{ "spore": "profile", "id": "aluminium-carbide", "spore_version": "0.2", "family": "carbide-nitride-boride-ceramics", "name": "Aluminium carbide", "abbreviation": "Al4C3", "role": "interfacial carbide in aluminium-carbon and aluminium-SiC composites; thermochemical reference compound", "category": "ceramics", "type": "carbides", "summary": "Aluminium carbide is Al4C3, a rhombohedral compound of aluminium and carbon (Wikipedia, composition and structure). It forms when molten aluminium reacts with carbon or with silicon carbide particles, which is why it appears at the interface in aluminium composites. NIST-JANAF gives a standard enthalpy of formation of -215.685 kJ/mol at 298.15 K for the crystalline solid. The compound is not a stable structural ceramic in wet conditions: CAMEO Chemicals says it decomposes slowly in water or moist air to give heat and flammable methane, and Wikipedia gives the hydrolysis to aluminium hydroxide and methane.\n", "best_for": "Thermochemical reference data for the carbide that forms at aluminium-carbon and aluminium-SiC interfaces, and for judging how much of it a composite can tolerate", "weakest_at": "Water and moist air: it releases flammable methane and heat (CAMEO, Wikipedia). Its melting point is not settled, since Wikipedia gives 2100 C as the melting point and 1400 C as the decomposition temperature", "identity": { "formula": "Al4C3, aluminium carbide: four aluminium and three carbon atoms per formula unit, rhombohedral structure (Wikipedia, composition and structure only)", "cas": "1299-86-1", "crystal_system": "rhombohedral", "space_group": "R3m", "designations": [], "source": "wikipedia-al4c3", "where": "Infobox, Identifiers row (CAS 1299-86-1, verified) and Structure rows (Pearson symbol hR21, space group R3m No. 166)" }, "tags": { "environments": [], "stresses": [], "applications": [] }, "properties": [ { "benchmark": "molar_heat_capacity", "label": "Molar heat capacity Cp, Al4C3, 298.15 K", "value": 116.784, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J K-1 mol-1", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "298.15 K", "reference_state": "standard state pressure 0.1 MPa", "phase": "crystalline (cr)" }, "method": "JANAF table value at 298.15 K; molar, so not converted to a specific heat (no molar mass conversion applied in this file)", "status": "ground", "source": "janaf-al4c3", "where": "Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) table, formula C3Al4(cr), row 298.15, Cp column", "source_detail": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" } }, { "benchmark": "molar_heat_capacity", "label": "Molar heat capacity Cp, Al4C3, 1000 K", "value": 176.142, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J K-1 mol-1", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "1000 K", "reference_state": "standard state pressure 0.1 MPa", "phase": "crystalline (cr)" }, "method": "JANAF table value at 1000 K, read from the same table", "status": "ground", "source": "janaf-al4c3", "where": "Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) table, formula C3Al4(cr), row 1000, Cp column", "source_detail": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" } }, { "benchmark": "standard_molar_entropy", "label": "Standard molar entropy S, Al4C3, 298.15 K", "value": 88.969, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J K-1 mol-1", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "298.15 K", "reference_state": "standard state pressure 0.1 MPa", "phase": "crystalline (cr)" }, "method": "JANAF table value at 298.15 K; S column", "status": "ground", "source": "janaf-al4c3", "where": "Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) table, formula C3Al4(cr), row 298.15, S column", "source_detail": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" } }, { "benchmark": "standard_molar_entropy", "label": "Standard molar entropy S, Al4C3, 1000 K", "value": 273.243, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J K-1 mol-1", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "1000 K", "reference_state": "standard state pressure 0.1 MPa", "phase": "crystalline (cr)" }, "method": "JANAF table value at 1000 K, read from the same table", "status": "ground", "source": "janaf-al4c3", "where": "Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) table, formula C3Al4(cr), row 1000, S column", "source_detail": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" } }, { "benchmark": "standard_enthalpy_of_formation", "label": "Standard enthalpy of formation, Al4C3, 298.15 K", "value": -215.685, "bound": "exact", "unit": "kJ mol-1", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "298.15 K", "reference_state": "standard state pressure 0.1 MPa", "phase": "crystalline (cr)" }, "method": "JANAF table value at 298.15 K; delta-f H column", "status": "ground", "source": "janaf-al4c3", "where": "Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) table, formula C3Al4(cr), row 298.15, delta-f H column", "source_detail": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" } }, { "benchmark": "standard_enthalpy_of_formation", "label": "Standard