{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "aluminium-7475",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "aluminium-alloys",
  "name": "Aluminium alloy 7475-T7351",
  "abbreviation": "7475-T7351",
  "role": "high-toughness wrought structural alloy (plate and sheet)",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "aluminium",
  "summary": "AA 7475 in the T7351 temper is a wrought aluminium-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy sold as plate and sheet. The supplier table gives a minimum yield strength of 414 MPa for product over 25.43 mm up to 38.10 mm thick, falling to 365 MPa in the thickest band it lists. The mfgrobots article calls the alloy high-toughness and names aerospace assemblies as its use.",
  "best_for": "Plate and sheet for aerospace structures where high strength and fracture toughness matter",
  "weakest_at": "Weldability (the supplier rates it poor) and stress-corrosion cracking where tensile stress runs across the grain",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Wrought Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr alloy, composition by weight per the mfgrobots AA 7475 (T7351) table: Al balance, Zn 5.2 to 6.2%, Mg 1.9 to 2.6%, Cu 1.2 to 1.9%, Cr 0.18 to 0.25%; Fe 0.12%, Si 0.1%, Mn 0.06% and Ti 0.06% are printed as single values. The article describes the alloy as derived from 7075.",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4202",
        "note": "sheet and plate",
        "source": "ref-7475",
        "where": "Designations line, AMS 4202 / AlZn5.5MgCu / 7475 / T7351"
      },
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "A97475",
        "source": "ref-7475",
        "where": "Sheet / Plate line, UNS A97475"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "3.4384",
        "source": "ref-7475",
        "where": "Sheet / Plate line, material number 3.4384"
      },
      {
        "system": "AA",
        "code": "7475",
        "source": "mfg-7475",
        "where": "Title line, AA 7475 (T7351)"
      }
    ],
    "source": "mfg-7475",
    "where": "Chemical Properties table, T7351; Title and body text"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [
      "stress-corrosion-cracking"
    ],
    "applications": [
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, T7351",
      "value": 2.81,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm³",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the General section of the mfgrobots article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "mfg-7475",
      "where": "General section, Density (condition T7351)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "MFG Robots article, AA 7475 (T7351) High-Toughness Aluminum Alloy",
        "url": "https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40535.html",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "Web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range",
      "value": 475,
      "value_high": 635,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "basis": "range as printed"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the Thermal section of the mfgrobots article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "mfg-7475",
      "where": "Thermal section, melting point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "MFG Robots article, AA 7475 (T7351) High-Toughness Aluminum Alloy",
        "url": "https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40535.html",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "Web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point, supplier table",
      "value": 477,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "single value as printed; no temper or product form stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The supplier gives one value and the article gives a range; both are recorded and neither overrides the other.",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Melting Point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity range",
      "value": 138,
      "value_high": 163,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "basis": "range as printed; temperature not stated"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the Thermal section of the mfgrobots article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "mfg-7475",
      "where": "Thermal section, thermal conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "MFG Robots article, AA 7475 (T7351) High-Toughness Aluminum Alloy",
        "url": "https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40535.html",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "Web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, supplier table",
      "value": 163,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m.K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "single value as printed; temperature and temper not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity",
      "value": 70,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Mechanical section of the mfgrobots article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "mfg-7475",
      "where": "Mechanical section, elastic modulus",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "MFG Robots article, AA 7475 (T7351) High-Toughness Aluminum Alloy",
        "url": "https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40535.html",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "Web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion",
      "value": 23,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "single value as printed; temperature range not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Expansion",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, supplier table",
      "value": 425,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "basis": "single value as printed; no thickness or product form stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Yield Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate strength, supplier table",
      "value": 510,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "basis": "single value as printed; no thickness or product form stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The mfgrobots article gives a different tensile value for the same temper; both are recorded.",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Ultimate Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, article",
