{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "aluminium-3003",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "aluminium-alloys",
  "name": "Aluminium alloy 3003",
  "abbreviation": "3003",
  "role": "general-purpose wrought alloy",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "aluminium",
  "summary": "3003 is a wrought aluminium-manganese alloy (UNS A93003, alternate designation 3.0517) with 1.0 to 1.5 wt% manganese and 0.05 to 0.20 wt% copper, aluminium as the balance. The Smiths datasheet says it is 20% stronger than 1100 and rates its corrosion resistance very good; the aircraftmaterials page rates it excellent. Strength depends on temper: the aircraftmaterials table gives 14 to 19 ksi tensile in O and 27 ksi minimum in H18, and Smiths gives 110 MPa tensile for the O condition.\n",
  "best_for": "Sheet and formed parts that need moderate strength, good workability and weldability, and resistance to atmospheric corrosion, such as storage tanks, chemical equipment and heat exchangers, with the temper named",
  "weakest_at": "Strength depends on temper, from 14 to 19 ksi tensile in O to 27 ksi minimum in H18, and no seawater rating or measured corrosion rate for 3003 was found in the sources read",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Al-Mn-Cu wrought alloy (3003). Composition limits in wt%: Mn 1.0 to 1.5, Cu 0.05 to 0.20, Fe max 0.70, Si max 0.60, Zn max 0.10, Mg max 0.05, each other element max 0.05 and total others max 0.15, Al remainder",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "A93003",
        "source": "wiki3003",
        "where": "Opening paragraph, alternate designations include 3.0517 and A93003"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "3.0517",
        "source": "wiki3003",
        "where": "Opening paragraph, alternate designations"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B209",
        "note": "sheet",
        "source": "smith3003",
        "where": "Related Material Specifications, 3003 - 0 Sheet and 3003 H-14 Sheet entries (printed as ASTM B 209)"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4006",
        "note": "sheet",
        "source": "smith3003",
        "where": "Related Material Specifications, 3003 - 0 Sheet entry"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4008",
        "note": "sheet",
        "source": "smith3003",
        "where": "Related Material Specifications, 3003 H-14 Sheet entry"
      },
      {
        "system": "ISO",
        "code": "6361",
        "note": "standard that covers 3003 and its tempers",
        "source": "wiki3003",
        "where": "Opening paragraph, ISO standard 6361"
      }
    ],
    "source": "smith3003",
    "where": "Chemical Composition (weight %) table, Smiths 3003 datasheet. The aircraftmaterials Chemical Composition Limits table and Wikipedia agree on Mn 1.0 to 1.5 and the other limits; Smiths alone prints a minimum of 1.10 and a maximum of 1.50 for Mn"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "thermal-control",
      "propulsion-and-tanks",
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, datasheet value, O",
      "value": 2.73,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, 'The properties above are for material in the soft O condition'"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Smiths 3003 technical datasheet (2023) as g/cm³",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Density row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point, datasheet value, O",
      "value": 655,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, the O condition"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Smiths 3003 technical datasheet (2023)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Melting Point row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, datasheet value, O",
      "value": 23.1,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ppm/K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "temperature_range": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "23.1x10-6 /K as printed, which is 10^-6 per K, the same unit as ppm/K",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, the O condition"
      },
      "method": "Printed as 23.1x10-6 /K in the Smiths datasheet and written here as ppm/K, the same unit",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Expansion row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, datasheet value, O",
      "value": 69.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, the O condition"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Smiths 3003 technical datasheet (2023)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Modulus of Elasticity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, datasheet value, O",
      "value": 190,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m.K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, the O condition"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Smiths 3003 technical datasheet (2023), with the unit as printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, datasheet value, O",
      "value": 110,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, the O condition"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Smiths 3003 technical datasheet (2023)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Tensile Strength row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, datasheet value, O",
      "value": 25,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "specimen": "A50 mm gauge, as printed (Elongation A50 mm)",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, the O condition"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Smiths 3003 technical datasheet (2023)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Elongation A50 mm row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Proof stress, datasheet value, O (printed as Proof Stress)",