enthalpy of formation, Al4C3, 1000 K", "value": -263.532, "bound": "exact", "unit": "kJ mol-1", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "1000 K", "reference_state": "standard state pressure 0.1 MPa", "phase": "crystalline (cr)" }, "method": "JANAF table value at 1000 K, read from the same table", "status": "ground", "source": "janaf-al4c3", "where": "Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) table, formula C3Al4(cr), row 1000, delta-f H column", "source_detail": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" } }, { "benchmark": "standard_gibbs_energy_of_formation", "label": "Standard Gibbs energy of formation, Al4C3, 298.15 K", "value": -203.356, "bound": "exact", "unit": "kJ mol-1", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "298.15 K", "reference_state": "standard state pressure 0.1 MPa", "phase": "crystalline (cr)" }, "method": "JANAF table value at 298.15 K; delta-f G column", "status": "ground", "source": "janaf-al4c3", "where": "Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) table, formula C3Al4(cr), row 298.15, delta-f G column", "source_detail": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" } }, { "benchmark": "standard_gibbs_energy_of_formation", "label": "Standard Gibbs energy of formation, Al4C3, 1000 K", "value": -169.804, "bound": "exact", "unit": "kJ mol-1", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "1000 K", "reference_state": "standard state pressure 0.1 MPa", "phase": "crystalline (cr)" }, "method": "JANAF table value at 1000 K, read from the same table", "status": "ground", "source": "janaf-al4c3", "where": "Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) table, formula C3Al4(cr), row 1000, delta-f G column", "source_detail": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" } }, { "benchmark": "log_kf", "label": "Log of formation constant, Al4C3, 298.15 K", "value": 35.627, "bound": "exact", "unit": "-", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "298.15 K", "reference_state": "standard state pressure 0.1 MPa", "phase": "crystalline (cr)" }, "method": "JANAF table value at 298.15 K; log Kf column, dimensionless", "status": "ground", "source": "janaf-al4c3", "where": "Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3) table, formula C3Al4(cr), row 298.15, log Kf column", "source_detail": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" } }, { "benchmark": "density", "label": "Density, Al4C3", "value": 2.36, "bound": "exact", "unit": "g/cm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "temperature": "25 C", "pressure": "100 kPa", "basis": "Wikipedia standard-state note (data at 25 C and 100 kPa unless otherwise noted)" }, "method": "Wikipedia Properties row; the row gives no temperature of its own, so the page's standard-state note is used", "status": "ground", "source": "wikipedia-al4c3", "where": "Properties row, Density", "source_detail": { "title": "Wikipedia, Aluminium carbide (composition, structure, properties, hydrolysis and preparation only)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_carbide", "kind": "web", "license": "CC-BY-SA 4.0" } }, { "benchmark": "molar_mass", "label": "Molar mass, Al4C3", "value": 143.95853, "bound": "exact", "unit": "g/mol", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "basis": "molar mass of Al4C3 as printed on the Wikipedia Properties row" }, "method": "Wikipedia Properties row, molar mass; not converted", "status": "ground", "source": "wikipedia-al4c3", "where": "Properties row, Molar mass", "source_detail": { "title": "Wikipedia, Aluminium carbide (composition, structure, properties, hydrolysis and preparation only)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_carbide", "kind": "web", "license": "CC-BY-SA 4.0" } }, { "benchmark": "melting_point", "label": "Melting point, Al4C3 (Wikipedia infobox)", "value": 2100, "bound": "exact", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "basis": "as printed in the infobox; conflicts with the decomposition temperature in the body text" }, "method": "Wikipedia infobox Melting point row. The same page gives 1400 C as the temperature up to which the compound is stable, so the melting figure is kept only as printed", "status": "ground", "note": "The melting figure and the decomposition figure on the same page do not agree, so neither is a settled melting point.", "source": "wikipedia-al4c3", "where": "Infobox, Melting point row", "source_detail": { "title": "Wikipedia, Aluminium carbide (composition, structure, properties, hydrolysis and preparation only)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_carbide", "kind": "web", "license": "CC-BY-SA 4.0" } }, { "benchmark": "decomposition_temperature", "label": "Decomposition temperature, Al4C3", "value": 1400, "bound": "exact", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "basis": "stated as stable up to this temperature in the body text, and as decomposes at this temperature in the infobox boiling point row" }, "method": "Wikipedia body text and infobox; the name