, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 (16 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 331,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/m",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural (16 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D256",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Izod Impact Strength, Notched, 331 J/m (6.2 ft·lbf/in.) at 23 °C on the 485A2R30016 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Izod Impact Strength Notched @ 23 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
        "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "notched_izod_impact",
      "label": "Notched Izod impact at -40 °C, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 (16 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 107,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/m",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural (16 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D256",
        "temperature": "-40 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Izod Impact Strength, Notched, 107 J/m (2.0 ft·lbf/in.) at -40 °C on the 485A2R30016 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Izod Impact Strength Notched @ -40 °C row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
        "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "heat_deflection_temperature",
      "label": "Heat deflection temperature at 1.82 MPa, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 (16 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 64,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural (16 % plasticizer)",
        "load": "1.82 MPa (264 psi)",
        "test": "ASTM D648",
        "conditioning": "4 h at 70 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Deflection Temperature @ 1.82 MPa (264 psi), 64 °C (147 °F), conditioned 4 h at 70 °C, on the 485A2R30016 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
      "where": "Thermal Properties block, Deflection Temperature @ 1.82 MPa row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
        "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "vicat_softening_temperature",
      "label": "Vicat softening temperature, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 (16 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 96,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural (16 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D1525",
        "conditioning": "4 h at 70 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Vicat Softening Temperature, D 1525, 96 °C (205 °F), on the 485A2R30016 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
      "where": "Thermal Properties block, Vicat Softening Temperature row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
        "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "moisture_absorption",
      "label": "Water absorption, 24 h immersion, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 (16 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 1.3,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural (16 % plasticizer)",
        "test": "ASTM D570",
        "exposure": "24 h immersion"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Water Absorption, 24 h immersion, D 570, 1.3 % on the 485A2R30016 data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
      "where": "Permanence Properties block, Water Absorption row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
        "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
        "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Specific gravity, range across Tenite CAB formulas (3 to 23 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 1.16,
      "value_high": 1.21,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "-",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite cellulose acetate butyrate, Formulas 264, 285, 485, 530, 550, 565, 575 and 576 (range, not one grade)",
        "plasticizer": "3 to 23 %",
        "test": "ASTM D792",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Specific gravity, D792, across the plasticizer columns of the selector chart (1.21 at 3 %, 1.16 at 23 %)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-cab-selector",
      "where": "Selector chart, Specific gravity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Tenite cellulose acetate butyrate selector chart, Formulas 264, 285, 485, 530, 550, 565, 575, 576",
        "id": "SP-TRS-10277, 12/19",
        "url": "https://www.eastman.com/content/dam/eastman/corporate/en/literature/s/sptrs10277.pdf",
        "year": 2019,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "heat_deflection_temperature",
      "label": "Heat deflection temperature at 1.82 MPa, range across Tenite CAB formulas (3 to 23 % plasticizer)",
      "value": 52,
      "value_high": 86,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite cellulose acetate butyrate, Formulas 264 to 576 (range, not one grade)",
        "plasticizer": "3 to 23 %",
        "load": "1.82 MPa (264 psi)",
        "test": "ASTM D648",
        "conditioning": "4 h at 70 °C"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Deflection temperature, 1.82 MPa, across the plasticizer columns of the selector chart (86 °C at 3 %, 52 °C at 23 %)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-cab-selector",
