{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "aluminium-6063",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "aluminium-alloys",
  "name": "Aluminium alloy 6063",
  "abbreviation": "6063",
  "role": "architectural extrusion alloy",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "aluminium",
  "summary": "6063 is an aluminium alloy with magnesium and silicon as its main additions, and Alloys International calls it the architectural extrusion alloy. It extrudes into thin walls and intricate shapes and takes the smooth, uniform surface that anodising needs. Its strength is moderate, with a minimum T6 tensile strength of 195 to 215 MPa for the extruded forms in BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM, and its welding is rated excellent.",
  "best_for": "Architectural extrusions such as window and door frames, rails and trim that need a smooth anodised finish (Alloys International; AZoM).",
  "weakest_at": "Strength: Alloys International says 6061 is the higher-strength choice for structural parts, and no space-environment, cryogenic or galvanic data were found for 6063.",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Al-Mg-Si alloy; composition limits in wt%: Al balance, Mg 0.45 to 0.9, Si 0.2 to 0.6, Fe 0 to 0.35, Cu 0 to 0.1, Mn 0 to 0.1, Zn 0 to 0.1, Ti 0 to 0.1, Cr max 0.1",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "3.3206",
        "source": "alloysintl-6063",
        "where": "Designations and cross reference table, Werkstoff (W.Nr) 3.3206"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN name",
        "code": "EN AW-6063",
        "source": "alloysintl-6063",
        "where": "Designations and cross reference table, EN designation EN AW-6063 / AlMg0.7Si"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN name",
        "code": "AlMg0.7Si",
        "note": "chemical-symbol form of the EN name",
        "source": "alloysintl-6063",
        "where": "Designations and cross reference table, EN designation, name after the slash"
      },
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "A96063",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), UNS A96063"
      },
      {
        "system": "AA",
        "code": "6063",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), AA6063"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B210",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), ASTM B210"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B221",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), ASTM B221"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B241",
        "note": "pipe, seamless",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), ASTM B241 (Pipe- Seamless)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B345",
        "note": "pipe, seamless",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), ASTM B345 (Pipe- Seamless)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B361",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), ASTM B361"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B429",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), ASTM B429"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B483",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), ASTM B483"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B491",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), ASTM B491"
      },
      {
        "system": "MIL",
        "code": "G-18014",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), MIL G-18014"
      },
      {
        "system": "MIL",
        "code": "G-18015",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), MIL G-18015"
      },
      {
        "system": "MIL",
        "code": "P-25995",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), MIL P-25995"
      },
      {
        "system": "MIL",
        "code": "W-85",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), MIL W-85"
      },
      {
        "system": "QQ",
        "code": "QQA-200/9",
        "source": "alloysintl-6063",
        "where": "Specifications list, QQA-200/9"
      },
      {
        "system": "SAE",
        "code": "J454",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Alloy Designations list (page groups 6063 with 6063A), SAE J454"
      }
    ],
    "source": "azom-6063",
    "where": "Table 1, 6063 column (composition in % by weight); the Mg and Si limits match the nominal chemistry on the Alloys International page"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures",
      "thermal-control"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, typical, T5",
      "value": 27,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T5",
        "product_form": "not stated (the page says values vary with section size, product form and processing)",
        "basis": "typical value printed with a tilde (approximate); the page says for reference only, not for design"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier table (Alloys International, typical mechanical properties)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "alloysintl-6063",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row T5, column Tensile strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloys International: 6063 grade page (W.Nr 3.3206, EN AW-6063 / AlMg0.7Si, nominal chemistry, typical T5 and T6 values, applications)",
        "id": "Alloys International (stockist), Ronkonkoma, NY; grade page for 6063",
        "url": "https://alloysintl.com/inventory/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-6063/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, typical, T5",
      "value": 21,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T5",
        "product_form": "not stated (the page says values vary with section size, product form and processing)",
        "basis": "typical value printed with a tilde (approximate); the page says for reference only, not for design"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier table (Alloys International, typical mechanical properties)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "alloysintl-6063",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row T5, column Yield strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloys International: 6063 grade page (W.Nr 3.3206, EN AW-6063 / AlMg0.7Si, nominal chemistry, typical T5 and T6 values, applications)",
        "id": "Alloys International (stockist), Ronkonkoma, NY; grade page for 6063",
        "url": "https://alloysintl.com/inventory/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-6063/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, typical, T5",