decomposition_temperature is not in property-canon.yaml", "status": "ground", "source": "wikipedia-al4c3", "where": "Body text, first paragraph of the properties section; Infobox, Boiling point row", "source_detail": { "title": "Wikipedia, Aluminium carbide (composition, structure, properties, hydrolysis and preparation only)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_carbide", "kind": "web", "license": "CC-BY-SA 4.0" } } ], "corrosion": [ { "environment": "Water or moist air, at room temperature and above", "headline": "In water or moist air, Al4C3 gives off heat and flammable methane", "effect": "CAMEO Chemicals says it decomposes slowly in the presence of water or moist air to generate heat and flammable methane gas, and calls this a dangerous fire risk. Wikipedia gives the reaction Al4C3 + 12 H2O to 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 CH4, with evolution of methane and considerable heat. The rating severe is the assistant's judgement from these two sources; CAMEO gives no corrosion rating.", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "atmosphere": "water or moist air", "temperature": "room temperature and above (Wikipedia says the reaction runs with considerable heat)" }, "source": "cameo-al4c3", "where": "Air and Water Reactions, Fire Hazard (ERG Guide 138 excerpt), Reactivity Alerts" } ], "risks": { "hazards": [ { "text": "CAMEO Chemicals (NOAA): ERG Guide 138 says it may ignite on contact with water or moist air, and may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. The DOT hazard label is Dangerous When Wet, placard 4.3.", "ghs": [], "source": "cameo-al4c3", "where": "Fire Hazard (ERG Guide 138 excerpt); Chemical Identifiers, DOT Hazard Label" }, { "text": "CAMEO Chemicals (NOAA): inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with water can form corrosive solutions, and a fire produces irritating, corrosive or toxic gases.", "ghs": [], "source": "cameo-al4c3", "where": "Health Hazard (ERG Guide 138 excerpt)" } ], "failure_risks": [ { "mode": "Methane release and heat on contact with water", "trigger": "Water or moist air reaching the powder or the carbide phase in a composite", "consequence": "Flammable methane and heat are evolved (CAMEO; Wikipedia hydrolysis). CAMEO calls this a dangerous fire risk.", "severity": "high", "source": "cameo-al4c3", "where": "Air and Water Reactions" }, { "mode": "Ignition by heat or sparks", "trigger": "Heat, sparks or open flame near the material", "consequence": "CAMEO says the material may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames, and that a fire produces irritating, corrosive or toxic gases.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "cameo-al4c3", "where": "Fire Hazard (ERG Guide 138 excerpt)" } ], "side_effects": [ { "text": "Hydrolysis gives aluminium hydroxide and methane, with considerable heat (Wikipedia, Reactions section and infobox solubility row).", "affects": "Surrounding material and any enclosure holding the powder", "source": "wikipedia-al4c3", "where": "Reactions section; infobox solubility row" } ], "handling": [ { "text": "Keep the material away from water and moist air, because contact releases flammable methane and heat (CAMEO).", "source": "cameo-al4c3", "where": "Air and Water Reactions" } ], "mitigations": [] }, "uses": [], "supply": [ { "subject": "Aluminium (feedstock for the aluminium half of Al4C3)", "producers": [ { "country": "China", "share_percent": 60.8, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "India", "share_percent": 5.7, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Russia", "share_percent": 5.3, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Canada", "share_percent": 4.5, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "United Arab Emirates", "share_percent": 3.6, "year": 2025 } ], "critical_lists": [ { "list": "USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (aluminum listed, used in almost all sectors of the economy)", "listed": true } ], "recycling": "USGS 2026: about 3.6 million tons of aluminum were recovered from purchased scrap in the United States in 2025. No recycling figure for Al4C3 itself was found.", "substitutes": [], "source": "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum", "where": "Salient Statistics, Recycling; World Smelter Production and Capacity table, smelter production 2025e (world total 74,000 thousand t; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against it); critical list from the USGS 2025 critical minerals page" } ], "media": [], "documents": [ { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), table formula C3Al4(cr)", "type": "database", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "year": 1965 }, { "title": "Wikipedia, Aluminium carbide (composition, structure, properties, hydrolysis and preparation only)", "type": "database", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_carbide" }, { "title": "CAMEO Chemicals (NOAA), Chemical Datasheet for aluminum carbide, CAS 