      "value": 50,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "offset": "not printed on the datasheet",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, the O condition"
      },
      "method": "Value printed as Proof Stress in the Smiths 3003 technical datasheet (2023); the 0.2 % offset is not printed, so the row is stored as a proof stress",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Proof Stress row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shear_strength",
      "label": "Shear strength, datasheet value, O",
      "value": 75,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, the O condition"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Smiths 3003 technical datasheet (2023); shear_strength is not in property-canon.yaml (see gaps)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Shear Strength row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness_vickers",
      "label": "Hardness, Vickers, datasheet value, O",
      "value": 29,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HV",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O",
        "product_form": "sheet (Smiths lists 3003-0 sheet)",
        "basis": "Smiths note under the table, the O condition"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Smiths 3003 technical datasheet (2023); hardness_vickers is not in property-canon.yaml (see gaps)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Hardness Vickers row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, table value, O, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 14,
      "value_high": 19,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O (printed as 3003-0)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Tensile Strength (ksi min); the printed range 14-19 is stored as value 14 and value_high 19"
      },
      "method": "Value printed as a range in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 3003-0 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, table value, H12, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 17,
      "value_high": 23,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H12 (printed as 3003-H12)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Tensile Strength (ksi min); the printed range 17-23 is stored as value 17 and value_high 23"
      },
      "method": "Value printed as a range in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 3003-H12 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, table value, H14, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 20,
      "value_high": 26,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14 (printed as 3003-H14)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Tensile Strength (ksi min); the printed range 20-26 is stored as value 20 and value_high 26"
      },
      "method": "Value printed as a range in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 3003-H14 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, table value, H16, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 24,
      "value_high": 30,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H16 (printed as 3003-H16)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Tensile Strength (ksi min); the printed range 24-30 is stored as value 24 and value_high 30"
      },
      "method": "Value printed as a range in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row 3003-H16 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, table value, H18, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 27,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H18 (printed as 3003-H18)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Tensile Strength (ksi min); the page prints 27 min for H18"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row 3003- Sheet 0.064 in thick, H18 (27 min)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, table value, O, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O (printed as 3003-0)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Yield Strength (ksi min); the page prints 5 for O"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 3003-0 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, table value, H12, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 12,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H12 (printed as 3003-H12)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Yield Strength (ksi min); the page prints 12 for H12"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 3003-H12 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, table value, H14, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 17,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14 (printed as 3003-H14)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Yield Strength (ksi min); the page prints 17 for H14"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 3003-H14 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, table value, H16, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 21,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H16 (printed as 3003-H16)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Yield Strength (ksi min); the page prints 21 for H16"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row 3003-H16 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, table value, H18, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 24,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H18 (printed as 3003-H18)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "basis": "column headed Yield Strength (ksi min); the page prints 24 for H18"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row 3003- Sheet 0.064 in thick, H18",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, table value, O, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 25,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "O (printed as 3003-0)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "specimen": "elongation in 2 in, as printed (Elongation % in 2 in)",