      "value": 495,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "basis": "value printed alongside T7351; no thickness stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Mechanical section of the mfgrobots article",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The supplier table gives 510 MPa for the same temper; both are recorded and neither is preferred here.",
      "source": "mfg-7475",
      "where": "Mechanical section, tensile strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "MFG Robots article, AA 7475 (T7351) High-Toughness Aluminum Alloy",
        "url": "https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40535.html",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "Web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A50 mm, supplier table",
      "value": 12,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "gauge": "A50 mm",
        "basis": "single value as printed"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Elongation A50 mm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness",
      "label": "Hardness, supplier table",
      "value": 135,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HB",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "basis": "single value as printed"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Hardness",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Minimum yield strength, thickness over 25.43 to 38.10 mm",
      "value": 414,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "over 25.43 mm up to and including 38.10 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Delivery table by thickness, Yield Strength (Min.), first row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Minimum yield strength, thickness over 50.83 to 63.50 mm",
      "value": 393,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "over 50.83 mm up to and including 63.50 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Delivery table by thickness, Yield Strength (Min.), second row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Minimum yield strength, thickness over 76.25 to 88.90 mm",
      "value": 365,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "over 76.25 mm up to and including 88.90 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Delivery table by thickness, Yield Strength (Min.), third row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Minimum ultimate strength, thickness over 25.43 to 38.10 mm",
      "value": 490,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "over 25.43 mm up to and including 38.10 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Delivery table by thickness, Ultimate Strength (Min.), first row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Minimum ultimate strength, thickness over 50.83 to 63.50 mm",
      "value": 476,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "over 50.83 mm up to and including 63.50 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Delivery table by thickness, Ultimate Strength (Min.), second row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Minimum ultimate strength, thickness over 76.25 to 88.90 mm",
      "value": 448,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "over 76.25 mm up to and including 88.90 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Delivery table by thickness, Ultimate Strength (Min.), third row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Minimum elongation A50 mm, thickness over 25.43 to 38.10 mm",
      "value": 9,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "over 25.43 mm up to and including 38.10 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Delivery table by thickness, Elongation A50 mm % (Min.), first row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Minimum elongation A50 mm, thickness over 50.83 to 63.50 mm",
      "value": 8,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "over 50.83 mm up to and including 63.50 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Delivery table by thickness, Elongation A50 mm % (Min.), second row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Minimum elongation A50 mm, thickness over 76.25 to 88.90 mm",
      "value": 8,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "over 76.25 mm up to and including 88.90 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Delivery table by thickness, Elongation A50 mm % (Min.), third row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "fracture_toughness",
      "label": "Minimum fracture toughness, L-T orientation",
      "value": 41,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "ksi√in",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "1.250-4.000 in. (31.75-101.60 mm)",
        "orientation": "L-T",
        "basis": "minimum value; the page prints 41.0 (45.0), so the MPa√m equivalent is 45.0"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Minimum Fracture Toughness table on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The page prints the ksi√in value first and the MPa√m value in brackets.",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Minimum Fracture Toughness table, L-T column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "fracture_toughness",
      "label": "Minimum fracture toughness, T-L orientation",
      "value": 34,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "ksi√in",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T7351",
        "thickness": "1.250-4.000 in. (31.75-101.60 mm)",
        "orientation": "T-L",
        "basis": "minimum value; the page prints 34.0 (37.3), so the MPa√m equivalent is 37.3"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Minimum Fracture Toughness table on the supplier page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The page prints the ksi√in value first and the MPa√m value in brackets.",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Minimum Fracture Toughness table, T-L column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Tensile stress transverse to the grain structure",
      "headline": "The mfgrobots article says operational damage occurs in areas with tensile stress transverse to the grain.",