      "value": 8,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T5",
        "product_form": "not stated (the page says values vary with section size, product form and processing)",
        "basis": "typical value printed with a tilde (approximate); the page says for reference only, not for design"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier table (Alloys International, typical mechanical properties)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "alloysintl-6063",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row T5, column Elongation",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloys International: 6063 grade page (W.Nr 3.3206, EN AW-6063 / AlMg0.7Si, nominal chemistry, typical T5 and T6 values, applications)",
        "id": "Alloys International (stockist), Ronkonkoma, NY; grade page for 6063",
        "url": "https://alloysintl.com/inventory/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-6063/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, typical, T6",
      "value": 35,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "not stated (the page says values vary with section size, product form and processing)",
        "basis": "typical value printed with a tilde (approximate); the page says for reference only, not for design"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier table (Alloys International, typical mechanical properties)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "alloysintl-6063",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row T6, column Tensile strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloys International: 6063 grade page (W.Nr 3.3206, EN AW-6063 / AlMg0.7Si, nominal chemistry, typical T5 and T6 values, applications)",
        "id": "Alloys International (stockist), Ronkonkoma, NY; grade page for 6063",
        "url": "https://alloysintl.com/inventory/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-6063/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, typical, T6",
      "value": 31,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "not stated (the page says values vary with section size, product form and processing)",
        "basis": "typical value printed with a tilde (approximate); the page says for reference only, not for design"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier table (Alloys International, typical mechanical properties)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "alloysintl-6063",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row T6, column Yield strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloys International: 6063 grade page (W.Nr 3.3206, EN AW-6063 / AlMg0.7Si, nominal chemistry, typical T5 and T6 values, applications)",
        "id": "Alloys International (stockist), Ronkonkoma, NY; grade page for 6063",
        "url": "https://alloysintl.com/inventory/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-6063/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, typical, T6",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "not stated (the page says values vary with section size, product form and processing)",
        "basis": "typical value printed with a tilde (approximate); the page says for reference only, not for design"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier table (Alloys International, typical mechanical properties)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "alloysintl-6063",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row T6, column Elongation",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Alloys International: 6063 grade page (W.Nr 3.3206, EN AW-6063 / AlMg0.7Si, nominal chemistry, typical T5 and T6 values, applications)",
        "id": "Alloys International (stockist), Ronkonkoma, NY; grade page for 6063",
        "url": "https://alloysintl.com/inventory/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-6063/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Proof stress, minimum, T4 extruded rod and bar",
      "value": 90,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4",
        "product_form": "extruded rod and bar",
        "size": "up to 150 mm diameter or across flats (A/F)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min; the table prints the name Proof Stress"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (c), row Proof Stress",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, minimum, T4 extruded rod and bar",
      "value": 150,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4",
        "product_form": "extruded rod and bar",
        "size": "up to 150 mm diameter or across flats (A/F)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (c), row Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A50 mm, minimum, T4 extruded rod and bar",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4",
        "product_form": "extruded rod and bar",
        "size": "up to 150 mm diameter or across flats (A/F)",
        "gauge": "A50 mm",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (c), row Elongation A50 mm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A, minimum, T4 extruded rod and bar",
      "value": 12,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4",
        "product_form": "extruded rod and bar",
        "size": "up to 150 mm diameter or across flats (A/F)",
        "gauge": "A (printed as Elongation A; gauge length not printed)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (c), row Elongation A",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Proof stress, minimum, T6 rod and bar up to 150 mm",
      "value": 170,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "rod and bar",
        "size": "up to 150 mm diameter and across flats (A/F)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min; the table prints the name Proof Stress"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (d), row Proof Stress",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, minimum, T6 rod and bar up to 150 mm",
      "value": 215,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "rod and bar",
        "size": "up to 150 mm diameter and across flats (A/F)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (d), row Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A50 mm, minimum, T6 rod and bar up to 150 mm",
      "value": 8,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "rod and bar",
        "size": "up to 150 mm diameter and across flats (A/F)",
        "gauge": "A50 mm",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (d), row Elongation A50 mm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A, minimum, T6 rod and bar up to 150 mm",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "rod and bar",