        "basis": "column headed Elongation % in 2 in 0.064 Sheet"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 3003-0 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, table value, H12, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H12 (printed as 3003-H12)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "specimen": "elongation in 2 in, as printed (Elongation % in 2 in)",
        "basis": "column headed Elongation % in 2 in 0.064 Sheet"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 3003-H12 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, table value, H14, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H14 (printed as 3003-H14)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "specimen": "elongation in 2 in, as printed (Elongation % in 2 in)",
        "basis": "column headed Elongation % in 2 in 0.064 Sheet"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 3003-H14 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, table value, H16, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 4,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H16 (printed as 3003-H16)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "specimen": "elongation in 2 in, as printed (Elongation % in 2 in)",
        "basis": "column headed Elongation % in 2 in 0.064 Sheet"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row 3003-H16 Sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, table value, H18, sheet 0.064 in thick",
      "value": 4,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "H18 (printed as 3003-H18)",
        "product_form": "sheet, 0.064 in thick (as printed)",
        "specimen": "elongation in 2 in, as printed (Elongation % in 2 in)",
        "basis": "column headed Elongation % in 2 in 0.064 Sheet"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the aircraftmaterials 3003 technical data sheet, table titled Typical Mechanical Properties",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row 3003- Sheet 0.064 in thick, H18",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
        "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Atmosphere, general (no exposure data)",
      "headline": "Smiths rates 3003 very good for resistance to atmospheric corrosion.",
      "effect": "The Smiths datasheet says 3003 has very good resistance to atmospheric corrosion, and its Corrosion Resistance box reads Very good. It gives no exposure time, pit depth or corrosion rate, and it is a datasheet rating rather than a test result.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated",
        "basis": "manufacturer datasheet rating, not a test result"
      },
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Product Description paragraph and Corrosion Resistance box"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Atmosphere, general (no exposure data)",
      "headline": "The aircraftmaterials page rates 3003 excellent for corrosion resistance, as it does alloy 1100.",
      "effect": "The page says that, as with alloy 1100, 3003 has excellent corrosion resistance and workability. It names no exposure environment, exposure time or rate. Its wording is stronger than the Smiths rating for the same alloy, and both are kept as printed.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated",
        "basis": "distributor description, not a test result"
      },
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Product description paragraph"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Seawater (no 3003 rating printed)",
      "headline": "No seawater rating for 3003 is printed in the sources read. The Smiths 5052 datasheet rates 5052 very good against seawater, which is a different alloy.",
      "effect": "The Smiths 3003 datasheet has no seawater line. The Smiths 5052 datasheet rates 5052 very good against seawater and marine atmospheres, but that is a rating for 5052, not for 3003, and no measured seawater rate for either alloy was read in this run.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "no seawater rating for 3003 in the sources read"
      },
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Key features and Corrosion Resistance box (no seawater line)"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "PubChem's aggregated GHS reports for aluminum metal (4,079 company reports) give H250 in 34.2% of reports (catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air), H261 in 90.8% (in contact with water releases flammable gas) and H228 in 60.6% (flammable solid). 8.3% of reports say it does not meet GHS criteria. These are element-level statements, not a classification of 3003 as supplied.",
        "ghs": [
          "H250",
          "H261",
          "H228"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-al",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 5359268)"
      },
      {
        "text": "PubChem's aggregated GHS reports for manganese (3,101 company reports) give H319 in 14.8% of reports (causes serious eye irritation), H228 in 11.6% (flammable solid), H411 in 10.9% and H412 in 10.8% (aquatic hazards). 46.1% of reports say it does not meet GHS criteria. Single notifications on the same page also list H360 (may damage fertility or the unborn child), H370 and H372 (damage to organs). These are element-level statements, not a classification of 3003.",
        "ghs": [
          "H319",
          "H228",
          "H411",
