{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "aluminium-2618a",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "aluminium-alloys",
  "name": "Aluminium alloy 2618A",
  "abbreviation": "2618A",
  "role": "high-temperature forged and extruded aerospace alloy, piston and rotating-part alloy",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "aluminium",
  "summary": "2618A (AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, also written AA 2618A, EN AW-2618A and in older UK use DTD 5014A or BS H16) is a heat-treatable wrought aluminium alloy of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ni family, with about 1.8 to 2.7 % copper, 1.2 to 1.8 % magnesium and 0.8 to 1.4 % nickel. Its T6 temper (solution treated and artificially aged, or T6511 with controlled stretching) has a minimum 0.2 % proof stress of 320 MPa and a minimum tensile strength of 400 MPa for extruded bar under 10 mm thick (Smiths DTD 5014A minima). A supplier datasheet gives a T6 density of 2.76 g/cm³, a melting point of 549 °C and a maximum use temperature of 300 °C. The alloy is the high-temperature cousin of 2024 and 7075 and is widely used for pistons and rotating aircraft parts. Its ancestor R.R.58 (named 2618 in the Wikipedia Hiduminium article) was the main structural material of the Concorde airframe. No flight record for 2618A itself was found in the sources read.\n",
  "best_for": "Forged or extruded rotating parts, pistons and hot structural parts that must keep strength near 200 °C (Smiths datasheet and AircraftMaterials)",
  "weakest_at": "Fusion welding (not recommended by the supplier) and atmospheric corrosion resistance, which the supplier rates only fair to medium without protection",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Al-Cu-Mg-Ni alloy, AlCu2Mg1.5Ni (EN AW-2618A family): Cu 1.8 to 2.7, Mg 1.2 to 1.8, Ni 0.8 to 1.4, Fe 0.9 to 1.4, Si 0.15 to 0.25, Mn max 0.25, Zn max 0.15, Ti max 0.20 wt%, Al balance",
    "cas": "",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "A92618",
        "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
        "where": "Standards list on the 2618A T6 page, row Barra de extrusion (UNS A92618 printed for 2618A T6 bar)"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "3.1924",
        "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
        "where": "Standards list on the 2618A T6 page, WNR 3.1924"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN name",
        "code": "EN AW-2618A",
        "source": "smiths-2618a",
        "where": "Chemical composition line, General Engineering Euronorm row: EN 573 EN AW-2618A (AlCu2Mg1.5Ni)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ISO",
        "code": "AlCu2Mg1.5Ni",
        "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
        "where": "Standards list on the 2618A T6 page, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni"
      },
      {
        "system": "AA",
        "code": "2618A",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials-2618a",
        "where": "Page title and composition table, row Alloy 2618A EAA"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B221",
        "note": "extruded bar, tube, wire, profile",
        "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
        "where": "Standards list on the 2618A T6 page, ASTM B221 for extrusion bar"
      },
      {
        "system": "BS",
        "code": "H16",
        "note": "old pre-1980 British specification",
        "source": "smiths-2618a",
        "where": "Specification row Old BS (pre-1980) Specification - H16"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "Hiduminium 58",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials-2618a",
        "where": "Specifications list, row Hiduminium 58 (the Rolls-Royce R.R. family name; see the Wikipedia Hiduminium article)"
      }
    ],
    "source": "aircraftmaterials-2618a",
    "where": "Chemical Composition Limits table, column Alloy 2618A EAA (Si 0.15 to 0.25, Fe 0.9 to 1.4, Cu 1.8 to 2.7, Mn 0.25 max, Mg 1.2 to 1.8, Ni 0.8 to 1.4, Zn 0.15 max, Ti 0.20 max). The DTD 5014A composition on the Smiths datasheet (Cu 1.8 to 2.7, Mg 1.2 to 1.8, Ni 0.8 to 1.4, Fe 0.9 to 1.4) agrees on the main elements."