        "size": "up to 150 mm diameter and across flats (A/F)",
        "gauge": "A (printed as Elongation A; gauge length not printed)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (d), row Elongation A",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Proof stress, minimum, T6 rod and bar 150 to 200 mm",
      "value": 160,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "rod and bar",
        "size": "150 mm to 200 mm diameter and across flats (A/F)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min; the table prints the name Proof Stress"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (e), row Proof Stress",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, minimum, T6 rod and bar 150 to 200 mm",
      "value": 195,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "rod and bar",
        "size": "150 mm to 200 mm diameter and across flats (A/F)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (e), row Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A, minimum, T6 rod and bar 150 to 200 mm",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "rod and bar",
        "size": "150 mm to 200 mm diameter and across flats (A/F)",
        "gauge": "A (printed as Elongation A; gauge length not printed)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (e), row Elongation A",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Proof stress, minimum, T6 tube up to 25 mm wall",
      "value": 170,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube",
        "size": "up to 25 mm wall thickness",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min; the table prints the name Proof Stress"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (f), row Proof Stress",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, minimum, T6 tube up to 25 mm wall",
      "value": 215,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube",
        "size": "up to 25 mm wall thickness",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (f), row Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A50 mm, minimum, T6 tube up to 25 mm wall",
      "value": 8,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube",
        "size": "up to 25 mm wall thickness",
        "gauge": "A50 mm",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (f), row Elongation A50 mm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A, minimum, T6 tube up to 25 mm wall",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "tube",
        "size": "up to 25 mm wall thickness",
        "gauge": "A (printed as Elongation A; gauge length not printed)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (f), row Elongation A",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Proof stress, minimum, T6 profiles up to 10 mm wall",
      "value": 170,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "profiles",
        "size": "up to 10 mm wall thickness",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min; the table prints the name Proof Stress"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (g), row Proof Stress",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, minimum, T6 profiles up to 10 mm wall",
      "value": 215,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "profiles",
        "size": "up to 10 mm wall thickness",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (g), row Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A50 mm, minimum, T6 profiles up to 10 mm wall",
      "value": 6,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "profiles",
        "size": "up to 10 mm wall thickness",
        "gauge": "A50 mm",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (g), row Elongation A50 mm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A, minimum, T6 profiles up to 10 mm wall",
      "value": 8,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "profiles",
        "size": "up to 10 mm wall thickness",
        "gauge": "A (printed as Elongation A; gauge length not printed)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (g), row Elongation A",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Proof stress, minimum, T6 profiles 10 to 25 mm wall",
      "value": 160,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "profiles",
        "size": "10 mm to 25 mm wall thickness",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min; the table prints the name Proof Stress"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (h), row Proof Stress",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, minimum, T6 profiles 10 to 25 mm wall",
      "value": 195,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "profiles",
        "size": "10 mm to 25 mm wall thickness",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (h), row Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A50 mm, minimum, T6 profiles 10 to 25 mm wall",
      "value": 6,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "profiles",
        "size": "10 mm to 25 mm wall thickness",
        "gauge": "A50 mm",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (h), row Elongation A50 mm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A, minimum, T6 profiles 10 to 25 mm wall",
      "value": 8,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6",
        "product_form": "profiles",
        "size": "10 mm to 25 mm wall thickness",
        "gauge": "A (printed as Elongation A; gauge length not printed)",
        "standard": "BS EN 755-2 as printed by AZoM",
        "basis": "minimum value printed as Min"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value in a table of BS EN 755-2 requirements (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 2 (h), row Elongation A",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density",
      "value": 2700,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kg/m3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "value printed in Table 4, physical properties"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a physical-properties table (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 4, row Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point",
      "value": 600,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "single value printed; no range given"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a physical-properties table (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 4, row Melting Point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity",
      "value": 69.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a physical-properties table (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 4, row Modulus of Elasticity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity",