          "H412"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-mn",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 23930)"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Loss of ductility in harder tempers",
        "trigger": "Bending or forming H16 or H18 sheet to a tight radius",
        "consequence": "On the aircraftmaterials page, elongation falls from 25 % in O to 4 % in H16 and H18 (0.064 in sheet), and the minimum 90-degree bend radius rises from 0 T in O to 1 1/2 to 3 T in H18.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
        "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, Elongation and Min 90 degree Cold Bend Radius columns"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Name the temper and the specification on every order. Smiths lists ASTM B 209 for sheet, and AMS 4006 and AMS 4008 for 3003-0 and H-14 sheet.",
        "source": "smith3003",
        "where": "Related Material Specifications"
      },
      {
        "text": "Choose the temper from the bend radius you need. O, H12 and H14 sheet (0.064 in) form at a 0 T minimum 90-degree radius, H16 needs 1/2 to 1 1/2 T and H18 needs 1 1/2 to 3 T.",
        "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
        "where": "Min 90 degree Cold Bend Radius column"
      },
      {
        "text": "Read the supplier's safety data sheet before cutting, grinding or welding. The PubChem data are element-level only.",
        "source": "pubchem-al",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification"
      },
      {
        "text": "Smiths rates 3003 very good for weldability. No welding procedure, filler or joint data for 3003 was read in this run.",
        "source": "smith3003",
        "where": "Key features and Weldability box"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Form in O or H12 when the part needs tight bends. The datasheet gives a 0 T minimum bend for those tempers and for H14.",
        "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
        "where": "Min 90 degree Cold Bend Radius column"
      },
      {
        "text": "Use H16 or H18 only where the strength is needed and a wider bend radius is allowed, since the table gives 1/2 to 1 1/2 T and 1 1/2 to 3 T for them.",
        "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
        "where": "Min 90 degree Cold Bend Radius column"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "thermal-control",
      "device": "Heat exchangers",
      "example": "The Smiths datasheet lists heat exchangers among the typical applications of 3003.",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Applications list"
    },
    {
      "application": "propulsion-and-tanks",
      "device": "Storage tanks and chemical equipment",
      "example": "Smiths and the aircraftmaterials page both list storage tanks and chemical equipment among typical 3003 uses.",
      "source": "smith3003",
      "where": "Applications list"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Decorative trim",
      "example": "The aircraftmaterials page lists decorative trim among the uses of alloy 3003, alongside chemical equipment, cooking equipment and storage tanks.",
      "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
      "where": "Product description paragraph"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Aluminium (primary smelter production)",
      "abundance": "USGS: global resources of bauxite are estimated at 55 billion to 75 billion tons and are sufficient to meet world demand for aluminum metal well into the future.",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 60.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 4.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United Arab Emirates",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "EU critical raw materials list, 2023 (aluminium and bauxite merged, per the Commission page)",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: aluminum recovered from purchased scrap in the United States was about 3.6 million tons in 2025, and old-scrap recovery equalled about 28% of apparent consumption. US net import reliance was 60% in 2025e.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: copper can replace aluminum in electrical and heat-exchange applications; composites, steel, vinyl and wood can substitute for aluminum in construction."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum",
      "where": "World Smelter Production and Capacity table, 2025e (world total 74,000 thousand t; shares calculated from the printed tonnages of 45,000, 4,200, 3,900, 3,300 and 2,700); Recycling; Substitutes; World Resources; Salient Statistics"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Bauxite (aluminium ore)",
      "abundance": "USGS: bauxite resources are estimated to range from 55 billion to 75 billion tons. World bauxite reserves were 29,000,000 thousand t.",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Guinea",
          "share_percent": 34.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Australia",
          "share_percent": 22,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 19.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Brazil",
          "share_percent": 7.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "EU critical raw materials list, 2023 (bauxite listed, merged with aluminium)",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: none.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: bauxite is the only raw material used in the production of alumina on a commercial scale in the United States. Clay is technically feasible but not currently economically competitive."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-bauxite-alumina",
