{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "aluminium-7075",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "aluminium-alloys",
  "name": "Aluminium alloy 7075-T6",
  "abbreviation": "7075-T6",
  "role": "high-strength wrought structural alloy",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "aluminium",
  "summary": "Aluminium 7075 is a heat-treatable Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. This profile focuses on T6, for which the Kaiser tube and pipe datasheet reports typical yield strength of 503 MPa and tensile strength of 572 MPa on a 0.500 inch diameter specimen. NASA describes 7075 as an alloy used in launch vehicles and spacecraft, while its handbook warns that T6 is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking in the short transverse direction.",
  "best_for": "High-strength aluminium parts where low mass and wrought forms such as tube, plate, bar or forging are useful",
  "weakest_at": "Stress-corrosion cracking in the short-transverse direction in T6, and relatively poor corrosion resistance in industrial and marine environments",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Wrought Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr alloy; nominal composition by weight: Al balance, Zn 5.6%, Mg 2.5%, Cu 1.6%, Cr 0.3%",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "A97075",
        "source": "titanium-com-7075",
        "where": "Product heading, Aluminum Alloy 7075 UNS# A97075"
      },
      {
        "system": "AA",
        "code": "7075",
        "source": "dinco-7075",
        "where": "Heading, SIZES RANGE FOR AA 7075"
      },
      {
        "system": "ISO",
        "code": "AlZn5.5MgCu",
        "source": "quickparts-7075",
        "where": "Key Words line"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B209",
        "note": "plate",
        "source": "nasa-7075",
        "where": "Table 2.2, sheet and plate row, ASTM column (B209-71)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B210",
        "note": "cold drawn",
        "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
        "where": "Applicable Specifications, Cold Drawn column"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B211",
        "note": "bar",
        "source": "nasa-7075",
        "where": "Table 2.2, bar rod wire shapes rolled or drawn row, ASTM column (B211-71)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B221",
        "note": "extrusion",
        "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
        "where": "Applicable Specifications, Extruded column"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B241",
        "note": "extrusion",
        "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
        "where": "Applicable Specifications, Extruded column"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "WW-T-700/7",
        "note": "drawn seamless tube",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS-WWT-700/7 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "QQ-A-200/11",
        "note": "extrusion",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS-QQ-A-200/11 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "QQ-A-200/15",
        "note": "extrusion",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS-QQ-A-200/15 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "QQ-A-225/9",
        "note": "bar, rod, wire and shapes",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS-QQ-A-225/9 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "QQ-A-250/12",
        "note": "sheet and plate",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS-QQ-A-250/12 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4038",
        "note": "sheet and plate",
        "source": "nasa-7075",
        "where": "Table 2.2, sheet and plate row, AMS column (4038C)"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4044",
        "note": "sheet and plate",
        "source": "nasa-7075",
        "where": "Table 2.2, sheet and plate row, AMS column (4044D)"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4045",
        "note": "sheet and plate",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS4045 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4078",
        "note": "sheet and plate",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS4078 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4122",
        "note": "bar",
        "source": "nasa-7075",
        "where": "Table 2.2, rolled or drawn bar row, AMS column (4122E)"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4123",
        "note": "bar and rod",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS4123 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4124",
        "note": "bar, rod and wire",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS4124 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4154",
        "note": "extrusion",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS4154 row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4168",
        "note": "extrusion",
        "source": "nasa-7075",
        "where": "Table 2.2, extruded row, AMS column (4168C)"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4169",
        "note": "extrusion",
        "source": "aerocom-7075",
        "where": "Specification table, AMS4169 row"
      }
    ],
    "source": "nasa-7075",
    "where": "Tabular Abstract, Nominal Composition; Chapter 3, section 3.11"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [
      "launch",
      "low-earth-orbit"
    ],
    "stresses": [
      "stress-corrosion-cracking",
      "thermal-cycling"
    ],
    "applications": [
      "structures",
      "propulsion-and-tanks",
      "mechanisms"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Typical tensile strength, T6 tube and pipe",
      "value": 572,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube and pipe",
        "specimen": "0.500 inch diameter tensile specimen",
        "basis": "typical mechanical property"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, T6 row, Ultimate (MPa)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Typical tensile yield strength, T6 tube and pipe",
      "value": 503,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube and pipe",
        "specimen": "0.500 inch diameter tensile specimen",
        "basis": "typical mechanical property"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, T6 row, Yield (MPa)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, T6 tube and pipe",
      "value": 11,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube and pipe",
        "specimen": "0.500 inch diameter tensile specimen; elongation over 4D",
        "basis": "typical mechanical property"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, T6 row, Elongation/4D",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, T6 tube and pipe",
      "value": 71,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube and pipe",