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures",
      "mechanisms",
      "propulsion-and-tanks"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, 2618A T6",
      "value": 2.76,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm³",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (page title ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6)",
        "form": "extruded bar (page title)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, 2618A bar, plate and tube",
      "value": 2.75,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cc",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "bar, plate and tube (as printed)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the product description of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Product Description paragraph, sentence The alloy has a density of 2.75 g/cc",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet",
        "id": "EN AW-2618A, DTD 5014A, BS H16",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point, 2618A T6",
      "value": 549,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (page title)",
        "form": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Single value printed on a supplier datasheet page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Melting Point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
      "label": "Maximum use temperature, 2618A",
      "value": 300,
      "bound": "upper",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 or T6511 (as printed)",
        "basis": "maximum use temperature as printed by the supplier"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the product description of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Product Description paragraph, sentence 2618A can be employed to a maximum of 300°C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet",
        "id": "EN AW-2618A, DTD 5014A, BS H16",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, 2618A T6",
      "value": 21.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (page title)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet page (printed as µm/m°C)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Expansion",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, 2618A T6",
      "value": 71,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (page title)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Modulus of Elasticity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, 2618A T6",
      "value": 147,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m.K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (page title)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, 2618A T6",
      "value": 350,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (page title)",
        "form": "extruded bar (page title)",
        "measure": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Yield Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate tensile strength, 2618A T6",
      "value": 420,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (page title)",
        "form": "extruded bar (page title)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Ultimate Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shear_strength",
      "label": "Shear strength, 2618A T6",
      "value": 260,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (page title)",
        "form": "extruded bar (page title)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Shear Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "brinell_hardness",
      "label": "Brinell hardness, 2618A T6",
      "value": 120,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HB",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (page title)",
        "form": "extruded bar (page title)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier datasheet page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Hardness",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Minimum 0.2 % proof stress, 2618A T6 bar up to 10 mm",
      "value": 320,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (minima for T6 condition bar and sections, DTD 5014A)",
        "thickness": "up to and including 10 mm",
        "basis": "minimum specification value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the mechanical properties table of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (Minima for T6 Condition Bar/Sections - DTD5014A) table, thickness 10 or less row, 0.2% PS column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet",
        "id": "EN AW-2618A, DTD 5014A, BS H16",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Minimum tensile strength, 2618A T6 bar up to 10 mm",
      "value": 400,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (minima for T6 condition bar and sections, DTD 5014A)",
        "thickness": "up to and including 10 mm",
        "basis": "minimum specification value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the mechanical properties table of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (Minima for T6 Condition Bar/Sections - DTD5014A) table, thickness 10 or less row, UTS column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet",
        "id": "EN AW-2618A, DTD 5014A, BS H16",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Minimum elongation on 50 mm, 2618A T6 bar up to 10 mm",
      "value": 5,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (minima for T6 condition bar and sections, DTD 5014A)",
        "thickness": "up to and including 10 mm",
        "gauge_length": "50 mm",
        "basis": "minimum specification value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the mechanical properties table of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (Minima for T6 Condition Bar/Sections - DTD5014A) table, thickness 10 or less row, Elong % on 50 mm column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet",
        "id": "EN AW-2618A, DTD 5014A, BS H16",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Minimum 0.2 % proof stress, 2618A T6 bar 10 to 100 mm",
      "value": 340,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (minima for T6 condition bar and sections, DTD 5014A)",
        "thickness": "over 10 up to and including 100 mm",
        "basis": "minimum specification value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the mechanical properties table of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (Minima for T6 Condition Bar/Sections - DTD5014A) table, thickness 10 to 100 row, 0.2% PS column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet",
        "id": "EN AW-2618A, DTD 5014A, BS H16",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Minimum tensile strength, 2618A T6 bar 10 to 100 mm",
      "value": 420,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (minima for T6 condition bar and sections, DTD 5014A)",
        "thickness": "over 10 up to and including 100 mm",
        "basis": "minimum specification value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the mechanical properties table of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (Minima for T6 Condition Bar/Sections - DTD5014A) table, thickness 10 to 100 row, UTS column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet",