      "value": 0.35,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µΩ·m",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "0.35 x 10 -6 Ω.m"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a physical-properties table (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco); written in µΩ·m, the same unit as the printed x 10 -6 Ω.m, which is kept in conditions.unit_in_source",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 4, row Electrical Resistivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity",
      "value": 200,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "W/m.K"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a physical-properties table (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco); the printed unit W/m.K is the same unit",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 4, row Thermal Conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Thermal expansion coefficient",
      "value": 23.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ppm/K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "x 10 -6 /K"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a physical-properties table (AZoM article, sourced from Aalco); x 10^-6 /K is the same as ppm/K, and the printed form is kept in conditions.unit_in_source",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Table 4, row Thermal Expansion",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
        "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "General service (no environment named in the source)",
      "headline": "AZoM describes 6063 as having high corrosion resistance",
      "effect": "AZoM says 6063 has a good surface finish, high corrosion resistance, is readily suited to welding and can be easily anodised. The page names no environment, test or rate.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative statement in the article introduction"
      },
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Introduction paragraph"
    },
    {
      "environment": "General service (no environment named in the source)",
      "headline": "Alloys International lists good corrosion resistance among its reasons to specify 6063",
      "effect": "Alloys International lists good corrosion resistance and weldability under Why engineers specify 6063. It gives no environment, test or rate.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative statement on a supplier page"
      },
      "source": "alloysintl-6063",
      "where": "Why engineers specify 6063 list"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "PubChem aggregated GHS for aluminum metal (4,079 company reports): H261 in 90.8% of reports (in contact with water releases flammable gas), H228 in 60.6% (flammable solid) and H250 in 34.2% (catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air). 8.3% of reports say it does not meet GHS criteria. These are element-level statements, not a classification of 6063 as supplied.",
        "ghs": [
          "H261",
          "H228",
          "H250"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-al",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 5359268)"
      },
      {
        "text": "PubChem aggregated GHS for magnesium metal (2,205 company reports): H228 in 44.9% of reports, H250 in 36.5%, H252 in 18% (self-heating in large quantities), H260 in 36.7% and H261 in 44.8%. 18.4% of reports say it does not meet GHS criteria. These are element-level statements, not a classification of 6063.",
        "ghs": [
          "H228",
          "H250",
          "H252",
          "H260",
          "H261"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-mg",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 5462224)"
      },
      {
        "text": "PubChem aggregated GHS for silicon (3,263 company reports): 96.3% of reports say it does not meet GHS criteria. For the 121 reports that give hazard codes, PubChem shows no code above 10%, so none is listed. This is an element-level statement.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "pubchem-si",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 5461123)"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Movement of thick plate when large volumes are machined off",
        "trigger": "Removing large volumes of material from thick plate",
        "consequence": "The part can move. Alloys International says stress-relieved tempers limit this movement.",
        "source": "alloysintl-6063",
        "where": "Fabrication notes, Machining"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Heat-treatable alloys cut cleanest in the T temper. Thick plate benefits from a stress-relieved temper to limit movement when large volumes of material are removed.",
        "source": "alloysintl-6063",
        "where": "Fabrication notes, Machining"
      },
      {
        "text": "Form in the annealed or freshly solution treated condition where the temper allows, then age to final strength. Bend radii follow the temper and thickness in the governing specification.",
        "source": "alloysintl-6063",
        "where": "Fabrication notes, Forming"
      },
      {
        "text": "Suitable for all conventional welding methods. Welding wire is generally 5183 or 4043; 4043 where maximum electrical conductivity is needed; 5346 for strength and conductivity, with a larger weld to make up for lower conductivity.",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Welding of 6063 Aluminium section"
      },
      {
        "text": "The 5xxx and 6xxx alloys weld readily with 4043 or 5356 filler. This is a series-level statement on the Alloys International page.",
        "source": "alloysintl-6063",
        "where": "Fabrication notes, Welding"
      },
      {
        "text": "T4 has good formability, and T6 is the most commonly available temper.",
        "source": "azom-6063",
        "where": "Introduction paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Order to the specification and condition the drawing requires, because properties vary with section size, product form and processing.",
        "source": "alloysintl-6063",
        "where": "Typical mechanical properties note"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Window, door and curtain wall framing",
      "example": "Listed among the typical applications; AZoM also lists window frames and doors",
      "source": "alloysintl-6063",
      "where": "Typical applications list"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Architectural trim, railing and balustrading",
      "example": "AZoM says balustrading rails and posts are normally T6 and formed elbows and bends are T4",
