{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "aluminium-3103",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "aluminium-alloys",
  "name": "Aluminium alloy 3103",
  "abbreviation": "3103",
  "role": "commercial Al-Mn sheet alloy for heat exchangers and cladding",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "aluminium",
  "summary": "3103 is a wrought aluminium-manganese alloy (UNS A93103, also EN AW-3103) with 0.90 to 1.50 wt% manganese as the main alloying element and aluminium as the balance. Smiths calls it a commercial alloy close in properties to 3003, with very good corrosion resistance and very good weldability. In the H14 condition the Smiths datasheet gives a density of 2.73 g/cm3 and a thermal conductivity of 160 W/m.K, and both Smiths and Righton give a minimum tensile strength of 140 MPa. Strength depends strongly on temper: AircraftMaterials prints 90 to 130 N/mm2 for O and 160 to 195 N/mm2 for H16. None of the sources read here records a flight or spacecraft use.\n",
  "best_for": "Heat exchangers, radiators and formed sheet that need moderate strength, good weldability and resistance to atmospheric corrosion (Smiths lists these uses)",
  "weakest_at": "Strength falls with the softer tempers (O is 90 to 130 N/mm2 against 160 to 195 N/mm2 in H16), and the sources read here give no measured corrosion test data for this alloy",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Al-Mn wrought alloy, 3103 (EN AW-3103 family): Mn 0.90 to 1.50, Fe max 0.70, Cu max 0.10, Mg max 0.05 (Smiths) or max 0.30 (Righton and AircraftMaterials), Si max 0.50, Zn max 0.20, Cr max 0.10, Ti+Zr max 0.10, other elements max 0.05 each and 0.15 total, Al balance (wt%)",
    "cas": "",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "A93103",
        "source": "totalmateria-3103",
        "where": "International equivalent materials table, row UNS A93103"
      },
      {
        "system": "AA",
        "code": "3103",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials-3103",
        "where": "Chemical Composition Limits (Weight %) table, heading Alloy 3103"
      },
      {
        "system": "DIN",
        "code": "AlMn1",
        "source": "totalmateria-3103",
        "where": "International equivalent materials table, row AlMn1 under DIN"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "3.0515",
        "source": "totalmateria-3103",
        "where": "International equivalent materials table, row 3.0515 under DIN"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN name",
        "code": "EN AW-3103",
        "source": "totalmateria-3103",
        "where": "Page title SS EN AW-3103 Aluminium Alloys"
      }
    ],
    "source": "smith-3103",
    "where": "Chemical Composition (weight %) table, Smiths 3103 datasheet (2023). Righton (BS EN 573-3) and the AircraftMaterials composition limits table agree on Mn, Fe, Cu, Si, Zn, Cr and Ti+Zr, but Righton and AircraftMaterials print Mg max 0.30 where Smiths prints 0.05."
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "thermal-control",
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, 3103 H14",
      "value": 2.73,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14 (Smiths states its properties are for the H14 condition)",
        "form": "sheet"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Physical Properties panel, row Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point, 3103",
      "value": 655,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Single value printed on a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Physical Properties panel, row Melting Point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Thermal expansion, 3103 H14",
      "value": 23.1,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "x10-6/K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14 (Smiths states its properties are for the H14 condition)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet (printed as x10-6 /K)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Physical Properties panel, row Thermal Expansion",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, 3103 H14",
      "value": 69.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14 (Smiths states its properties are for the H14 condition)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Physical Properties panel, row Modulus of Elasticity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, 3103 H14",
      "value": 160,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m.K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14 (Smiths states its properties are for the H14 condition)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Physical Properties panel, row Thermal Conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Minimum proof stress, 3103 H14 sheet (Smiths)",
      "value": 110,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14",
        "form": "sheet",
        "basis": "minimum, printed as proof stress; offset not stated"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Mechanical Properties panel of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties panel, row Proof Stress",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Minimum tensile strength, 3103 H14 (Smiths)",
      "value": 140,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14",
        "form": "sheet",
        "basis": "minimum"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Mechanical Properties panel of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties panel, row Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Minimum elongation A50 mm, 3103 H14",
      "value": 8,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14",
        "form": "sheet",
        "gauge_length": "A50 mm",
        "basis": "minimum"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Mechanical Properties panel of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties panel, row Elongation A50 mm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shear_strength",