      "where": "World Alumina Refinery and Bauxite Mine Production table, bauxite 2025e (world total 440,000 thousand t; shares calculated from the printed tonnages); Recycling; Substitutes; Salient Statistics (US net import reliance above 75% in 2025e)"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Alumina (aluminium oxide)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 62,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Australia",
          "share_percent": 11.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Brazil",
          "share_percent": 7.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.5,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "EU critical raw materials list, 2023 (alumina is not listed separately)",
          "listed": false
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: none.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: alumina from clay and other materials is technically feasible but not currently economically competitive with bauxite-based alumina."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-bauxite-alumina",
      "where": "World Alumina Refinery and Bauxite Mine Production table, alumina 2025e (world total 150,000 thousand t; shares calculated from the printed tonnages); Import Sources, 2021 to 2024 (Brazil 71%); Salient Statistics (US net import reliance 71% in 2025e)"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Manganese (ore, manganese content)",
      "abundance": "USGS: land-based manganese resources are large but irregularly distributed, and South Africa accounts for an estimated 70% of world resources. World reserves are 1,800,000 thousand t.",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "South Africa",
          "share_percent": 38,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Gabon",
          "share_percent": 25,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Ghana",
          "share_percent": 10,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Australia",
          "share_percent": 8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Brazil",
          "share_percent": 4,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "EU critical raw materials list, 2023 (manganese listed)",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: manganese was recycled incidentally with ferrous and nonferrous scrap, but scrap recovery specifically for manganese was negligible. It is recovered with iron from steel slag.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: manganese has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-manganese",
      "where": "World Mine Production (manganese content) and Reserves table, 2025e (world total 20,000 thousand t; shares calculated from the printed tonnages); Salient Statistics (US net import reliance 100% in 2025e); US mine production none"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "5052 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/5xxx/5052.pdf",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Bauxite and Alumina",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-bauxite-alumina.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Manganese",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-manganese.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Critical raw materials (European Commission)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/raw-materials/areas-specific-interest/critical-raw-materials_en"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem: Aluminum, CID 5359268, Safety and Hazards",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem: Manganese, CID 23930, Safety and Hazards",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23930"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "H24: no source read prints H24. The aircraftmaterials table covers O, H12, H14, H16 and H18, and Smiths covers O only, so H24 is not recorded.",
    "EN AW-3003 and AlMn1Cu (the EN chemical-name form) are not printed on any page read in this run, so they are not listed as designations. The Wikipedia page gives only 3.0517 and A93003.",
    "UNS A93003 and the 3.0517 numeral are printed only on the Wikipedia page, which cites MakeItFrom. MakeItFrom returned a bot challenge and could not be read, and no manufacturer page read here prints either code.",
    "Not found in any source read: specific heat, electrical resistivity or conductivity, Poisson ratio, shear modulus, fatigue strength, and any thermal or elastic value for the H tempers.",
    "Melting: only one value, 655 °C from Smiths. No solidus and liquidus range was read.",
    "Proof stress (Smiths, O, 50 MPa) is stored as yield_strength, and its 0.2 % offset is not printed. The aircraftmaterials yield for O (5 ksi min) is kept as a separate row.",
    "Non-canonical names: shear_strength (Smiths, 75 MPa, O) and hardness_vickers (Smiths, 29 HV, O) are not in property-canon.yaml. Short names are used, and the import will need canon entries for them.",
    "Smiths values are for the O condition only, by its own note. No thermal, elastic or density value for H12 to H18 was found.",
    "Composition: Smiths prints a minimum of 1.10 wt% Mn, while the aircraftmaterials page and Wikipedia give 1.0. The file uses 1.0 to 1.5 and records the Smiths minimum in the Mn share_note.",
    "Corrosion: no measured rate, pit depth, exposure time or salt-spray result for 3003 was read. The ratings are very good (Smiths) and excellent (aircraftmaterials), with no environment named.",
    "No seawater rating for 3003 is printed in any source read. The Smiths 5052 rating is for another alloy and is not used as a 3003 value.",
    "No supplier safety data sheet for 3003 was read. Hazards are PubChem element-level data for aluminium and manganese, and dust or fume from machining or welding is not recorded.",
    "Failure: no test or field failure record for 3003 was read. The only failure route recorded is ductility loss in harder tempers, from the aircraftmaterials table.",