      "source": "azom-6063",
      "where": "Applications of 6063 Aluminium, balustrading paragraph"
    },
    {
      "application": "thermal-control",
      "device": "Heat sinks",
      "example": "Listed with enclosures; Alloys International says strength is rarely the governing factor there",
      "source": "alloysintl-6063",
      "where": "Typical applications list; introduction paragraph"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Aluminium (primary smelter production)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 60.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 4.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United Arab Emirates",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: in 2025 about 3.6 million tons of aluminum was recovered from purchased scrap in the United States, about 56% from new scrap and 44% from old scrap. Old-scrap recovery equalled about 28% of apparent consumption.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: composites can substitute for aluminum in aircraft fuselages and wings.",
        "USGS: composites, magnesium, steel and titanium can substitute for aluminum in ground transportation uses.",
        "USGS: composites, steel, vinyl and wood can substitute for aluminum in construction.",
        "USGS: copper can replace aluminum in electrical and heat-exchange applications."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum",
      "where": "World Smelter Production and Capacity table, 2025e (world total 74,000 thousand t); shares calculated by Space Mushroom from the table; Recycling; Substitutes"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Bauxite (aluminium ore)",
      "abundance": "USGS: bauxite resources are estimated to range from 55 billion to 75 billion tons, distributed in Africa (32%), Oceania (23%), South America and the Caribbean (21%), Asia (18%) and elsewhere (6%).",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Guinea",
          "share_percent": 34.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Australia",
          "share_percent": 22,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 19.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Brazil",
          "share_percent": 7.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "European Commission critical raw materials list, 2023 (34 materials): Bauxite listed",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: none.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: bauxite is the only raw material used in the production of alumina on a commercial scale in the United States. Clay resources are technically feasible sources of alumina but are not currently economically competitive with bauxite."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-bauxite",
      "where": "World Alumina Refinery and Bauxite Mine Production table, bauxite 2025e (world total 440,000 thousand t); shares calculated by Space Mushroom; Recycling; Substitutes"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Alumina",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 62,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Australia",
          "share_percent": 11.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Brazil",
          "share_percent": 7.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 1.9,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-bauxite",
      "where": "World Alumina Refinery and Bauxite Mine Production table, alumina production 2025e (world total 150,000 thousand t); shares calculated by Space Mushroom"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Magnesium (primary production)",
      "abundance": "USGS: resources from which magnesium may be recovered range from large to virtually unlimited, and magnesium could be recovered from seawater along world coastlines.",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 86.4,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Israel",
          "share_percent": 1.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Brazil",
          "share_percent": 1.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Turkey",
          "share_percent": 1.4,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "share_percent": 1.2,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "European Commission critical raw materials list, 2023 (34 materials): Magnesium listed",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: in 2025 about 26,000 tons of secondary magnesium was recovered from old scrap and 82,000 tons from new scrap.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: aluminum and zinc may substitute for magnesium in castings and wrought products. Magnesium's light weight is an advantage, but its high cost is a disadvantage relative to these substitutes."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-magnesium",
      "where": "World Primary Production table, 2025 smelter production (world total 1,100 thousand t); shares calculated by Space Mushroom; Recycling; Substitutes"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Silicon (silicon metal)",
      "abundance": "USGS: world and domestic resources for making silicon metal and alloys are abundant and, in most producing countries, adequate to supply world requirements for many decades.",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 87,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Brazil",
          "share_percent": 3.9,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Norway",
          "share_percent": 2.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "France",
          "share_percent": 1.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 0.8,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals: silicon added in 2025 (per the MCS 2026 silicon chapter)",
          "listed": true
        },
        {
          "list": "European Commission critical raw materials list, 2023 (34 materials): Silicon metal listed",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: insignificant.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: aluminum, silicon carbide and silicomanganese can be substituted for ferrosilicon in some applications.",
        "USGS: gallium arsenide and germanium are the principal substitutes for silicon in semiconductor and infrared applications."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-silicon",
      "where": "World Production table, silicon metal 2025 (world total 4,600 thousand t, rounded); shares calculated by Space Mushroom. The chapter also says China accounted for almost 80% of global silicon-materials production in 2025."