      "where": "Thermal block, Deflection temperature 1.82 MPa row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Tenite cellulose acetate butyrate selector chart, Formulas 264, 285, 485, 530, 550, 565, 575, 576",
        "id": "SP-TRS-10277, 12/19",
        "url": "https://www.eastman.com/content/dam/eastman/corporate/en/literature/s/sptrs10277.pdf",
        "year": 2019,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat at 23 °C, range across Tenite CAB formulas",
      "value": 1.26,
      "value_high": 1.67,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kJ/kg·K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Tenite cellulose acetate butyrate (range across formulas, not one grade)",
        "temperature": "23 °C",
        "test": "DSC"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Specific heat @ 23 °C (73 °F), DSC, 1.26 to 1.67 kJ/kg·K in the miscellaneous butyrate properties block of the selector chart",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "eastman-cab-selector",
      "where": "Miscellaneous butyrate properties, Specific heat row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman, Tenite cellulose acetate butyrate selector chart, Formulas 264, 285, 485, 530, 550, 565, 575, 576",
        "id": "SP-TRS-10277, 12/19",
        "url": "https://www.eastman.com/content/dam/eastman/corporate/en/literature/s/sptrs10277.pdf",
        "year": 2019,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "glass_transition_temperature",
      "label": "Glass transition temperature, highest-butyryl CAB (CAB III, hot-melt pressed film, Chalmers study)",
      "value": 109,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "hot-melt pressed film of CABIII (a laboratory cellulose ester of the Chalmers study, not a Tenite grade)",
        "test": "DSC"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the text of section 3.2 as the Tg of CABIII films: the Tg of hot-melt pressed films falls from 193 °C for CA down to 109 °C for CABIII",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "chalmers-ca-2022",
      "where": "Section 3.2, first paragraph on Tg",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Nilsson et al., Screening of hydrogen bonds in modified cellulose acetates with alkyl chain substitutions",
        "id": "doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119188 (Carbohydrate Polymers 285, 119188)",
        "url": "https://research.chalmers.se/publication/528876/file/528876_Fulltext.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access, Chalmers repository"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "glass_transition_temperature",
      "label": "Glass transition temperature, cellulose acetate (CA, comparison, not CAB), hot-melt pressed film",
      "value": 193,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "hot-melt pressed film of cellulose acetate (CA, not CAB), Chalmers study",
        "test": "DSC"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the text of section 3.2 as the Tg of hot-melt pressed CA films; quoted here only for comparison with CAB",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "chalmers-ca-2022",
      "where": "Section 3.2, first paragraph on Tg",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Nilsson et al., Screening of hydrogen bonds in modified cellulose acetates with alkyl chain substitutions",
        "id": "doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119188 (Carbohydrate Polymers 285, 119188)",
        "url": "https://research.chalmers.se/publication/528876/file/528876_Fulltext.pdf",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access, Chalmers repository"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "butyryl_content",
      "label": "Butyryl content, CAB-381-0.1 (Jiangsu Yunjian, a different supplier's medium-butyryl grade)",
      "value": 35.5,
      "value_high": 41.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "CAB-381-0.1 (Jiangsu Yunjian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd), not a Tenite grade",
        "method_note": "composition printed in the sheet's properties table"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Butyryl Content 35.50%~41.50% in the composition table of the CAB-381-0.1 technical data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "yunjian-cab381",
      "where": "Composition table, Butyryl Content row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Jiangsu Yunjian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Technical Data Sheet, cellulose acetate butyrate CAB-381-0.1",
        "id": "CAB-381-0.1 data sheet, composition table",
        "url": "https://img.chemicalbook.com/ProductImageEN1/ProductDoc/2025-05-20/202505201614020432548.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point range as printed in the SDS, Eastman CAB-551-0.01 (a high-butyryl Eastman grade, not Tenite 264 or 485)",
      "value": 127,
      "value_high": 240,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Eastman CAB-551-0.01 (SDS), not Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 or 485A2R30016",
        "basis": "range printed in the physical and chemical properties block of the SDS"
      },
      "method": "Printed as Melting Point 127 - 240 °C in the physical and chemical properties block of the Eastman CAB-551-0.01 SDS, with no test method given",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "nextsds-cab",