    "Welding: only the Smiths rating (very good) is recorded. No filler, heat-affected-zone or joint-efficiency data was read.",
    "Standards: ASTM B 209 minimum strengths, the AMS 4006 and AMS 4008 limits, and ISO 6361 were not opened, so no design minimums are recorded. QQ-A-250/2, printed on both datasheets, is not listed because the designation list has no system for it.",
    "Critical lists: the EU 2023 list is read. The USGS 2025 critical minerals list was not checked in this run.",
    "Shares for aluminium, bauxite, alumina and manganese are calculated from the printed USGS tonnages, not printed as percentages.",
    "Formability: the minimum bend radius is stored as text in story.can_do, because the page prints fractions of thickness (1/2, 1 1/2, 3 T) that a numeric value field cannot hold exactly.",
    "The aircraftmaterials table headings say ksi min, but the page prints ranges for O, H12, H14 and H16. The file stores them as printed and does not decide the basis.",
    "The aircraftmaterials page title also names 3003A. That is a separate grade, and no code was taken from it.",
    "Smiths 5052 values are for the H32 condition. They are used only in the comparison text, not as 3003 values.",
    "Source type: all 3003 strength and physical values come from two distributor datasheets (Smiths and AircraftMaterials). No mill or manufacturer datasheet for 3003 was reached in this run.",
    "No images or diagrams were added."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Aluminium alloy 3003 is a wrought alloy in the 3xxx (manganese) series. Manganese, at 1.0 to 1.5 wt%, is the main addition. The aircraftmaterials page says it makes 3003 20% stronger than alloy 1100, and that the alloy keeps the corrosion resistance and workability of commercially pure aluminium. The temper code (for example O, H14 or H18) records the cold work given, and this profile keeps each temper apart. Smiths lists storage tanks, chemical equipment, cooking and kitchen equipment and heat exchangers as its typical uses.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Heat exchangers",
        "line": "Smiths lists heat exchangers among typical applications."
      },
      {
        "where": "Storage tanks and chemical equipment",
        "line": "Smiths and the aircraftmaterials page both list these uses."
      },
      {
        "where": "Cooking and kitchen equipment",
        "line": "Smiths and the aircraftmaterials page both list cooking and kitchen equipment. This is a consumer use, not a space use."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Strength by temper",
        "line": "Tensile strength rises from 14 to 19 ksi in O, through 17 to 23 ksi in H12, 20 to 26 ksi in H14 and 24 to 30 ksi in H16, to 27 ksi minimum in H18 (aircraftmaterials, 0.064 in sheet, each temper kept separate).",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "14 to 19 ksi (O) up to 27 ksi min (H18) tensile"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield by temper",
        "line": "The yield column gives 5 ksi in O, 12 ksi in H12, 17 ksi in H14, 21 ksi in H16 and 24 ksi in H18 (ksi min, as printed).",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "5 ksi (O) to 24 ksi (H18)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Elongation",
        "line": "Elongation in 2 in falls from 25 % in O to 6 % in H12, 5 % in H14 and 4 % in H16 and H18. Smiths gives 25 % in O on a 50 mm gauge.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "25 % (O) to 4 % (H16, H18)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stiffness and weight",
        "line": "In the O condition, density is 2.73 g/cm3 and the modulus of elasticity is 69.5 GPa (Smiths).",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "2.73 g/cm3 and 69.5 GPa (O)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Heat conduction",
        "line": "Thermal conductivity is 190 W/m.K in the O condition (Smiths).",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "190 W/m.K (O)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal expansion",
        "line": "Smiths prints 23.1x10-6 /K for the O condition, which is 23.1 ppm/K.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "23.1 ppm/K (O)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Melting point",
        "line": "Smiths gives a single melting point of 655 °C. A solidus and liquidus range is not printed.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "655 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Formability",
        "line": "The minimum 90-degree cold bend radius for 0.064 in sheet is 0 T in O, H12 and H14, 1/2 to 1 1/2 T in H16 and 1 1/2 to 3 T in H18.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "0 T (O, H12, H14) to 1 1/2 to 3 T (H18) minimum 90-degree bend"
      },
      {
        "label": "Corrosion resistance",
        "line": "Smiths rates atmospheric corrosion resistance very good, and the aircraftmaterials page says excellent. Neither gives an environment, exposure time or rate.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "very good (Smiths) and excellent (aircraftmaterials)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weldability",
        "line": "The Smiths datasheet rates 3003 very good for weldability. No welding procedure or joint data was read.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "very good (Smiths)"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Compared with 5052, the two datasheets read here point in different directions. The Smiths 5052 datasheet says that, when annealed, 5052 is stronger than 1100 and 3003, and it rates 5052 very good against seawater and marine atmospheres. The Smiths 3003 datasheet gives no seawater rating, only very good resistance to atmospheric corrosion. The two records use different tempers (O for 3003 here, H32 for 5052 in its Smiths table), so they do not give a like-for-like strength ranking, and this profile makes none. The main addition is manganese for 3003 and magnesium for 5052. On these sources 5052 has the printed seawater rating. See the aluminium-5052 profile for its own values.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal expansion",