      "effect": "The article's stress-corrosion entry reads 'Operational damage in areas with tensile stresses transverse to the grain structure'. The article gives no crack-growth rate or test method.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative statement; no rating printed",
        "temper": "T7351"
      },
      "source": "mfg-7475",
      "where": "Corrosion Properties section, stress-corrosion entry"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Industrial or seawater atmosphere, without protection",
      "headline": "The article's general-corrosion wording is qualitative and carries no rate.",
      "effect": "The article's wording is 'general: good, without protection in industrial or seawater atmosphere'. It is read here as a word rating only, with no test basis printed.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative word rating; no test method or exposure time printed",
        "temper": "T7351"
      },
      "source": "mfg-7475",
      "where": "Corrosion Properties section, general corrosion entry"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Supplier characteristic rating",
      "headline": "The supplier lists corrosion resistance as high, a word rating only.",
      "effect": "The Characteristic Properties list on the supplier page reads 'Corrosion Resistance: High'. No test basis is printed next to it.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "word rating on a stockist page; no test method printed"
      },
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "Characteristic Properties list, Corrosion Resistance"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "PubChem's aluminium record includes 'H228: Flammable solid', 'H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air' and 'H261: In contact with water releases flammable gas'. These are component-level data and do not classify the 7475 alloy as supplied.",
        "ghs": [
          "H228",
          "H250",
          "H261"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-al",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 5359268)"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Stress-corrosion cracking",
        "trigger": "Tensile stress in the direction transverse to the grain structure, in a corrosive environment",
        "consequence": "The mfgrobots article reports operational damage in these areas; no rate or crack-growth data are printed.",
        "source": "mfg-7475",
        "where": "Corrosion Properties section, stress-corrosion entry"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Surface corrosion in industrial or seawater atmospheres",
        "trigger": "Exposure without protection",
        "consequence": "The article's wording is qualitative and quantifies no consequence.",
        "source": "mfg-7475",
        "where": "Corrosion Properties section, general corrosion entry"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "The article says that for machining the alloy works best in the annealed condition.",
        "source": "mfg-7475",
        "where": "Machining statement in the article body"
      },
      {
        "text": "No 7475 supplier safety data sheet was read. Obtain the SDS for the exact stock form before machining, grinding or welding.",
        "source": "pubchem-al",
        "where": "Gap: not an alloy SDS; PubChem component record only"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Aircraft and other aerospace assemblies",
      "example": "The mfgrobots article says the alloy is widely used where high strength is needed, including aircraft and other aerospace assemblies.",
      "source": "mfg-7475",
      "where": "Applications statement in the article body"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Aircraft fuselage panels, wing skins and high-strength fasteners",
      "example": "The Referans Metal page says \"Aircraft fuselage panels, wing skins, high-strength fasteners, and certain military system components are typical uses of this alloy.\"",
      "source": "ref-7475",
      "where": "\"From an application perspective\" paragraph, English product page"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Aluminium (primary smelter production; supply context for the base metal)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 60.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 4.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United Arab Emirates",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: about 3.6 million tons of aluminum were recovered from purchased scrap in the United States in 2025.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: composites can substitute for aluminum in aircraft fuselages and wings."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-al",
      "where": "World Smelter Production and Capacity table, 2025e; shares calculated by Space Mushroom from printed tonnages against the 74,000 thousand t world total (rounded); Recycling; Substitutes"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Zinc (alloying element)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 31.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Peru",
          "share_percent": 11.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Australia",
          "share_percent": 8.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 6.7,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-zn",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the 13,000 thousand t world total (rounded)"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Chromium (alloying element)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "South Africa",
          "share_percent": 45.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Turkey",
          "share_percent": 17.6,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "share_percent": 13.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.9,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-cr",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the 51,000 thousand t world total (rounded)"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Copper (alloying element)",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "USGS Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-cu",