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Alloys International: 6063 grade page",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://alloysintl.com/inventory/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-6063/"
    },
    {
      "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (sourced from Aalco)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Bauxite and Alumina",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-bauxite-alumina.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Magnesium Metal",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-magnesium-metal.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Silicon",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silicon.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "European Commission: critical raw materials (2023 list of 34)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/raw-materials/areas-specific-interest/critical-raw-materials_en"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem: Aluminum, CID 5359268 (safety and hazards)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem: Magnesium, CID 5462224 (safety and hazards)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5462224"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem: Silicon, CID 5461123 (safety and hazards)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5461123"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "T1 and T83 values were not found. The sources opened print T4, T5 and T6 only. Wikipedia prints T1 values, but it is limited here to composition and history, and the Alcoa datasheet it cites returned 404.",
    "The Alloys International T5 and T6 figures are approximate typical values in ksi, printed with a tilde. They are kept in ksi and are not matched to the MPa minima, because no source printed converted values.",
    "The BS EN 755-2 minima and the physical values come from an AZoM article that says its data is indicative only. The standard, the ASTM B221 and B429 tables and any manufacturer datasheet with physical values were not opened.",
    "No cryogenic strength or conductivity, vacuum outgassing (TML and CVCM), atomic-oxygen, thermal-vacuum or flight data for 6063 were found in the sources opened.",
    "No galvanic, alkali, acid, marine or stress-corrosion data for 6063 were found. The corrosion entries are qualitative statements only.",
    "Anodising is recorded only as qualitative statements (excellent, easily anodised). No anodic film thickness, sealing or colour data were found.",
    "No figure for strength loss in the heat-affected zone after welding was found in a source opened for this profile.",
    "Designations: AZoM also prints GS10, A-GS, HE19, AlMgSi0.5 and 3.32206 without naming their systems, or they conflict with other sources (3.32206 against 3.3206 from Alloys International; HE19 against HE9 in Wikipedia). They are not recorded. The AZoM list covers 6063 and 6063A together, so the ASTM, MIL, QQ and SAE rows should be checked against the standards.",
    "Critical minerals: the USGS 2025 list page returned 403 and was not read. The USGS silicon chapter says silicon was added in 2025. The 2025 status of aluminium and magnesium is not printed in the chapters read. The EU 2023 list prints bauxite, magnesium and silicon metal, but not aluminium.",
    "Hazards are element-level PubChem GHS data for aluminium, magnesium and silicon. No safety data sheet for 6063 was opened, and hazards from dust or fumes produced by machining or welding were not found.",
    "Supply shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from USGS tables that print tonnages and world totals. The USGS recycling figures are for aluminium and magnesium in general, not for 6063 scrap.",
    "Brinell hardness values printed by AZoM are not recorded, because hardness is not in the property list.",
    "Not reached in this run: the Alcoa datasheet (404), MatWeb (403) and the USGS 2025 critical-mineral list page (403)."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "6063 is an aluminium alloy with magnesium (0.45 to 0.9 wt%) and silicon (0.2 to 0.6 wt%) as its main additions (AZoM, Table 1). Alloys International calls it the architectural extrusion alloy. Compared with 6061 it has less silicon and magnesium, so it extrudes into thinner walls and more intricate shapes, and it gives the smooth, uniform surface that anodising needs. Its strength is moderate, which is rarely the deciding factor in window frames, rails, trim, heat sinks and enclosures.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Window, door and curtain wall framing",
        "line": "Alloys International lists window, door and curtain wall framing among its typical applications, and AZoM lists window frames and doors."
      },
      {
        "where": "Architectural trim, railing and balustrading",
        "line": "AZoM says balustrading rails and posts are normally T6 and formed elbows and bends are T4. T4 is also used for hydroformed chassis tube."
      },
      {
        "where": "Heat sinks",
        "line": "Alloys International lists heat sinks and enclosures, where strength is rarely the deciding factor."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Strength, T6",
        "line": "Minimum tensile strength of T6 rod and bar up to 150 mm is 215 MPa, with a minimum proof stress of 170 MPa (BS EN 755-2 values printed by AZoM). Alloys International's typical T6 figures are about 35 ksi tensile and 31 ksi yield.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "215 MPa minimum tensile; about 35 ksi typical"
      },
      {
        "label": "Strength, T4",
        "line": "T4 extruded rod and bar up to 150 mm has a minimum tensile strength of 150 MPa and a minimum proof stress of 90 MPa (AZoM).",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "150 MPa minimum tensile"
      },
      {
        "label": "Ductility",
        "line": "Minimum elongation A50 mm is 8% for T6 rod and bar up to 150 mm and 10% for T4 extruded rod and bar (AZoM).",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weight",
        "line": "Density is 2700 kg/m3 (AZoM, Table 4).",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stiffness",
        "line": "Modulus of elasticity is 69.5 GPa (AZoM, Table 4).",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Heat conduction",
        "line": "Thermal conductivity is 200 W/m.K (AZoM, Table 4).",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal expansion",