        "basis": "typical mechanical property"
      },
      "method": "Metric value printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, T6 row, Modulus of Elasticity (GPa)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "fatigue_strength",
      "label": "Endurance limit, T6 tube and pipe",
      "value": 158,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube and pipe",
        "loading": "reversed stress, R.R. Moore type",
        "cycles": "5 x 10E8 cycles",
        "basis": "typical mechanical property"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table; the footnote states the reversed-stress cycle count",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, T6 row, Fatigue Endurance Limit (MPa) and footnote",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Nominal density",
      "value": 2.8,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "Mg/m3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "basis": "nominal density for 7075 tube and pipe alloy",
        "value_in_source": "2.80"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Physical Properties table, Nominal Density (68 °F/20 °C)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range",
      "value": 532,
      "value_high": 635,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product_form": "tube and pipe alloy",
        "basis": "melting range as printed"
      },
      "method": "Values printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Physical Properties table, Melting Range",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat at 100 °C",
      "value": 960,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/kg·K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "100 °C",
        "product_form": "tube and pipe alloy"
      },
      "method": "Metric value printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Physical Properties table, Specific Heat (212 °F/100 °C)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Linear coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 100 °C",
      "value": 23.4,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m·K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature_range": "20 °C to 100 °C",
        "product_form": "tube and pipe alloy",
        "basis": "linear expansion"
      },
      "method": "Metric value printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Physical Properties table, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Linear",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, T6 at 20 °C",
      "value": 130,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m·K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube and pipe alloy"
      },
      "method": "Metric value printed in the Kaiser tube and pipe technical data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Typical Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity (68 °F/20 °C), T6/T651 row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
        "id": "Revision 05/06",
        "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
        "year": 2006,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat at 100 °C, handbook value",
      "value": 0.23,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "cal/g·°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "100 °C",
        "temper": "not stated",
        "product_form": "not stated in the tabular abstract"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the NASA handbook tabular abstract; this separate value is retained in the source unit",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Tabular Abstract, Typical Physical Properties, Specific Heat",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Materials Data Handbook, Aluminum Alloy 7075, NASA CR-123768",
        "id": "NASA NTRS 19720022809, 1972",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720022809/downloads/19720022809.pdf?attachment=true",
        "year": 1972,
        "kind": "handbook",
        "license": "Public domain, U.S. Government work"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity, T6",
      "value": 5.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µΩ·cm",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "not stated in the tabular abstract"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the NASA handbook tabular abstract",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Tabular Abstract, Typical Physical Properties, Electrical Resistivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Materials Data Handbook, Aluminum Alloy 7075, NASA CR-123768",
        "id": "NASA NTRS 19720022809, 1972",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720022809/downloads/19720022809.pdf?attachment=true",
        "year": 1972,
        "kind": "handbook",
        "license": "Public domain, U.S. Government work"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "poissons_ratio",
      "label": "Poisson's ratio",
      "value": 0.33,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "-",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated",
        "product_form": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the NASA handbook section on Poisson's ratio",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Section 7.21, Poisson's ratio",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Materials Data Handbook, Aluminum Alloy 7075, NASA CR-123768",
        "id": "NASA NTRS 19720022809, 1972",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720022809/downloads/19720022809.pdf?attachment=true",
        "year": 1972,
        "kind": "handbook",
        "license": "Public domain, U.S. Government work"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shear_modulus",
      "label": "Design value of modulus of rigidity",
      "value": 3.9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "10^3 ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "all products and tempers per handbook",
        "product_form": "all products",
        "unit_in_source": "ksi x 10^3"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the NASA handbook; retained in the table's stated scale",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Section 7.24.1, Design value of modulus of rigidity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Materials Data Handbook, Aluminum Alloy 7075, NASA CR-123768",
        "id": "NASA NTRS 19720022809, 1972",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720022809/downloads/19720022809.pdf?attachment=true",
        "year": 1972,
        "kind": "handbook",
        "license": "Public domain, U.S. Government work"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Typical Young's modulus",
      "value": 10.4,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "10^3 ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated",