1299-86-1", "type": "database", "url": "https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2381" }, { "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum", "type": "report", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf", "year": 2026 }, { "title": "USGS, About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals", "type": "report", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals", "year": 2025 } ], "gaps": [ "Carbon feedstock and production route: the search results describe an arc-furnace reaction of aluminium and carbon (Wikipedia, read in this run), but no source gave the carbon grade or a separate process route, so the recipe line does not add one.", "Density at a stated temperature other than the Wikipedia standard-state note: only one density value was read, and no second source was opened to check it.", "Hazard classification (GHS hazard statements and signal word): PubChem returned a browser check and the Safety and Hazards section could not be read. The supplier data sheets that were reached as search results were not fetched, so no H-codes are listed.", "Uses: no fetched page gave an Al4C3 use with a test or service example. The composite papers found in search gave no readable full text (Springer and the Coventry PDF were blocked or returned a cover file), and Wikipedia is limited to composition and history by the brief. No use is listed.", "Interfacial carbon-fibre and carbon-nanotube composite data (carbide content and its effect on strength): no full text read in this run, so none is recorded.", "Moisture ageing rate and the room-temperature hydrolysis rate: a search snippet described slow reaction with moist air, but no fetched source gave a rate, so none is recorded.", "Aluminium crustal abundance: aluminium is not in the USGS PP 1802-A Table A1 crustal abundance list as read in this run, so no abundance is recorded.", "EU critical raw materials list entry for aluminium or bauxite: the European Commission page was not read in this run, so it is not listed.", "Carbon as a feedstock: no supply, critical-mineral or abundance data for carbon was read in a fetched page.", "Atomic weights of aluminium and carbon were not read in a fetched page, so the recipe parts carry no atomic_weight and no atom counts.", "Melting point is not settled: Wikipedia gives 2100 C in the infobox and 1400 C as the decomposition temperature. Neither is confirmed by a second source.", "Property names not in property-canon.yaml: molar_heat_capacity, standard_molar_entropy, standard_enthalpy_of_formation, standard_gibbs_energy_of_formation, log_kf, molar_mass and decomposition_temperature. The JANAF values are molar and are not converted to specific heat.", "Designations (UNS, EN, DIN, JIS, ASTM and similar): no fetched source printed a designation for this compound. None are listed.", "Hardness, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion and electrical resistivity of Al4C3: no fetched source with a printed value was read.", "Radiation, vacuum and flight behaviour: no source read in this run.", "Environments: no source read supports a space-environment tag, so tags.environments is empty." ], "story": { "why": "Aluminium carbide is the carbide that forms when molten aluminium touches carbon or silicon carbide, so it matters for the reliability of aluminium composites. Its thermochemistry is well documented: the JANAF table gives a standard enthalpy of formation of -215.685 kJ/mol at 298.15 K for the crystalline solid. Its density is 2.36 g/cm3 and its molar mass is 143.95853 g/mol (Wikipedia). It is not a stable structural ceramic in wet conditions, and its hydrolysis to methane is the main reason to treat it with care.", "uses": [], "can_do": [ { "label": "Formation enthalpy", "line": "The standard enthalpy of formation is -215.685 kJ/mol at 298.15 K and -263.532 kJ/mol at 1000 K (JANAF). It becomes more negative as the temperature rises in this range.", "benchmark": "standard_enthalpy_of_formation", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Heat capacity", "line": "The molar heat capacity is 116.784 J K-1 mol-1 at 298.15 K and 176.142 J K-1 mol-1 at 1000 K (JANAF).", "benchmark": "molar_heat_capacity", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Thermal stability", "line": "Wikipedia says the compound is stable up to 1400 C. Its infobox melting point is 2100 C, which does not match, so the melting figure is not used as a settled value.", "benchmark": "decomposition_temperature", "scope": "material" } ], "compare": "Al4C3 is a carbide with a standard enthalpy of formation of -215.685 kJ/mol at 298.15 K (JANAF) and a density of 2.36 g/cm3 (Wikipedia). Unlike the refractory carbides used in coatings, it reacts with water and moist air to give methane, so its handling differs most from theirs. The compare rows use the three benchmarks that have values from sources read in this run; no other carbide is compared here.", "compare_rows": [ { "label": "Density", "benchmark": "density", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Decomposition