      "where": "Physical and chemical properties block, Melting Point row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Eastman CAB-551-0.01 safety data sheet (read through the NextSDS aggregator)",
        "id": "NextSDS listing 281331501297661",
        "url": "https://nextsds.com/sds/en/281331501297661/eastman-tm-cellulose-acetate-butyrate-cab-551-0-01",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "SDS, cited not reproduced"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Outdoor UV and sunlight",
      "headline": "Special outdoor Tenite butyrate formulations are expected to stay useful for at least five years outdoors in the continental United States.",
      "effect": "Ultraviolet light breaks the chains of cellulose esters, and with oxygen it causes oxidation; infrared warms the plastic and speeds both. UV inhibitors absorb UV and antioxidants protect against oxidation. Eastman gives the five-year figure for its special outdoor formulations, not for general grades, and its Arizona exposure results are graphs with no printed numbers recorded here.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "exposure": "outdoor, continental United States and comparable climates",
        "stabiliser": "special outdoor formulations with UV inhibitors"
      },
      "source": "eastman-weathering",
      "where": "Introduction and Factors that influence weathering damage"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Humidity and water (24 h immersion)",
      "headline": "Water absorption is 1.5 % after 24 h immersion for the 8 % plasticizer grade and 1.3 % for the 16 % grade.",
      "effect": "Water uptake is printed only as 24 h immersion. The selector chart shows water absorption falling as plasticizer level rises across 3 to 23 %, so the lowest-plasticizer grades take up the most water.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "exposure": "24 h immersion",
        "test": "ASTM D570"
      },
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Permanence Properties block, Water Absorption row"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Heat before use (72 h at 80 °C)",
      "headline": "Weight loss on heating after 72 h at 80 °C is 0.3 % for the 8 % plasticizer grade and 0.8 % for the 16 % grade.",
      "effect": "The printed weight loss rises with plasticizer level across the selector chart. The data sheets do not say what is lost, and no source in the record gives a strength or colour change after this test.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "exposure": "72 h at 80 °C",
        "test": "ASTM D707"
      },
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Permanence Properties block, Weight Loss on Heating row"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Heat in service under load",
      "headline": "Heat deflection under 1.82 MPa is 79 °C for the 8 % plasticizer grade and 64 °C for the 16 % grade, after conditioning for 4 h at 70 °C.",
      "effect": "Lower plasticizer gives the higher heat deflection temperature, so the 8 % grade holds more heat than the 16 % grade under the same load.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "load": "1.82 MPa (264 psi)",
        "test": "ASTM D648"
      },
      "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
      "where": "Thermal Properties block, Deflection Temperature @ 1.82 MPa row"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "The Eastman CAB safety data sheet for CAB-551-0.01, read through NextSDS, classifies the product as combustible dust with signal word warning (as printed), hazard statement EUH014 (May form combustible dust concentrations in air) and no H-codes.",
        "ghs": [
          "EUH014"
        ],
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Section 02, hazard classifications and hazard statements"
      },
      {
        "text": "Fine dust dispersed in air in sufficient concentration, in the presence of an ignition source, is a potential dust explosion hazard, according to the same SDS.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Fire-fighting measures, specific hazards"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Softening under load in service",
        "trigger": "Service above 79 °C under 1.82 MPa for the 8 % plasticizer grade, or above 64 °C for the 16 % grade",
        "consequence": "The part deflects under load once its heat deflection temperature is passed; lower plasticizer grades hold the most heat.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
        "where": "Thermal Properties block, Deflection Temperature rows"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Dust explosion during handling of powder or pellets",
        "trigger": "Fine CAB dust in air at high concentration with an ignition source",
        "consequence": "Potential dust explosion. The SDS advises water spray, dry chemical or CO2, and warns against a solid water stream, which may scatter and spread the fire.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Fire-fighting measures, specific hazards"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Static ignition during solvent mixing",
        "trigger": "Mixing CAB into nonpolar hydrocarbons such as toluene or xylene",