        "benchmark": "cte",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Name the temper and the specification on every order. Smiths lists ASTM B 209 for sheet, and AMS 4006 and AMS 4008 for 3003-0 and H-14 sheet.",
      "Choose the temper from the bend radius you need. O, H12 and H14 form at 0 T, H16 needs 1/2 to 1 1/2 T and H18 needs 1 1/2 to 3 T (aircraftmaterials, 0.064 in sheet).",
      "Read the supplier safety data sheet before cutting, grinding or welding. The PubChem data are element-level only.",
      "Smiths rates the weldability very good. No welding procedure, filler or joint data for 3003 was read in this run."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Sheet and formed parts that need moderate strength, good workability and weldability, and atmospheric corrosion resistance, with the temper named.",
      "Storage tanks and chemical equipment, listed by both Smiths and the aircraftmaterials page, and heat exchangers, listed by Smiths.",
      "Light parts where O or H12 is needed for tight bends."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Strength depends on temper: tensile runs from 14 to 19 ksi in O to 27 ksi minimum in H18, so always name the temper.",
      "The Smiths O-temper values (110 MPa tensile, 50 MPa proof stress) and the aircraftmaterials ksi table are different sources on the same temper, and both are datasheet values, not design allowables.",
      "No design allowables, such as ASTM B 209 minimum strengths, were read, so the values here are not for design.",
      "The sources disagree on minimum manganese (Smiths 1.10, aircraftmaterials 1.0) and on corrosion wording (very good against excellent). The file keeps each printed value and names its source.",
      "No measured seawater corrosion rate or galvanic data for 3003 was found.",
      "No H24 values were found in any source read, so H24 is not recorded."
    ],
    "verdict": "3003 is a general-purpose manganese alloy whose strength is set by its temper, and two datasheets rate its atmospheric corrosion resistance very good or excellent. Name the temper on every order, bend within the minimum radius for that temper, and treat the corrosion wording as a datasheet claim until a measured rate is read.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Wrought aluminium-manganese alloy with 1.0 to 1.5 wt% manganese and 0.05 to 0.20 wt% copper, iron and silicon held to 0.70 and 0.60 wt% maximum, and aluminium as the balance (Smiths and aircraftmaterials composition tables; Wikipedia agrees). Manganese is the main addition. The alloy is sold as sheet, plate, tube and foil (aircraftmaterials).",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "Matrix of the alloy (the balance of the composition).",
          "share_note": "balance (Smiths Bal; aircraftmaterials Rem)",
          "source": "smith3003",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Al column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Manganese",
          "symbol": "Mn",
          "role": "Main alloying element. The aircraftmaterials page says manganese increases the strength, making 3003 20% stronger than alloy 1100.",
          "share_percent": 1,
          "share_high": 1.5,
          "share_note": "Smiths prints min 1.10 and max 1.50; aircraftmaterials prints 1.0 to 1.5",
          "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
          "where": "Chemical Composition Limits table, Mn column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "Minor addition inside the composition limits.",
          "share_percent": 0.05,
          "share_high": 0.2,
          "source": "aircraft-3003-sheet",
          "where": "Chemical Composition Limits table, Cu column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Impurity, held to a maximum limit.",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.70",
          "source": "smith3003",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Fe max column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Silicon",
          "symbol": "Si",
          "role": "Impurity, held to a maximum limit.",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.60",
          "source": "smith3003",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Si max column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Zinc",
          "symbol": "Zn",
          "role": "Impurity, held to a maximum limit.",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.10",
          "source": "smith3003",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Zn max column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Magnesium",
          "symbol": "Mg",
          "role": "Impurity, held to a maximum limit.",
          "share_note": "maximum 0.05, printed by Smiths only",
          "source": "smith3003",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Mg max column"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "No supplier safety data sheet for 3003 was read in this run. The element-level PubChem data for aluminium and manganese is in the hazards list, but no toxicity or dust data for the alloy was found.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "What the sources cover",
            "line": "The datasheets describe strength, corrosion, workability and specifications, not health effects. Before cutting, grinding or welding, read the supplier safety data sheet for the exact product."