        "product_form": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "ksi x 10^3"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the NASA handbook",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Section 7.22.2, Typical value of Young's modulus",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Materials Data Handbook, Aluminum Alloy 7075, NASA CR-123768",
        "id": "NASA NTRS 19720022809, 1972",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720022809/downloads/19720022809.pdf?attachment=true",
        "year": 1972,
        "kind": "handbook",
        "license": "Public domain, U.S. Government work"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Mean coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 100 °C",
      "value": 23.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ppm/°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature_range": "20 °C to 100 °C",
        "temper": "not stated",
        "product_form": "not stated in the tabular abstract"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the NASA handbook tabular abstract; retained as a mean coefficient for its stated interval",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Tabular Abstract, Typical Physical Properties, Average Coefficient of Thermal Expansion",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Materials Data Handbook, Aluminum Alloy 7075, NASA CR-123768",
        "id": "NASA NTRS 19720022809, 1972",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720022809/downloads/19720022809.pdf?attachment=true",
        "year": 1972,
        "kind": "handbook",
        "license": "Public domain, U.S. Government work"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Industrial and marine exposure",
      "headline": "7075 is attacked in industrial and marine environments; its T6 temper is susceptible to short-transverse stress-corrosion cracking.",
      "effect": "The NASA handbook describes good corrosion resistance in rural atmospheres, but says 7075 is attacked by industrial and marine environments and is less resistant in most environments than other wrought aluminium alloys. It reports that T6 has high stress-corrosion resistance in longitudinal and long-transverse directions but is susceptible in the short-transverse direction.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative handbook findings; no general corrosion rate given",
        "temper": "T6",
        "stress_direction": "short transverse direction is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking"
      },
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Chapter 10, sections 10.1 and 10.2"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Stress with chloride exposure",
      "headline": "The Kaiser sheet gives a lower stress-corrosion rating for T6 than for T73.",
      "effect": "The datasheet explains that the ratings use service experience and laboratory tests, including 3.5% sodium chloride alternate immersion, and gives T6 a C rating and T73 a B rating.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "relative rating, not a corrosion rate",
        "test_environment": "3.5% sodium chloride alternate immersion",
        "temper": "T6"
      },
      "source": "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe",
      "where": "Comparative Characteristics table and footnote 2"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Stress-corrosion cracking mechanism",
      "headline": "A NASA Tech Brief proposes a two-phase anodic path model for cracking in 7075.",
      "effect": "The abstract describes a model in which the continuous anodic path along which the metal is preferentially attacked consists of two phases that alternate as anodes.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative proposed mechanism; no crack-growth rate recorded here",
        "material": "7075 aluminium alloy"
      },
      "source": "nasa-scc-7075",
      "where": "Abstract"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "PubChem's aluminium metal record aggregates GHS classifications including flammable solid, spontaneous ignition in air, and flammable gas release on contact with water. This is component-level information and is not a classification of solid 7075 alloy.",
        "ghs": [
          "H228",
          "H250",
          "H261"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-aluminium",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 5359268)"
      },
      {
        "text": "PubChem's magnesium metal record includes GHS statements for flammable solid and flammable gas release on contact with water. The record does not classify 7075 alloy.",
        "ghs": [
          "H228",
          "H260"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-magnesium",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 5462224)"
      },
      {
        "text": "PubChem's zinc metal record includes GHS statements for spontaneous ignition in air, flammable gas release on contact with water, and aquatic toxicity. These component-level data do not classify 7075 alloy.",
        "ghs": [
          "H250",
          "H260",
          "H400",
          "H410"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-zinc",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 23994)"
      },
      {
        "text": "PubChem's copper record includes GHS statements for aquatic toxicity; these component-level data do not classify 7075 alloy.",
        "ghs": [
          "H400",
          "H410"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-copper",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 23978)"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Stress-corrosion cracking",
        "trigger": "Sustained tensile stress in a corrosive environment, particularly in the short-transverse direction of T6 product",
        "consequence": "The NASA handbook identifies susceptibility of 7075-T6 in the short-transverse direction; it reports better resistance in T73.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "nasa-7075",
        "where": "Chapter 10, section 10.2"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Corrosion in industrial or marine environments",
        "trigger": "Exposure to marine spray or industrial atmosphere",
        "consequence": "The handbook says 7075 is attacked in these environments and is generally less resistant than other wrought aluminium alloys.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "nasa-7075",
        "where": "Chapter 10, section 10.2"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "The sources do not provide a safety data sheet for 7075-T6 as supplied. Obtain the exact product's SDS before machining, grinding, welding or handling dust.",
        "source": "pubchem-aluminium",
        "where": "Gap: no 7075-T6 supplier SDS was read; PubChem component record is not an alloy SDS"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "The NASA handbook describes Alclad 7075 sheet and plate, with a 7072 cladding layer selected to provide corrosion protection to the 7075 core.",
        "source": "nasa-7075",