      "label": "Shear strength, 3103 H14",
      "value": 90,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14",
        "form": "sheet"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties panel, row Shear Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "vickers_hardness",
      "label": "Vickers hardness, 3103 H14",
      "value": 46,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HV",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14",
        "form": "sheet"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties panel, row Hardness Vickers",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength range, 3103 H14 sheet 0.2 to 6.0 mm (BS EN 485-2)",
      "value": 140,
      "value_high": 180,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14",
        "form": "sheet, 0.2 mm to 6.0 mm",
        "standard": "BS EN 485-2"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the Mechanical Properties table of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "righton-3103",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Tensile Strength, column BS EN 485-2",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Righton and Blackburns, Aluminium 3103 H14 Sheet datasheet (BS EN 573-3 and BS EN 485-2)",
        "url": "https://www.rightonblackburns.co.uk/datasheets/view/Righton-Blackburns-Ltd_Aluminium-Alloy-3103-H14-Sheet_298.pdf",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Minimum proof stress, 3103 H14 sheet 0.2 to 6.0 mm (BS EN 485-2)",
      "value": 120,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14",
        "form": "sheet, 0.2 mm to 6.0 mm",
        "standard": "BS EN 485-2",
        "basis": "minimum, printed as proof stress; offset not stated"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "righton-3103",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Proof Stress, Min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Righton and Blackburns, Aluminium 3103 H14 Sheet datasheet (BS EN 573-3 and BS EN 485-2)",
        "url": "https://www.rightonblackburns.co.uk/datasheets/view/Righton-Blackburns-Ltd_Aluminium-Alloy-3103-H14-Sheet_298.pdf",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "brinell_hardness",
      "label": "Brinell hardness, 3103 H14 sheet",
      "value": 45,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HB",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14",
        "form": "sheet, 0.2 mm to 6.0 mm",
        "standard": "BS EN 485-2"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "righton-3103",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Hardness Brinell",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Righton and Blackburns, Aluminium 3103 H14 Sheet datasheet (BS EN 573-3 and BS EN 485-2)",
        "url": "https://www.rightonblackburns.co.uk/datasheets/view/Righton-Blackburns-Ltd_Aluminium-Alloy-3103-H14-Sheet_298.pdf",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, 3103 O temper sheet",
      "value": 90,
      "value_high": 130,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "N/mm2",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "form": "sheet"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the Typical Mechanical Properties table for Alloy 3103 Sheet (column header N/mm2)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraftmaterials-3103",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties (Alloy 3103 Sheet) table, row 0, column Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AircraftMaterials: Aluminium Alloy 3103 / 3103A",
        "id": "AA 3103",
        "url": "https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3103.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, 3103 H12 sheet",
      "value": 120,
      "value_high": 145,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "N/mm2",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H12",
        "form": "sheet"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the Typical Mechanical Properties table for Alloy 3103 Sheet (column header N/mm2)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraftmaterials-3103",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties (Alloy 3103 Sheet) table, row H12, column Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AircraftMaterials: Aluminium Alloy 3103 / 3103A",
        "id": "AA 3103",
        "url": "https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3103.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, 3103 H16 sheet",
      "value": 160,
      "value_high": 195,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "N/mm2",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H16",
        "form": "sheet"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the Typical Mechanical Properties table for Alloy 3103 Sheet (column header N/mm2)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraftmaterials-3103",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties (Alloy 3103 Sheet) table, row H16, column Tensile Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AircraftMaterials: Aluminium Alloy 3103 / 3103A",
        "id": "AA 3103",
        "url": "https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3103.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "General atmospheric service (supplier rating, no test conditions)",
      "headline": "Smiths rates the corrosion resistance of 3103 as very good.",
      "effect": "The Smiths datasheet lists very good resistance to atmospheric corrosion as a key feature and gives Corrosion Resistance: Very good. No test environment, exposure time or rate is given.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "rating_in_source": "very good corrosion resistance (mapped to low corrosion severity)",
        "basis": "qualitative supplier rating only",
        "test": "none stated"
      },
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Key features list and Corrosion Resistance box"
    },
    {