        "consequence": "The SDS says this may build up static electricity, risking a flash fire or explosion, and advises an inert gas atmosphere when CAB is added to any flammable liquid.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Handling and Storage (section 07)"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Low impact strength at low temperature",
        "trigger": "Impact at -40 °C",
        "consequence": "Notched Izod falls from 198 J/m at 23 °C to 91 J/m at -40 °C for the 8 % plasticizer grade.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "eastman-264-sheet",
        "where": "Mechanical Properties block, Izod Impact Strength rows"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Loss of properties in outdoor UV",
        "trigger": "Outdoor exposure without a UV inhibitor, under sunlight and humidity",
        "consequence": "Chain scission and oxidation. Eastman says formulations unprotected by UV inhibitor generally give only a few months of satisfactory outdoor service.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "eastman-weathering",
        "where": "Tenite butyrate formulations for outdoor use"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [
      {
        "text": "Molten CAB can cause burns. The SDS says to cool the skin rapidly with cold water after contact with molten material and that burns must be treated by a physician.",
        "affects": "Operators during moulding and extrusion",
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "First aid measures, skin and burns"
      },
      {
        "text": "Decomposition products in a fire are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, according to the SDS.",
        "affects": "People and equipment near a fire",
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Stability and reactivity, decomposition products"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames and hot surfaces, and take action to prevent static discharges (precautionary statements P210 and P243).",
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Precautionary statements"
      },
      {
        "text": "Minimize dust generation and accumulation, and keep the container tightly closed.",
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Storage and fire prevention"
      },
      {
        "text": "Keep strong oxidizing agents apart from CAB; the SDS lists them as incompatible materials.",
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Incompatible materials"
      },
      {
        "text": "Dispose of contents and container at an approved facility under applicable regulations (P501).",
        "source": "nextsds-cab",
        "where": "Precautionary statements"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Choose a formulation with a UV inhibitor for outdoor use. Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 contains an ultra-violet inhibitor (UVI) according to its data sheet.",
        "source": "eastman-485-sheet",
        "where": "Product description, second paragraph"
      },
      {
        "text": "Pick the plasticizer level for the heat the part must survive: the 3 % plasticizer CAB gives a 1.82 MPa heat deflection of 86 °C, against 52 °C at 23 %.",
        "source": "eastman-cab-selector",
        "where": "Thermal block, Deflection temperature 1.82 MPa row"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Injection-moulded and extruded parts (Tenite butyrate)",
      "example": "Eastman says Tenite butyrate has been used in an array of injection molding and extrusion applications, and has become one of the best-known and most widely used cellulosic thermoplastics.",
      "source": "eastman-weathering",
      "where": "Opening text, first column"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Tool handles",
      "example": "Wikipedia says CAB is widely used for tool handles, due to its toughness and resistance to oil and gasoline.",
      "source": "wikipedia-ca",
      "where": "Other cellulose esters section"
    },
    {
      "application": "optics-and-cameras",
      "device": "Clear sheet, tube and film for glazing",
      "example": "Emco Plastics lists Glazing among CAB applications. Eastman's data sheet for Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 says Tenite cellulosic plastics are available in natural, clear, selected ambers, or smoke transparents.",
      "source": "emco-cab",
      "where": "Applications list"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Cellulose feedstock for CAB: wood pulp or cotton linters",
      "abundance": "Wikipedia says purified cellulose from wood pulp or cotton linters is mixed with glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride and a catalyst for cellulose acetate, and gives no CAB-specific process. Eastman describes its cellulose esters as plastics made from wood pulp, a renewable resource.",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "wikipedia-ca",
      "where": "Production section; Eastman selector chart, Plastics made from wood pulp line"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Cellulose acetate materials, all types: global production",
      "abundance": "The global production of CA materials was over 800,000 tonnes per year in 2008, per Wikipedia. The figure covers cellulose acetate generally, not CAB alone.",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "wikipedia-ca",