        "where": "Chapter 10, sections 10.2 and 10.3"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Aircraft structures and airframe parts",
      "example": "The NASA handbook lists aircraft structures as a typical 7075 application and describes engine nacelle covers and contoured wing-skin panels.",
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Chapter 1, section 1.3; Chapter 5, section 5.211"
    },
    {
      "application": "mechanisms",
      "device": "High-pressure hydraulic units",
      "example": "The NASA handbook lists high-pressure hydraulic units among typical applications of 7075.",
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Chapter 1, section 1.3"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Launch vehicles and spacecraft",
      "example": "The handbook says structural alloy 7075 has been used in launch vehicles and spacecraft and discusses its behaviour in the space environment.",
      "source": "nasa-7075",
      "where": "Chapter 6, section 6.1"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Aluminium (primary smelter production; supply context for the alloy's base metal)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 60.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 4.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United Arab Emirates",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS reports that about 3.6 million tons of aluminium were recovered from purchased scrap in the United States in 2025; about 56% was new scrap and 44% old scrap.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS says composites can substitute for aluminium in aircraft fuselages and wings, and magnesium, steel or titanium can substitute in ground transportation."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-aluminium",
      "where": "World Smelter Production and Capacity table, 2025e; producer shares calculated from printed country tonnages and world total of 74,000 thousand metric tons; Recycling; Substitutes"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data, revision 05/06",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
      "year": 2006
    },
    {
      "title": "Materials Data Handbook, Aluminum Alloy 7075, NASA CR-123768",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720022809/downloads/19720022809.pdf?attachment=true",
      "year": 1972
    },
    {
      "title": "The mechanism of stress-corrosion cracking in 7075 aluminum alloy, NASA Tech Brief MFS-18614",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19700000509.pdf",
      "year": 1970
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem Aluminum, CID 5359268, PUG View GHS classification",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem Magnesium, CID 5462224, PUG View GHS classification",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5462224"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem Zinc, CID 23994, PUG View GHS classification",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23994"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem Copper, CID 23978, PUG View GHS classification",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23978"
    },
    {
      "title": "Titanium.com, Aluminum Alloy 7075 product page",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://titanium.com/alloys/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-alloy-7075/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Dinco Trading, Aluminium Alloy 7075 data sheet",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.dinco.ae/files/aluminium-alloy-7075-data-sheet.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Quickparts, Aluminum 7075 datasheet, cites ASM MatWeb",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://quickparts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Aluminum-7075.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Aerocom Metals, Aluminium Alloy 7075 specification table",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://aerocommetals.co.uk/featured-inventory/aluminium-alloy-7075/"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No atomic weights were added; recipe composition is given as weight percentages from the source.",
    "No 7075-T6 supplier SDS was read. PubChem component records are not classifications for the finished alloy, and hazards for alloy dust or welding fume remain unknown here.",
    "USGS supply data describe primary aluminium, not production or market shares for 7075 alloy or its zinc, magnesium, copper and chromium inputs.",
    "The producer shares are calculated from USGS tonnages and the rounded world total, so they are approximate shares of primary aluminium production.",
    "No critical-mineral-list status for the alloying elements was checked.",
    "The numerical mechanical properties are typical tube and pipe data from Kaiser, not design allowables. NASA handbook properties do not state product form where noted.",
    "No quantitative stress-corrosion crack-growth rate for 7075-T6 was recorded; corrosion statements here are qualitative ratings or directional susceptibility.",
    "No 7075-T6-specific in-space flight exposure result was read; the NASA handbook statements describe aluminium alloys and the 7075 material family.",
    "Designations not found in any page read in this run, so not added: EN AW-7075 and its chemical name, EN material number 3.4365, the DIN name, AFNOR A-Z5GU and JIS A7075.",
    "Not reached in this run: Aalco, Constellium, the Aluminum Association and ASM MatWeb (asm.matweb.com timed out). Xometry returned 403, and Alloys International, Suppliers Online and TW Metals returned no readable text.",
    "Clad 7075 specifications (AMS 4046, AMS 4047, AMS 4048, AMS 4049, QQ-A-250/13, QQ-A-250/18, MIL-A-8902) cover Alclad 7075, a different product, so they are not listed as designations of this alloy.",
    "Forging, rivet and impact-extrusion specifications in NASA Table 2.2 (AMS 4139, AMS 4170, ASTM B247, ASTM B316, QQ-A-367, QQ-A-430, MIL-A-12545, MIL-A-22771) are not sheet, plate, bar or extrusion products and are not listed.",
    "NASA Table 2.2 is specified as of May 1971, so its AMS and ASTM revision letters were not checked against current issues."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "7075 is a high-strength wrought aluminium alloy whose main additions are zinc, magnesium, copper and chromium. The NASA handbook describes it as heat treatable and lists structural applications, including aircraft structures and hydraulic systems. This profile focuses on T6 and tubular product values where the Kaiser datasheet names both. T6 offers high strength, while the NASA handbook identifies short-transverse stress-corrosion cracking as a limitation and reports better resistance for T73.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Aircraft structures and airframe parts",
        "line": "The NASA handbook lists aircraft structures as a typical application and gives examples including engine nacelle covers and contoured wing-skin panels."