      "environment": "General atmospheric service (supplier characteristic, no test conditions)",
      "headline": "Righton describes the atmospheric corrosion resistance of 3103 as good.",
      "effect": "The Righton datasheet lists good resistance to atmospheric corrosion under Characteristics. It is a weaker rating than Smiths gives, and no test is described.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "rating_in_source": "good resistance to atmospheric corrosion (mapped to low corrosion severity)",
        "basis": "qualitative supplier description only",
        "test": "none stated"
      },
      "source": "righton-3103",
      "where": "Characteristics list"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "The Alcoa safety data sheet for wrought 3xxx series alloys (revision 10-13-2015) lists 3103 in its synonym list. It gives aluminum (CAS 7429-90-5, >92 %) and says the product is not hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200. It names combustible dust as an authority-defined hazard. It covers the whole 3xxx family, not 3103 alone, so the reading is family-level.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "alcoa-3xxx-sds",
        "where": "Section 2 hazard statements (row Authority defined hazards; not hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200); composition table, row Aluminum"
      },
      {
        "text": "The same Alcoa sheet says the health effects listed are not likely to occur unless processing creates dust or fumes. Dust and fume from processing can irritate the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "alcoa-3xxx-sds",
        "where": "Health hazards text and first-aid rows (Eye contact, Inhalation) in the Alcoa sheet"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Soft O temper where strength is needed",
        "trigger": "Specifying the O (annealed) temper for a load-bearing part",
        "consequence": "Tensile strength falls to 90 to 130 N/mm2 in O, against 160 to 195 N/mm2 in H16 (AircraftMaterials). Strength depends strongly on temper, so the temper must be named.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials-3103",
        "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties (Alloy 3103 Sheet) table, rows 0 and H16"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Dust explosion during machining or grinding",
        "trigger": "Dust or fines dispersed in air, or chips and fines in contact with water",
        "consequence": "The Alcoa sheet says dust clouds may be explosive and that a minor dust cloud can explode violently. Chips, fines and dust in contact with water can generate flammable hydrogen gas.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "alcoa-3xxx-sds",
        "where": "Alcoa sheet rows Specific hazards and Explosion/fire hazards (fire-fighting measures)"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Keep the material dry and avoid generating dust. The Alcoa sheet says to keep material dry and to avoid generating dust in handling.",
        "source": "alcoa-3xxx-sds",
        "where": "Handling row in the Alcoa sheet"
      },
      {
        "text": "For processes that generate dust or fines, the Alcoa sheet says to follow the safety procedures in the Aluminum Association bulletin it names, and to keep dust collection systems dedicated to aluminium dust.",
        "source": "alcoa-3xxx-sds",
        "where": "Row Requirements for Processes Which Generate Dusts or Fines in the Alcoa sheet"
      },
      {
        "text": "Specify the temper and product form before comparing values. The datasheets print different figures for H14, H12, H16 and O, and for proof stress.",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials-3103",
        "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties (Alloy 3103 Sheet) table, compared with smith-3103 and righton-3103 Mechanical Properties"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "thermal-control",
      "device": "Heat exchangers, air-conditioning evaporators and vehicle radiators",
      "example": "Smiths lists heat exchangers, heating and cooling systems, air conditioning evaporators and vehicle radiators as applications. Righton lists heat exchangers, air condition evaporators and motor vehicle radiators.",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Applications list, Smiths datasheet; Applications list, Righton datasheet (both name these uses)"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Aircraft and military components, construction cladding and corrugated roofing",
      "example": "Smiths lists aircraft and military components and corrugated roofing. Righton lists cladding alloy. The sources do not name a space or launch use for 3103.",
      "source": "smith-3103",
      "where": "Applications list, Smiths datasheet; Righton Applications list, row Cladding alloy"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Primary aluminium smelter production, 2025 estimate (world)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 60.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 4.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United Arab Emirates",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: in 2025 about 3.6 million tons of aluminum were recovered from purchased scrap in the United States. Old-scrap recovery was equivalent to about 28 % of apparent consumption.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: composites can substitute for aluminum in aircraft fuselages and wings. Glass, paper, plastics and steel can substitute for aluminum in packaging."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum",
      "where": "World Smelter Production and Capacity table, column 2025e: China 45,000, India 4,200, Russia 3,900, Canada 3,300, United Arab Emirates 2,700, world total (rounded) 74,000 thousand t. Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those printed values (for example 45,000 / 74,000 = 60.8 %). The subject is the primary metal, not the 3103 alloy. Recycling and Substitutes sections."