      "where": "Disposal and degradation section"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Eastman Tenite Butyrate producer",
      "abundance": "Eastman sells Tenite butyrate grades. Its selector chart prints a corporate address in Kingsport, TN, U.S.A. No production volume or country share is printed.",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "eastman-cab-selector",
      "where": "Title line and corporate address block"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Jiangsu Yunjian CAB-381 producer",
      "abundance": "Jiangsu Yunjian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd sells CAB-381 series grades (CAB-381-0.1 and others), per its technical data sheet. No production volume or country share is printed.",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "yunjian-cab381",
      "where": "Company name line in the header of each CAB-381 data sheet"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp"
    },
    {
      "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural"
    },
    {
      "title": "Eastman, Tenite cellulose acetate butyrate selector chart, SP-TRS-10277 (12/19)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.eastman.com/content/dam/eastman/corporate/en/literature/s/sptrs10277.pdf",
      "year": 2019
    },
    {
      "title": "Eastman, Weathering of Tenite butyrate, SP-TRS-10080 (2/20)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.eastman.com/content/dam/eastman/corporate/en/literature/s/sptrs10080.pdf",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "title": "Nilsson et al., Screening of hydrogen bonds in modified cellulose acetates with alkyl chain substitutions, Carbohydrate Polymers 285 (2022) 119188",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://research.chalmers.se/publication/528876/file/528876_Fulltext.pdf",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "title": "Eastman CAB-551-0.01 safety data sheet (read through NextSDS)",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://nextsds.com/sds/en/281331501297661/eastman-tm-cellulose-acetate-butyrate-cab-551-0-01"
    },
    {
      "title": "Jiangsu Yunjian, Technical Data Sheet, CAB-381-0.1 cellulose acetate butyrate",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://img.chemicalbook.com/ProductImageEN1/ProductDoc/2025-05-20/202505201614020432548.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No glass transition or heat deflection value for a commercial Tenite butyrate grade: the Eastman data sheets and selector chart print no Tg. The Chalmers CABIII film is a laboratory cellulose ester, not a Tenite grade.",
    "No space flight, vacuum outgassing (TML or CVCM) or radiation test result for CAB was found in a source opened in this run.",
    "PubChem was not opened in this run, so there is no PubChem CID or GHS record for CAB. The hazard entries come from the Eastman CAB SDS only.",
    "Sections 11 (toxicology), 12, 13 and 15 of the Eastman CAB SDS are marked as not yet processed in NextSDS, and section 14 (transport) has no content, so no toxicology or transport data are given.",
    "Weight loss on heating (weight_loss_on_heating) and butyryl content (butyryl_content) are not canonical names in spores/property-canon.yaml; they use short snake_case names.",
    "Light transmission (>90 %), haze (<8.5 %) and Rockwell R hardness (88 and 40) are printed on the data sheets but not recorded as properties, because there is no canonical name for them in the property list.",
    "The Eastman Arizona weathering results (tensile and impact after outdoor exposure) are graphs; no numbers are taken from them.",
    "Thermal conductivity, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, dielectric strength and dielectric constant ranges for Tenite CAB are printed in the selector chart but are not recorded in this profile.",
    "Producer countries and production shares for CAB were not found in a source opened in this run, and no acetic acid or acetic anhydride supply source was read.",
    "No critical-mineral list was checked for cellulose, acetic acid or butyric acid, so critical_lists is empty.",
    "No atomic weights are given in a source read in this run, so the recipe parts carry no atomic_weight field.",
    "The CAB-551-0.01 melting range comes from an SDS for a different Eastman grade, not from the Tenite data sheets, and is labelled with its own grade.",
    "The butyryl content row comes from a different supplier's CAB-381-0.1 sheet, not from Eastman, and is labelled with its own grade."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Cellulose acetate butyrate is a cellulose ester thermoplastic. Eastman sells it as Tenite Butyrate in plasticizer levels that trade heat resistance against toughness: the 8 % plasticizer grade has a heat deflection temperature of 79 °C at 1.82 MPa, and the 16 % grade has 64 °C. The butyrate groups lower the glass transition compared with plain cellulose acetate.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Injection-moulded and extruded parts",
        "line": "Eastman says Tenite butyrate has been used in an array of injection moulding and extrusion applications, and is one of the most widely used cellulosic thermoplastics."
      },
      {
        "where": "Tool handles",
        "line": "Wikipedia says CAB is widely used for tool handles because of its toughness and its resistance to oil and gasoline."