      },
      {
        "where": "High-pressure hydraulic units",
        "line": "The NASA handbook lists high-pressure hydraulic units among typical 7075 applications."
      },
      {
        "where": "Launch vehicles and spacecraft",
        "line": "The NASA handbook says structural alloy 7075 has been used in launch vehicles and spacecraft and discusses its space-environment behaviour."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Tensile strength",
        "line": "The Kaiser tube and pipe datasheet reports typical T6 tensile strength of 572 MPa and yield strength of 503 MPa for a 0.500 inch diameter specimen.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "572 MPa"
      },
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "line": "The datasheet gives a nominal density of 2.80 Mg/m3 at 20 °C.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "2.80 Mg/m3"
      },
      {
        "label": "Heat conduction",
        "line": "The datasheet reports thermal conductivity of 130 W/m·K for T6 and T651 at 20 °C.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "130 W/m·K"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal expansion",
        "line": "The linear coefficient of thermal expansion is 23.4 µm/m·K over 20 to 100 °C.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "23.4 µm/m·K"
      },
      {
        "label": "Fatigue",
        "line": "Kaiser lists a typical endurance limit of 158 MPa under reversed stress in its R.R. Moore type test, with the datasheet's stated cycle count.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "158 MPa"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "In Kaiser's comparative table, 7075-T6 has a C general-corrosion rating and a C stress-corrosion rating, while T73 has a C general-corrosion rating and a B stress-corrosion rating. The handbook also says T6 is susceptible to cracking in the short-transverse direction. The present profile does not include values for other alloys, so it does not rank 7075 against them.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield strength",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Use the supplier SDS for the exact stock form and any machining or welding process.",
      "Consider product direction and corrosive exposure when evaluating T6 parts for stress-corrosion cracking.",
      "The NASA handbook describes Alclad sheet and plate as a corrosion-protection option."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "T6 tube and pipe where high strength is useful; the datasheet gives typical yield strength of 503 MPa.",
      "Wrought aircraft structures, airframe panels and hydraulic units named in the NASA handbook.",
      "Spacecraft and launch-vehicle structural applications discussed in the NASA handbook."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "T6 is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking in the short-transverse direction.",
      "The NASA handbook reports attack in industrial and marine environments.",
      "The mechanical values here are typical tubular-product values, not design allowables.",
      "No 7075-T6 supplier SDS or alloy-specific flight exposure record was read."
    ],
    "verdict": "7075-T6 combines high typical strength with aircraft and spacecraft structural precedent. Its main documented limitation here is stress-corrosion susceptibility, especially in the short-transverse direction, and the profile does not establish product-specific hazards or design allowables.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "NASA describes 7075 as a wrought, heat-treatable aluminium alloy. Its nominal composition is aluminium balance with zinc, magnesium, copper and chromium as the main alloying elements. The Kaiser tube and pipe composition limits are for the product family and are not substituted for the nominal recipe listed here.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "The matrix metal of the wrought alloy.",
          "share_note": "balance"
        },
        {
          "name": "Zinc",
          "symbol": "Zn",
          "role": "Principal hardening addition in the nominal recipe.",
          "share_percent": 5.6
        },
        {
          "name": "Magnesium",
          "symbol": "Mg",
          "role": "Principal hardening addition in the nominal recipe.",
          "share_percent": 2.5
        },
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "Alloying addition in the nominal recipe.",
          "share_percent": 1.6
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "Alloying addition in the nominal recipe.",
          "share_percent": 0.3
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "PubChem component records include hazards for metal forms, but they do not classify 7075-T6 as supplied.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Component records",
            "line": "PubChem lists GHS statements for aluminium, magnesium, zinc and copper records. These are component-level records and should not be treated as the alloy's GHS classification."