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "title": "Righton and Blackburns: Aluminium 3103 H14 Sheet datasheet (updated 05 August 2021)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.rightonblackburns.co.uk/datasheets/view/Righton-Blackburns-Ltd_Aluminium-Alloy-3103-H14-Sheet_298.pdf",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "title": "AircraftMaterials: Aluminium Alloy 3103 / 3103A",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3103.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "Total Materia: SS EN AW-3103 Aluminium Alloys (equivalent materials table)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3223256"
    },
    {
      "title": "Alcoa: Safety Data Sheet, Wrought Aluminum Products, 3xxx Series Alloys (revision 10-13-2015), copy hosted by KM Sheet Metal",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://docs.kmsheetmetal.com/web/image/734638-a1aa560c/sds-3000-series-alcoa-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No flight, spacecraft, satellite or launch-vehicle record for 3103 was found in the sources read here.",
    "No measured corrosion data (salt spray, ASTM G85 SWAAT, G34 or G66, exfoliation) for 3103 was found. The Smiths and Righton entries are supplier ratings only. A 2003 conference paper on AA3103 pipes was seen only as a search result, with no abstract or text, so it was not used.",
    "The electrical figure on the Smiths datasheet is printed as 42% IACS under the label Electricity Resistivity. The label and unit conflict, so the value was left out, as it was for 2017.",
    "Magnesium maximum conflicts: Smiths prints Mg max 0.05 wt%, while Righton (BS EN 573-3) and AircraftMaterials print Mg max 0.30 wt%. Both are shown in the formula and recipe text, and neither is resolved here.",
    "Proof stress minimum conflicts for H14 sheet: Smiths prints 110 MPa min and Righton (BS EN 485-2) prints 120 MPa min. Both are entered with their source and conditions.",
    "The Total Materia page shows modulus of elasticity 69 to 79 GPa and electrical resistivity in ohm-mm2/m, without temperature or temper. The 69 to 79 GPa range was not entered because it conflicts with the Smiths value of 69.5 GPa, and the Total Materia tensile range (80 to 230 MPa) does not say which temper it covers.",
    "The Total Materia density, yield strength, service temperature and CTE are behind a free registration, so they were not read.",
    "The AircraftMaterials elongation values for O, H12 and H16 have no unit printed on the page, so they were left out.",
    "The Brinell and Vickers hardness, shear strength and electrical conductivity benchmarks are not in property-canon.yaml. They use short snake_case names (brinell_hardness, vickers_hardness, shear_strength) as the brief allows. The conductivity value was left out (see above).",
    "The Alcoa safety sheet covers the whole wrought 3xxx series (3103 appears only in its synonym list) and is dated 2015. The hazard classes are family-level. No 3103-specific SDS was found.",
    "The Aalco 3103 H14 datasheet PDF returned an empty file, so it was not read. MatWeb, ASM Handbook and the 3103 patents (US 6896749 is a scanned image with no readable text) were not reached.",
    "Only six sources are recorded, below the eight the lithium standard asks for. No Wikipedia article for 3103 exists (HTTP 404), so no history source was added.",
    "No manufacturing or heat-treatment process for the H14, H12, H16 or O tempers was found in the sources read here, so the recipe gives composition only.",
    "The USGS 2026 aluminum summary used here does not list a critical-minerals entry, so none is recorded.",
    "Radiation effects, atomic oxygen, outgassing and cryogenic properties were not looked up for this alloy.",
    "No media files were added. The alloy has no crystal-structure or product image sourced in this run."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "3103 is an Al-Mn sheet alloy that Smiths calls close in properties to 3003, with good cold workability (Righton) and very good weldability (Smiths). Smiths gives a density of 2.73 g/cm3, a melting point of 655 °C and a thermal conductivity of 160 W/m.K, and it lists heat exchangers, radiators and air-conditioning evaporators as uses. In H14 it has a minimum tensile strength of 140 MPa. The alloy is a sheet product, and the sources read here do not record a space use.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Heat exchangers, evaporators and vehicle radiators",
        "line": "Smiths and Righton both list these uses for 3103 sheet."
      },
      {
        "where": "Aircraft and military components, cladding and roofing",
        "line": "Smiths lists aircraft and military components and corrugated roofing. Righton lists cladding alloy."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Carry load in H14",
        "line": "The Smiths datasheet gives a minimum tensile strength of 140 MPa and a minimum elongation of 8 % over A50 mm for H14 sheet.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "140 MPa min tensile"
      },
      {
        "label": "Carry load in H16",
        "line": "AircraftMaterials gives 160 to 195 N/mm2 tensile for H16 sheet, which is the strongest temper it lists.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "160 to 195 N/mm2 tensile"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weight",
        "line": "The Smiths datasheet gives a density of 2.73 g/cm3.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "2.73 g/cm3"
      },
      {
        "label": "Heat",
        "line": "The Smiths datasheet gives a thermal conductivity of 160 W/m.K for H14.",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "160 W/m.K"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Compared with the other rows of this site, 3103 is a moderate-strength Al-Mn sheet alloy with good corrosion resistance and very good weldability. The sources here give its density, stiffness and thermal figures for this alloy only, and they do not compare it with other grades numerically.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Modulus of elasticity",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Specify the temper and the product form, because the datasheets give different values for H14, H12, H16 and O.",
      "Keep machining dust and fines under control. Dust clouds may be explosive.",
      "Keep the material dry, and do not let fines contact water."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Heat exchangers, evaporators and radiators, where the Smiths and Righton datasheets list 3103 as a use.",
      "Formed sheet and cladding that need moderate strength with very good weldability (Smiths).",
      "Light parts where a density near 2.73 g/cm3 is wanted."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Temper: O is 90 to 130 N/mm2 tensile, and H16 is 160 to 195 N/mm2.",
      "Magnesium maximum and proof stress minimum differ between sources (see gaps).",
      "Corrosion: the ratings are qualitative (very good from Smiths, good from Righton), and no measured corrosion test for 3103 was found.",
      "Spacecraft or launcher use of 3103 is not confirmed by any source read here."