      },
      {
        "where": "Clear sheet, tube and film for glazing",
        "line": "Emco Plastics lists glazing among CAB applications, and Eastman's data sheet says Tenite cellulosic plastics come in natural, clear, selected ambers, or smoke transparents."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Heat at low plasticizer",
        "line": "The 8 % plasticizer grade, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008, has a heat deflection temperature of 79 °C at 1.82 MPa after 4 h at 70 °C, per its Eastman data sheet. The 16 % grade has 64 °C.",
        "benchmark": "heat_deflection_temperature",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "79 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Glass transition",
        "line": "In the Chalmers study, a hot-melt pressed film of the highest-butyryl CAB has a glass transition of 109 °C, against 193 °C for cellulose acetate film.",
        "benchmark": "glass_transition_temperature",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "109 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Toughness at room temperature",
        "line": "The 8 % plasticizer grade has a notched Izod impact of 198 J/m at 23 °C, falling to 91 J/m at -40 °C, per its Eastman data sheet.",
        "benchmark": "notched_izod_impact",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "198 J/m"
      },
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "line": "Eastman's selector chart prints a specific gravity from 1.16 to 1.21 across plasticizer levels of 3 to 23 %.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "1.16 to 1.21"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "CAB and cellulose acetate (CA) are both cellulose esters, and Wikipedia describes CA as made from wood pulp or cotton linters. The butyrate groups in CAB lower the glass transition: the Chalmers films fall from 193 °C for CA to 109 °C for the highest-butyryl CAB. For Tenite grades, Eastman's selector chart shows that plasticizer level sets the heat deflection, which runs from 52 to 86 °C at 1.82 MPa across 3 to 23 % plasticizer. Pick CAB where a lower glass transition and an outdoor-stabilised formulation are wanted.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Glass transition temperature (CA film, Chalmers)",
        "benchmark": "glass_transition_temperature",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Heat deflection temperature at 1.82 MPa, 8 % plasticizer grade",
        "benchmark": "heat_deflection_temperature",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Water absorption, 24 h immersion, 8 % plasticizer grade",
        "benchmark": "moisture_absorption",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Keep the powder sealed and away from heat, sparks and open flames.",
      "Control dust and static when the powder is handled or mixed with solvents.",
      "Use a UV-inhibited grade, such as Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016, for outdoor parts.",
      "Pick the plasticizer level for the heat the part must survive; low plasticizer gives the highest heat deflection."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Moulded and extruded parts that must hold shape under 1.82 MPa up to 79 °C, using the 8 % plasticizer grade.",
      "Tool handles, where toughness and resistance to oil and gasoline matter, according to Wikipedia.",
      "Outdoor parts with a UV inhibitor, where Eastman expects at least five years of outdoor use."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Water uptake of 1.3 to 1.5 % after 24 h immersion.",
      "Low-temperature impact: notched Izod falls from 198 J/m at 23 °C to 91 J/m at -40 °C for the 8 % plasticizer grade.",
      "Dust explosion and static hazards in powder handling, per the Eastman CAB SDS."
    ],
    "verdict": "CAB is a mature cellulose ester with a usable heat range, good room-temperature toughness and clear grades. Its weak points are water uptake, low-temperature impact, UV without a stabiliser, and dust and static in handling. No space flight, vacuum or radiation data were found, so it cannot be called space-qualified.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Cellulose acetate butyrate is cellulose in which part of the hydroxyl groups are esterified with acetyl and butyryl groups, with a plasticizer added for the grade. Wikipedia gives no CAB-specific process; for cellulose acetate, purified cellulose from wood pulp or cotton linters is mixed with glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride and a catalyst.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Anhydroglucose unit",
          "symbol": "C6 ring",
          "role": "The cellulose backbone repeat unit. Its hydroxyl groups are the sites that the acetyl and butyryl groups replace."
        },
        {
          "name": "Acetyl group",
          "symbol": "COCH3",
          "role": "Esterifies part of the hydroxyl groups. The Yunjian CAB-381-0.1 sheet gives less acetyl than butyryl in its grades."
        },
        {
          "name": "Butyryl group",
          "symbol": "COC3H7",
          "role": "Replaces part of the acetyl groups. The Yunjian CAB-381-0.1 sheet prints butyryl content of 35.5 to 41.5 %, and the butyryl groups lower the glass transition."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The Eastman CAB safety data sheet classifies the product as combustible dust (EUH014) and prints no H-codes. The sources read do not classify it as hazardous otherwise.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "The powder",
            "line": "No H-codes are printed. The SDS gives the signal word warning and EUH014, May form combustible dust concentrations in air."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust",
            "line": "Fine dust in air can form an explosive mixture with an ignition source. Keep dust down and avoid sparks."
          },
          {
            "label": "Molten material",
            "line": "Molten CAB causes burns. The SDS advises cooling the skin rapidly with cold water and physician treatment for burns."