          }
        ],
        "gap": "Hazard classification of 3003 as supplied, and of dust or fume from machining or welding, was not found in a source opened in this run."
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The one failure route read in this run is loss of ductility in harder tempers. It comes from datasheet values, not from field or test failure records.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Bending harder tempers",
            "line": "The aircraftmaterials table gives 4 % elongation in H16 and H18 against 25 % in O, and a minimum 90-degree bend radius of 1 1/2 to 3 T for H18."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Temper",
            "line": "Name the temper and the specification on every order, and check it on receipt. Smiths lists ASTM B 209 for sheet, and AMS 4006 and AMS 4008 for 3003-0 and H-14 sheet."
          },
          {
            "label": "Bending",
            "line": "Choose the temper from the bend radius needed. O, H12 and H14 bend at 0 T, H16 needs 1/2 to 1 1/2 T and H18 needs 1 1/2 to 3 T."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-24",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 25,
    "unreachable": 9,
    "caveats": 5,
    "note": "Written 2026-10-24 by an AI assistant from pages fetched in this run. Smiths values are for the O condition, as its own note says. The aircraftmaterials table prints ksi ranges for O, H12, H14 and H16 under a min heading, and they are stored as printed. EN AW-3003 and AlMn1Cu are not printed on any page read, so they are not listed. Unreachable: MakeItFrom (bot challenge), MatWeb SpecificMaterial pages (Cloudflare challenge), MatWeb datasheet print (no text), ASM alloy data 06821G (no readable text), NIST Davis handbook and anodizing PDFs (no file returned), the Aluminium Matters page (host not resolved), eFunda and AZoM 2783 (not found)."
  },
  "sources": {
    "smith3003": {
      "title": "3003 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
      "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/3xxx/3003.pdf",
      "year": 2023,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "aircraft-3003-sheet": {
      "title": "Aluminium Alloy 3003 / 3003A Technical Data Sheet (AircraftMaterials UK)",
      "id": "AircraftMaterials UK technical data sheet page for alloy 3003 (3003A is a separate grade and is not used)",
      "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/3003.html",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "distributor web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "smith5052": {
      "title": "5052 Aluminium Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres, UK)",
      "id": "Smiths Metal Centres data sheet, copyright 2023; values are for H32 and are used here for the comparison text only",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/5xxx/5052.pdf",
      "year": 2023,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "distributor datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "wiki3003": {
      "title": "3003 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia), used for designations and composition cross-check only",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3003_aluminium_alloy",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-bauxite-alumina": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Bauxite and Alumina",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-bauxite-alumina.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-manganese": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Manganese",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-manganese.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "ec-crm-list": {
      "title": "Critical raw materials (European Commission, fifth list 2023)",
      "id": "European Commission critical raw materials page",
      "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/raw-materials/areas-specific-interest/critical-raw-materials_en",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "European Commission web page"
    },
    "pubchem-al": {
      "title": "Aluminum, PubChem compound CID 5359268: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification",
      "id": "PubChem CID 5359268 (PUG View JSON, read 2026-10-24); aggregated from ECHA C&L notifications",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem (NCBI) public data"
    },
    "pubchem-mn": {
      "title": "Manganese, PubChem compound CID 23930: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification",
      "id": "PubChem CID 23930 (PUG View JSON, read 2026-10-24); aggregated from ECHA C&L notifications",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23930",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem (NCBI) public data"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-3003/"
}