      "where": "Summary text, critical minerals paragraph: the 2025 list published November 7, 2025 added copper"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Referans Metal product page, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202), English",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en"
    },
    {
      "title": "MFG Robots article, AA 7475 (T7351) High-Toughness Aluminum Alloy",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40535.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Zinc",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-zinc.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Copper",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Chromium",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem Aluminum, CID 5359268, GHS classification summary",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No 7475 supplier safety data sheet was read. Hazards rest on PubChem component records for aluminium, which do not classify the finished alloy.",
    "Supplier and article values disagree for tensile strength and melting point. Both are recorded side by side; no single value for the grade was chosen.",
    "A second supplier page prints density and elastic modulus with decimal commas. Those values were not recorded, because the printed form could not be matched to the value.",
    "Electrical conductivity, shear strength and Poisson's ratio were not recorded as this grade's own values: the sources give them as typical 7000-series values or in a form that could not be checked.",
    "Electrical resistivity and the mfgrobots coefficient of thermal expansion are printed with exponents and were left out.",
    "Hardness, fracture toughness and the yield and ultimate values by thickness are recorded under short names (hardness, fracture_toughness) because no canonical name exists for them in the property file.",
    "The supplier's minimum fracture-toughness values apply to the 1.250-4.000 in. (31.75-101.60 mm) thickness band only.",
    "Critical-mineral status for aluminium and zinc, and for chromium, was not found in the USGS summaries read. Copper is listed on the 2025 list.",
    "The USGS magnesium summary could not be read (the URL returned a web page, not the PDF), so magnesium supply is not included.",
    "Wikipedia's 7000-series table gives a composition for 7475 that differs from the supplier and article ranges. It is not used for any value in this profile.",
    "Corrosion and stress-corrosion statements carry no rating or rate from the source; ratings are recorded as unknown.",
    "No flight, vacuum, radiation or thermal-cycling data for 7475 were found.",
    "Titanium.com, Aerocom Metals, Dinco, Quickparts and MatWeb pages were not readable in this run (not found, refused or unreachable)."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "AA 7475 in the T7351 temper is a high-toughness wrought aluminium alloy sold as plate and sheet. Its alloying elements are zinc, magnesium and copper, with a small addition of chromium. The supplier table gives a minimum yield strength that falls with thickness, and minimum fracture toughness for thick plate. The mfgrobots article names aircraft and other aerospace assemblies as the main application. Where the two sources give different values, both are shown.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Aircraft and aerospace assemblies",
        "line": "The mfgrobots article says the alloy is widely used where high strength is needed, including aircraft and other aerospace assemblies."
      },
      {
        "where": "Aircraft fuselage panels, wing skins and fasteners",
        "line": "The Referans Metal page says aircraft fuselage panels, wing skins, high-strength fasteners and certain military system components are typical uses of this alloy."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "line": "The density is 2.81 g/cm³ for the T7351 condition, per the mfgrobots article.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield strength by thickness",
        "line": "The supplier's minimum yield strength is 414 MPa for product over 25.43 mm up to 38.10 mm thick, 393 MPa over 50.83 mm up to 63.50 mm and 365 MPa over 76.25 mm up to 88.90 mm.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Tensile strength",
        "line": "The supplier gives 510 MPa and the article gives 495 MPa for the same temper. Both are recorded, and neither is treated as the only value.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Fracture toughness",
        "line": "The supplier's minimum L-T fracture toughness is 41.0 ksi√in for plate of 1.250-4.000 in. (31.75-101.60 mm) thickness, and 34.0 ksi√in in the T-L orientation.",
        "benchmark": "fracture_toughness",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "line": "The article gives a thermal conductivity range of 138 to 163 W/(m·K), and the supplier gives 163 W/m.K as a single value.",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "The supplier rates corrosion resistance as high and strength as good, but it gives its strength values as minimums that depend on thickness, so values from different thickness bands should not be compared directly. The supplier's single yield value of 425 MPa has no thickness stated. This profile does not rank AA 7475 against other aluminium alloys because no other alloy's values were recorded here.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield strength",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Machine in the annealed condition, which the mfgrobots article says works best for machining.",
      "Get the supplier SDS for the exact stock form before machining, grinding or welding.",
      "Stock forms printed on the supplier page are plate and sheet."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Plate and sheet where high strength matters in the 25.43 mm to 38.10 mm thickness band (minimum yield 414 MPa).",
      "Aircraft and aerospace assemblies, as the mfgrobots article describes."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Weldability is listed as poor by the supplier.",
      "Stress-corrosion cracking is reported where tensile stress runs transverse to the grain structure.",
      "The tensile values disagree between the supplier (510 MPa) and the article (495 MPa)."