          }
        ],
        "level": 0,
        "verdict": "Low acute hazard; combustible dust"
      },
      {
        "title": "If the material burns",
        "lead": "Fire data come from the SDS, not from field incidents.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Fire",
            "line": "Use water spray, dry chemical or CO2. The SDS says not to use a solid water stream, which may scatter and spread the fire."
          },
          {
            "label": "Decomposition",
            "line": "Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are the decomposition products named in the SDS. The SDS also warns of static build-up when CAB is mixed with toluene or xylene."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and service",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Storage",
            "line": "Keep the container tightly closed, keep the material away from heat, sparks and open flames, and prevent static discharge."
          },
          {
            "label": "Outdoors",
            "line": "Use a formulation with a UV inhibitor. Eastman says its special outdoor butyrate formulations should remain useful for at least five years outdoors."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-01",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 29,
    "unreachable": 1,
    "caveats": 2,
    "note": "Read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from two Eastman Tenite butyrate data sheets, the Eastman selector chart and weathering note, the NextSDS CAB SDS, Wikipedia, the Chalmers 2022 paper, a Yunjian CAB-381 data sheet and an Emco Plastics page. 29 properties are sourced. PubChem was not opened in this run."
  },
  "sources": {
    "eastman-264-sheet": {
      "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 264E2R30008 Natural Trsp",
      "id": "264E2R30008 (Formula 264, 8 % plasticizer)",
      "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003583&pn=tenite-butyrate-264e2r30008-natural-trsp",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "eastman-485-sheet": {
      "title": "Eastman, Technical Data Sheet, Tenite Butyrate 485A2R30016 Natural",
      "id": "485A2R30016 (Formula 485, 16 % plasticizer)",
      "url": "https://productcatalog.eastman.com/tds/ProdDatasheet.aspx?product=71003742&pn=tenite+butyrate+485a2r30016+-+natural",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "eastman-cab-selector": {
      "title": "Eastman, Tenite cellulose acetate butyrate selector chart, Formulas 264, 285, 485, 530, 550, 565, 575, 576",
      "id": "SP-TRS-10277, 12/19",
      "url": "https://www.eastman.com/content/dam/eastman/corporate/en/literature/s/sptrs10277.pdf",
      "year": 2019,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "eastman-weathering": {
      "title": "Eastman, Weathering of Tenite butyrate",
      "id": "SP-TRS-10080, 2/20",
      "url": "https://www.eastman.com/content/dam/eastman/corporate/en/literature/s/sptrs10080.pdf",
      "year": 2020,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Eastman literature, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "chalmers-ca-2022": {
      "title": "Nilsson et al., Screening of hydrogen bonds in modified cellulose acetates with alkyl chain substitutions",
      "id": "doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119188 (Carbohydrate Polymers 285, 119188)",
      "url": "https://research.chalmers.se/publication/528876/file/528876_Fulltext.pdf",
      "year": 2022,
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "open access, Chalmers repository"
    },
    "nextsds-cab": {
      "title": "Eastman CAB-551-0.01 safety data sheet (read through the NextSDS aggregator)",
      "id": "NextSDS listing 281331501297661",
      "url": "https://nextsds.com/sds/en/281331501297661/eastman-tm-cellulose-acetate-butyrate-cab-551-0-01",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "SDS, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "wikipedia-ca": {
      "title": "Wikipedia, Cellulose acetate",
      "id": "en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_acetate",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_acetate",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (text)"
    },
    "yunjian-cab381": {
      "title": "Jiangsu Yunjian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Technical Data Sheet, cellulose acetate butyrate CAB-381-0.1",
      "id": "CAB-381-0.1 data sheet, composition table",
      "url": "https://img.chemicalbook.com/ProductImageEN1/ProductDoc/2025-05-20/202505201614020432548.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier data sheet, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "emco-cab": {
      "title": "Emco Plastics, Butyrate (cellulose acetate butyrate) product page",
      "id": "emcoplastics.com/butyrate",
      "url": "https://www.emcoplastics.com/butyrate/",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "Distributor web page, cited not reproduced"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/cellulose-acetate-butyrate/"
}