temperature", "benchmark": "decomposition_temperature", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Enthalpy of formation", "benchmark": "standard_enthalpy_of_formation", "scope": "material" } ], "handling": [ "Keep the material away from water and moist air. Contact releases flammable methane and heat (CAMEO).", "Treat it as a fire hazard. It may ignite on heat, sparks or flame (CAMEO).", "Use it only with a current safety data sheet for the product you hold, since none was read for this compound in this run." ], "good_for": [ "Thermochemical reference. JANAF gives a full set of formation and heat-capacity values from 298.15 K to 1000 K.", "Understanding the interface in aluminium composites. Wikipedia describes the carbide layer that forms on SiC particles." ], "watch_out": [ "Water and moist air. It releases flammable methane and heat.", "Melting point is unsettled. Wikipedia gives 2100 C as the melting point and 1400 C as the decomposition temperature.", "Carbide content in composites. Wikipedia notes that the carbide lowers strength and improves wettability, but no test value was read." ], "verdict": "Al4C3 is a well-characterised compound in thermochemistry, with a clear hazard in wet conditions. Its formation data are sourced from JANAF, and its water reaction from CAMEO and Wikipedia. Its melting point, hazard classification and use data are not yet settled from sources read in this run.", "recipe": { "line": "Al4C3 is an aluminium-carbon compound with four aluminium and three carbon per formula unit (Wikipedia, composition only). It is made by direct reaction of aluminium and carbon in an electric arc furnace, or from alumina and carbon, which gives carbon monoxide (Wikipedia). It has a rhombohedral structure, space group R3m (Wikipedia).", "parts": [ { "name": "Aluminium", "symbol": "Al", "role": "Metal component. Molten aluminium reacts with carbon or with SiC to form the carbide, so the carbide appears at the interface in aluminium composites." }, { "name": "Carbon", "symbol": "C", "role": "Non-metal component, supplied as carbon or taken from silicon carbide particles in aluminium composites." } ] }, "risk_groups": [ { "title": "For people", "lead": "The compound gives off flammable methane and heat when it meets water or moist air, and CAMEO lists it as a fire hazard with a DOT placard for dangerous when wet.", "points": [ { "label": "Water and moist air", "line": "Contact with water or moist air releases heat and flammable methane (CAMEO; Wikipedia). CAMEO calls this a dangerous fire risk." }, { "label": "Ignition", "line": "The material may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. A fire gives irritating, corrosive or toxic gases (CAMEO)." }, { "label": "Exposure", "line": "CAMEO says inhalation or contact with the vapors or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death, and that contact with water can form corrosive solutions." } ], "level": 0, "verdict": "Dangerous when wet; releases flammable methane" }, { "title": "If the powder meets water", "lead": "These points come from the CAMEO and Wikipedia descriptions of the reaction.", "points": [ { "label": "The reaction", "line": "Al4C3 + 12 H2O gives 4 Al(OH)3 and 3 CH4, with considerable heat (Wikipedia)." } ] } ] }, "updated": "2026-10-26", "review": { "status": "draft", "method": "assistant", "checked_values": 13, "unreachable": 3, "caveats": 4, "note": "Written in this run from pages read in this run: the NIST-JANAF C-139 table, the Wikipedia Al4C3 page (composition, properties, hydrolysis and preparation), the CAMEO Chemicals datasheet, the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 aluminum chapter (PDF text), and the USGS 2025 critical minerals page. Unreachable: PubChem (browser check), Springer carbon-fibre paper (redirect to login), University of Antwerp repository record (catalogue frame only). Coventry PDF returned a print cover only." }, "sources": { "janaf-al4c3": { "title": "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), crystalline phase C3Al4(cr)", "url": "https://janaf.nist.gov/tables/C-139.html", "kind": "database", "license": "NIST public data" }, "wikipedia-al4c3": { "title": "Wikipedia, Aluminium carbide (composition, structure, properties, hydrolysis and preparation only)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_carbide", "kind": "web", "license": "CC-BY-SA 4.0" }, "cameo-al4c3": { "title": "CAMEO Chemicals (NOAA), Chemical Datasheet, aluminum carbide (CAS 1299-86-1, ERG Guide 138 excerpt)", "url": "https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2381", "kind": "database", "license": "NOAA public data" }, "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum": { "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf", "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (USGS)" }, "usgs-crit2025": { "title": "USGS, About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (final list of 60 minerals)", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals", "kind": "web", "license": "public domain (USGS)" } }, "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-carbide/" }