    ],
    "verdict": "AA 7475-T7351 is a high-strength plate and sheet alloy with stated aerospace uses, including aircraft fuselage panels and wing skins. The hazard entry rests on the PubChem component record for aluminium, not on an SDS for the alloy, and the gaps list says so.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "AA 7475 (T7351) is a wrought aluminium alloy whose main additions are zinc, magnesium and copper, with chromium as a minor addition. Its composition by weight is aluminium balance, zinc 5.2 to 6.2%, magnesium 1.9 to 2.6%, copper 1.2 to 1.9% and chromium 0.18 to 0.25%. Iron, silicon, manganese and titanium are printed as single values of 0.12%, 0.1%, 0.06% and 0.06%.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "The matrix metal of the wrought alloy.",
          "share_note": "balance"
        },
        {
          "name": "Zinc",
          "symbol": "Zn",
          "role": "The main hardening addition.",
          "share_percent": 5.2,
          "share_high": 6.2,
          "source": "mfg-7475",
          "where": "Chemical Properties table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Magnesium",
          "symbol": "Mg",
          "role": "Works with zinc and copper to harden the alloy.",
          "share_percent": 1.9,
          "share_high": 2.6,
          "source": "mfg-7475",
          "where": "Chemical Properties table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "Alloying addition that contributes to strength.",
          "share_percent": 1.2,
          "share_high": 1.9,
          "source": "mfg-7475",
          "where": "Chemical Properties table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "Minor addition that controls grain structure.",
          "share_percent": 0.18,
          "share_high": 0.25,
          "source": "mfg-7475",
          "where": "Chemical Properties table"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "No supplier safety data sheet for the finished 7475 alloy was read. PubChem's aluminium record carries hazard statements, but they are component-level and do not classify this alloy.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Component records",
            "line": "PubChem lists 'H228: Flammable solid', 'H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air' and 'H261: In contact with water releases flammable gas' for the aluminium record. These do not classify the finished alloy."
          }
        ],
        "gap": "No alloy SDS, and no data on machining dust or welding fume, was read.",
        "verdict": "No alloy-specific hazard classification found"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The article's documented failure concern is stress-corrosion cracking where tensile stress runs across the grain.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Stress-corrosion cracking",
            "line": "The article reports operational damage in areas with tensile stress transverse to the grain structure. It prints no rate."
          },
          {
            "label": "Surface corrosion",
            "line": "The article's general-corrosion wording is qualitative and carries no rate. The supplier lists corrosion resistance as high, with no test basis."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Machining",
            "line": "The article says that for machining the alloy works best in the annealed condition."
          },
          {
            "label": "Product SDS",
            "line": "Obtain the supplier SDS for the exact stock form before machining, grinding or welding."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-01",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 23,
    "unreachable": 5,
    "caveats": 5,
    "note": "Values read in this run from the Referans Metal 7475 T7351 page, the MFG Robots article, USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (aluminum, zinc, copper, chromium) and PubChem. Supplier and article values are recorded side by side where they differ. Shares are calculated from printed tonnages."
  },
  "sources": {
    "ref-7475": {
      "title": "Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English",
      "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "mfg-7475": {
      "title": "MFG Robots article, AA 7475 (T7351) High-Toughness Aluminum Alloy",
      "url": "https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40535.html",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "Web article (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-al": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "Public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-zn": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Zinc",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-zinc.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "Public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-cu": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Copper",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "Public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-cr": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Chromium",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "Public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "pubchem-al": {
      "title": "Aluminum, PubChem CID 5359268, GHS classification",
      "id": "CID 5359268",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem public data"
    },
    "wiki-al": {
      "title": "Aluminium alloy, Wikipedia (7000-series table, composition and history only)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA (cited)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-7475/"
}