        "line": "The linear thermal expansion coefficient is 23.5 x 10^-6 /K (AZoM, Table 4).",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Anodising",
        "line": "Alloys International calls the anodised finish excellent, and AZoM says 6063 can be easily anodised. No anodic film thickness or sealing data was found.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "Excellent (Alloys International)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Welding",
        "line": "AZoM rates gas, arc and resistance welding as excellent, brazing as excellent and solderability as good. Alloys International says 5xxx and 6xxx alloys weld readily with 4043 or 5356 filler.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "Excellent (gas, arc, resistance)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Machining",
        "line": "AZoM rates machinability and cold workability as average.",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "The sources give no strength-per-mass figures for 6063 against other alloys, so this profile does not rank it. Alloys International says 6061 is the higher-strength choice for structural parts. The USGS lists composites, magnesium, steel and titanium as substitutes for aluminium in ground transport, and composites, steel, vinyl and wood in construction.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal expansion",
        "benchmark": "cte",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Machining: cut heat-treatable alloys in the T temper. For thick plate, use a stress-relieved temper to limit movement (Alloys International).",
      "Forming: form in the annealed or freshly solution treated condition where the temper allows, then age to final strength (Alloys International).",
      "Welding: use 5183 or 4043 filler generally, and 5346 for strength and conductivity (AZoM).",
      "Safety: no safety data sheet for 6063 was opened, so read the supplier's data sheet before cutting or welding."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Architectural extrusions, such as window and door frames, rails and trim, that need a smooth anodised finish (Alloys International; AZoM).",
      "Heat sinks, where a thermal conductivity of 200 W/m.K spreads heat (AZoM, Table 4).",
      "Welded assemblies, since gas, arc and resistance welding are all rated excellent (AZoM)."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Strength is moderate. Alloys International says 6061 is the higher-strength choice for structural parts.",
      "The Alloys International strengths are approximate typical values in ksi and are not for design. The AZoM strengths are BS EN 755-2 minima.",
      "T1 and T83 values were not found, so the file has no rows for them.",
      "No galvanic, alkali or acid data, no space-environment data and no cryogenic values were found for 6063."
    ],
    "verdict": "6063 is the architectural extrusion alloy: moderate strength, excellent weldability, a finish that anodises well, and good corrosion resistance in general use. The sources give no T1 or T83 values and no space-environment data.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Al-Mg-Si alloy. Composition limits in wt% (AZoM, Table 1): magnesium 0.45 to 0.9, silicon 0.2 to 0.6, iron up to 0.35, copper, manganese, zinc and titanium up to 0.1 each, chromium up to 0.1, and aluminium the balance. The Alloys International page gives the same magnesium and silicon limits. AZoM says solution treatment with natural ageing gives T4, and solution treatment with artificial ageing gives T6.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "Matrix of the alloy; the balance of the composition (AZoM, Table 1)",
          "share_note": "balance",
          "source": "azom-6063",
          "where": "Table 1, Al row (Balance)"
        },
        {
          "name": "Magnesium",
          "symbol": "Mg",
          "role": "Main alloying addition, with silicon (AZoM, Table 1; Alloys International nominal chemistry)",
          "share_percent": 0.45,
          "share_high": 0.9,
          "source": "azom-6063",
          "where": "Table 1, Mg row (0.45 to 0.9)"
        },
        {
          "name": "Silicon",
          "symbol": "Si",
          "role": "Main alloying addition, with magnesium (AZoM, Table 1; Alloys International nominal chemistry)",
          "share_percent": 0.2,
          "share_high": 0.6,
          "source": "azom-6063",
          "where": "Table 1, Si row (0.2 to 0.6)"
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Limit only, maximum printed in Table 1",
          "share_percent": 0,
          "share_high": 0.35,
          "source": "azom-6063",
          "where": "Table 1, Fe row (0 to0.35)"
        },
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "Limit only, maximum printed in Table 1",
          "share_percent": 0,
          "share_high": 0.1,
          "source": "azom-6063",
          "where": "Table 1, Cu row (0 to0.1)"
        },
        {
          "name": "Manganese",
          "symbol": "Mn",
          "role": "Limit only, maximum printed in Table 1",
          "share_percent": 0,
          "share_high": 0.1,
          "source": "azom-6063",
          "where": "Table 1, Mn row (0 to0.1)"
        },
        {
          "name": "Zinc",
          "symbol": "Zn",
          "role": "Limit only, maximum printed in Table 1",
          "share_percent": 0,
          "share_high": 0.1,
          "source": "azom-6063",
          "where": "Table 1, Zn row (0 to0.1)"
        },
        {
          "name": "Titanium",
          "symbol": "Ti",
          "role": "Limit only, maximum printed in Table 1",
          "share_percent": 0,
          "share_high": 0.1,
          "source": "azom-6063",
          "where": "Table 1, Ti row (0 to0.1)"
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "Limit only, maximum printed in Table 1",
          "share_percent": 0,
          "share_high": 0.1,
          "share_note": "maximum, printed as 0.1 max",
          "source": "azom-6063",
          "where": "Table 1, Cr row (0.1 max)"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "No safety data sheet for 6063 was opened. Element-level PubChem GHS data for aluminium, magnesium and silicon is in the hazards list.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "What the sources cover",
            "line": "The sources describe finish, corrosion, extrusion and welding behaviour, not health effects. Read the supplier's safety data sheet before cutting, grinding or welding."