    ],
    "verdict": "3103 is a sound, weldable Al-Mn sheet alloy for heat exchangers and cladding, with strength that depends on its temper. The sources give it good atmospheric corrosion resistance on supplier ratings, but they do not give measured corrosion data or a flight record.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "3103 is a wrought Al-Mn alloy. Manganese is the main alloying element at 0.90 to 1.50 wt%, with small limits on iron, copper, magnesium, silicon, zinc, chromium and titanium plus zirconium (Smiths; Righton BS EN 573-3). The composition below is the standard range, not a measured value. The sources read here do not describe how the H14, H12, H16 or O tempers are produced.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "The matrix of the alloy. Balance of the composition."
        },
        {
          "name": "Manganese",
          "symbol": "Mn",
          "role": "The main alloying element. Smiths notes that it is stronger than the commercial-purity grades, especially at elevated working temperatures."
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Impurity limit. Iron is kept low for formability and does not work as an alloying element here."
        },
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "Impurity limit, printed as max 0.10 by Smiths, Righton and AircraftMaterials."
        },
        {
          "name": "Magnesium",
          "symbol": "Mg",
          "role": "Impurity limit. The sources disagree on the maximum, so both values are shown."
        },
        {
          "name": "Silicon",
          "symbol": "Si",
          "role": "Impurity limit, printed as max 0.50 by all three composition sources."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The Alcoa safety sheet for the 3xxx series gives dust and fume warnings for processing. No health data for 3103 alone were found.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Machining dust",
            "line": "Dust clouds may be explosive, and dust and fume from processing can irritate the eyes, skin and upper airways (Alcoa SDS, 3xxx series)."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Dust and fume warnings"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The failure routes found in the sources are soft tempers and dust explosions.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Soft temper",
            "line": "In O temper the tensile strength is 90 to 130 N/mm2, against 160 to 195 N/mm2 in H16 (AircraftMaterials)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust",
            "line": "Dust clouds may be explosive. Fines in contact with water can make hydrogen (Alcoa SDS)."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Specify temper and form",
            "line": "Name the temper (H14, H12, H16 or O) and the product form before comparing values, because the datasheets differ."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust control",
            "line": "Keep machining dust under control, and keep the material dry, following the Alcoa sheet."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 16,
    "unreachable": 4,
    "caveats": 6,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the pages named in each entry. Unreachable or blocked: Aalco H14 PDF (empty download), Total Materia (login for most fields), the 3103 patent (scanned image, no text), Wikipedia 3103 (404). Caveats: all H14 values are from one or two supplier datasheets; the O, H12 and H16 values are from AircraftMaterials without a printed elongation unit; the Mg maximum and proof stress minimum conflict between sources; the hazard classes are for the whole 3xxx family; the corrosion entries are supplier ratings only; no space use is confirmed."
  },
  "sources": {
    "smith-3103": {
      "title": "Smiths Metal Centres, 3103 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (2023)",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3103.pdf",
      "year": 2023,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "righton-3103": {
      "title": "Righton and Blackburns, Aluminium 3103 H14 Sheet datasheet (BS EN 573-3 and BS EN 485-2)",
      "url": "https://www.rightonblackburns.co.uk/datasheets/view/Righton-Blackburns-Ltd_Aluminium-Alloy-3103-H14-Sheet_298.pdf",
      "year": 2021,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "aircraftmaterials-3103": {
      "title": "AircraftMaterials: Aluminium Alloy 3103 / 3103A",
      "id": "AA 3103",
      "url": "https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3103.html",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "totalmateria-3103": {
      "title": "Total Materia: SS EN AW-3103 Aluminium Alloys",
      "id": "UNS A93103, AlMn1, 3.0515, EN AW-3103",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3223256",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "Paywalled database (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "alcoa-3xxx-sds": {
      "title": "Alcoa Safety Data Sheet, Wrought Aluminum Products, 3xxx Series Alloys (revision 10-13-2015)",
      "url": "https://docs.kmsheetmetal.com/web/image/734638-a1aa560c/sds-3000-series-alcoa-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2015,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-3103/"
}