          }
        ],
        "gap": "No supplier safety data sheet for 7075-T6 or its machining dust and welding fume was read.",
        "verdict": "Alloy-specific health classification was not established."
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The NASA handbook identifies stress-corrosion cracking and corrosion in industrial or marine settings as concerns for 7075.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Stress-corrosion cracking",
            "line": "T6 is susceptible in the short-transverse direction under stress-corrosion conditions; the handbook describes better resistance in T73."
          },
          {
            "label": "Surface corrosion",
            "line": "The handbook says industrial and marine environments attack 7075; cladding is one described protection method."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Product-specific safety information",
            "line": "Use the supplier SDS for the exact stock form and process, especially where machining dust or welding fume can be generated."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-20",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 16,
    "unreachable": 0,
    "caveats": 5,
    "note": "Values read from the Kaiser 7075 tube and pipe datasheet, NASA CR-123768, USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 Aluminum, and PubChem PUG View hazard records. Strength values are typical T6 tubular-product data. NASA handbook values with unspecified product form are explicitly marked that way. USGS shares are calculated from printed tonnages and rounded world production."
  },
  "sources": {
    "kaiser-7075-tube-pipe": {
      "title": "Kaiser Aluminum, Tube and Pipe Alloy 7075 Technical Data",
      "id": "Revision 05/06",
      "url": "https://online.kaiseraluminum.com/depot/PublicProductInformation/Document/1042/Kaiser_Aluminum_7075_Tube_and_Pipe.pdf",
      "year": 2006,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "nasa-7075": {
      "title": "Materials Data Handbook, Aluminum Alloy 7075, NASA CR-123768",
      "id": "NASA NTRS 19720022809, 1972",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720022809/downloads/19720022809.pdf?attachment=true",
      "year": 1972,
      "kind": "handbook",
      "license": "Public domain, U.S. Government work"
    },
    "nasa-scc-7075": {
      "title": "The mechanism of stress-corrosion cracking in 7075 aluminum alloy",
      "id": "A. J. Jacobs, NASA Tech Brief MFS-18614, NASA NTRS 19700000509",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19700000509.pdf",
      "year": 1970,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "Public domain, U.S. Government work"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-aluminium": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum",
      "id": "USGS, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "Public domain, U.S. Government work"
    },
    "pubchem-aluminium": {
      "title": "Aluminum, PubChem CID 5359268, PUG View GHS record",
      "id": "PUG View JSON, read during this profile research",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem public data"
    },
    "pubchem-magnesium": {
      "title": "Magnesium, PubChem CID 5462224, PUG View GHS record",
      "id": "PUG View JSON, read during this profile research",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5462224",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem public data"
    },
    "pubchem-zinc": {
      "title": "Zinc, PubChem CID 23994, PUG View GHS record",
      "id": "PUG View JSON, read during this profile research",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23994",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem public data"
    },
    "pubchem-copper": {
      "title": "Copper, PubChem CID 23978, PUG View GHS record",
      "id": "PUG View JSON, read during this profile research",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23978",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem public data"
    },
    "titanium-com-7075": {
      "title": "Aluminum Alloy 7075 product page, Titanium.com",
      "url": "https://titanium.com/alloys/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-alloy-7075/",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "Stockist web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "dinco-7075": {
      "title": "Aluminium Alloy 7075 data sheet, Dinco Trading",
      "url": "https://www.dinco.ae/files/aluminium-alloy-7075-data-sheet.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Stockist datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "quickparts-7075": {
      "title": "Aluminum 7075 datasheet, Quickparts, cites ASM MatWeb",
      "url": "https://quickparts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Aluminum-7075.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "aerocom-7075": {
      "title": "Aluminium Alloy 7075 specification table, Aerocom Metals",
      "url": "https://aerocommetals.co.uk/featured-inventory/aluminium-alloy-7075/",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "Stockist web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-7075/"
}