          }
        ],
        "gap": "Hazard classification of 6063 as supplied, and of dust or fumes from machining or welding, was not found."
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "Failure routes that the sources name. None of them is a field-incident record.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Movement during machining",
            "line": "Alloys International says thick plate can move when large volumes are removed, and recommends a stress-relieved temper to limit this."
          },
          {
            "label": "Corrosion",
            "line": "AZoM and Alloys International both describe good to high corrosion resistance. Neither names an environment that attacks 6063."
          },
          {
            "label": "Welding",
            "line": "The sources rate gas, arc and resistance welding as excellent (AZoM). No figure for strength loss near a weld was found in a source opened for this profile."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Forming and machining",
            "line": "Form in the annealed or freshly solution treated condition where the temper allows, then age to final strength. Cut heat-treatable alloys in the T temper."
          },
          {
            "label": "Welding filler",
            "line": "Use 5183 or 4043 filler generally, 4043 where maximum electrical conductivity is needed, and 5346 for strength and conductivity (AZoM)."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-24",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 35,
    "unreachable": 0,
    "caveats": 6,
    "note": "Written 2026-10-24 from pages fetched in this run: the Alloys International 6063 page, the AZoM 6063/6063A article (sourced from Aalco), the USGS MCS 2026 aluminum, bauxite and alumina, magnesium and silicon chapters, the European Commission critical raw materials page, and PubChem GHS for aluminum, magnesium and silicon. The six Alloys International values are approximate typical values in ksi. The other property rows are BS EN 755-2 minima and physical values from an AZoM article that calls its data indicative only. T1 and T83 values were not found."
  },
  "sources": {
    "alloysintl-6063": {
      "title": "Alloys International: 6063 grade page (W.Nr 3.3206, EN AW-6063 / AlMg0.7Si, nominal chemistry, typical T5 and T6 values, applications)",
      "id": "Alloys International (stockist), Ronkonkoma, NY; grade page for 6063",
      "url": "https://alloysintl.com/inventory/aluminum-alloys/aluminum-6063/",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "azom-6063": {
      "title": "AZoM: Aluminium Alloys - Aluminium 6063/6063A Properties, Fabrication and Applications (article sourced from Aalco)",
      "id": "AZoM article 2812; cited in the article as Aalco (2020, October 16)",
      "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2812",
      "year": 2020,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-bauxite": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Bauxite and Alumina",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-bauxite-alumina.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-magnesium": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Magnesium Metal",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-magnesium-metal.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-silicon": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Silicon",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026; the chapter also states the 2025 critical-mineral list changes",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silicon.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "ec-crm": {
      "title": "Critical raw materials (European Commission, fifth list of 34 critical raw materials, 2023)",
      "id": "European Commission critical raw materials page",
      "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/raw-materials/areas-specific-interest/critical-raw-materials_en",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "European Commission web page"
    },
    "pubchem-al": {
      "title": "Aluminum, PubChem compound CID 5359268: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification",
      "id": "PubChem CID 5359268 (PUG View JSON); aggregated from ECHA C&L notifications",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem (NCBI) public data"
    },
    "pubchem-mg": {
      "title": "Magnesium, PubChem compound CID 5462224: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification",
      "id": "PubChem CID 5462224 (PUG View JSON); aggregated from ECHA C&L notifications",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5462224",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem (NCBI) public data"
    },
    "pubchem-si": {
      "title": "Silicon, PubChem compound CID 5461123: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification",
      "id": "PubChem CID 5461123 (PUG View JSON); aggregated from ECHA C&L notifications",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5461123",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem (NCBI) public data"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-6063/"
}