        "id": "EN AW-2618A, DTD 5014A, BS H16",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Minimum elongation on 50 mm, 2618A T6 bar 10 to 100 mm",
      "value": 7,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T6 (minima for T6 condition bar and sections, DTD 5014A)",
        "thickness": "over 10 up to and including 100 mm",
        "gauge_length": "50 mm",
        "basis": "minimum specification value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the mechanical properties table of a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (Minima for T6 Condition Bar/Sections - DTD5014A) table, thickness 10 to 100 row, Elong % on 50 mm column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet",
        "id": "EN AW-2618A, DTD 5014A, BS H16",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Atmospheric exposure, general service (supplier rating, no test conditions)",
      "headline": "The supplier rates resistance to atmospheric attack as fair.",
      "effect": "The Smiths datasheet rates 2618A as Fair for resistance to atmospheric attack. No exposure time, rate or test environment is given.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative supplier rating only (printed as Fair; mapped to the nearest enum value)",
        "test": "none stated"
      },
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Corrosion Resistance box, row Resistance to Atmospheric Attack"
    },
    {
      "environment": "General service (supplier selection rating, Spanish-language page)",
      "headline": "Referans Metal rates the corrosion resistance of 2618A T6 as medium.",
      "effect": "The properties summary for 2618A T6 rates corrosion resistance as Media (medium), with strength rated high, machinability moderate, weldability low, formability good and heat treatment yes. No test environment or exposure time is given.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative supplier rating only",
        "test": "none stated"
      },
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Propiedades caracteristicas de 2618A T6 list, row Resistencia a la corrosion"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Anodising (surface treatment, supplier rating)",
      "headline": "Anodising is rated fair for protection, and it is the usual way to add protection.",
      "effect": "The Smiths datasheet rates anodising as Protective Fair, Hard Fair and Colour Fair, and Bright Unsuitable. The Referans page says that anodising and coatings improve corrosion resistance of 2618A. No corrosion test data is given.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative supplier rating only (printed as Fair; mapped to the nearest enum value)",
        "test": "none stated"
      },
      "source": "smiths-2618a",
      "where": "Surface Treatment box, Anodising row"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "The Hydro safety data sheet for the wrought 2xxx series (revised 2018) lists aluminium at 85 to 97 % with the GHS classes Flam. Sol. 1 H228 and Water-react. 2 H261, plus a combustible dust hazard, and says metallic dusts may ignite or explode. The sheet covers the whole 2xxx family, not 2618A alone, so these classes are a family-level reading.",
        "ghs": [
          "H228",
          "H261"
        ],
        "source": "hydro-2xxx-sds",
        "where": "Section 3 composition table, row Aluminum; Section 2 text on metallic dust"
      },
      {
        "text": "The same Hydro sheet lists nickel (up to 2.4 %) with Skin Sens. 1 H317, Carc. 2 H351 (inhalation) and STOT RE 1 H372 (lungs). 2618A contains 0.8 to 1.4 % nickel, so the nickel hazard applies in principle, but the sheet describes the 2xxx family and not 2618A itself.",
        "ghs": [
          "H317",
          "H351",
          "H372"
        ],
        "source": "hydro-2xxx-sds",
        "where": "Section 2.1 classification and Section 3 composition table, row Nickel; hazard statements list"
      },
      {
        "text": "The same Hydro sheet says that inhaling dusts and fumes can cause metal fume fever, and that small chips, fine turnings and dust from processing may be toxic to aquatic life.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "hydro-2xxx-sds",
        "where": "Section 2.3 Other Hazards"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Poor fusion-weld joints",
        "trigger": "Fusion or gas welding of 2618A parts",
        "consequence": "The Smiths datasheet lists brazing, soldering, oxygen welding and inert-gas welding as Not Recommended. The Referans page rates weldability as low and says mechanical joints are generally preferred. No weld-strength figure was found.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "smiths-2618a",
        "where": "Weldability box, rows Brazing and Soldering, Oxygen and Inert Gas; Referans Metal properties summary, row Soldabilidad Baja"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Strength loss at elevated temperature",
        "trigger": "Service above about 200 °C, up to the 300 °C maximum",
        "consequence": "The Smiths datasheet says the alloy retains its mechanical strength relatively well to around 200 °C and above, with a maximum use of 300 °C. No strength-versus-temperature figure was found in the sources read.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "smiths-2618a",
        "where": "Product Description paragraph, sentences on maximum 300 °C and strength to around 200 °C"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Surface corrosion of unprotected parts",
        "trigger": "Long atmospheric exposure without anodising or a coating",
        "consequence": "The supplier rates atmospheric resistance as fair (Smiths) and medium (Referans Metal), and recommends protective finishes. No pit depth, rate or test result for this alloy was found.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "smiths-2618a",
        "where": "Corrosion Resistance box and Surface Treatment box; Referans Metal properties summary"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Keep machining dust and fines under control. The Hydro sheet says metallic dusts may ignite or explode and that the product dust may be toxic to aquatic life. It also says to avoid breathing dust or fume.",
        "source": "hydro-2xxx-sds",
        "where": "Section 2.3 text on metallic dust; precautionary statement P260 Do not breathe dust, fume"
      },
      {
        "text": "Specify T6 or T6511 and the product form before comparing values, because the datasheets give minima for bar and sections and the two tempers differ in how they are made.",
        "source": "smiths-2618a",
        "where": "Product Description paragraph (T6 and T6511 tempers); Mechanical Properties minima table"
      },
      {
        "text": "Use mechanical joints rather than fusion welding. The Smiths datasheet lists brazing and welding as Not Recommended, and the Referans page rates weldability as low.",
        "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
        "where": "Propiedades caracteristicas list, row Soldabilidad Baja, and the Smiths Weldability box"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "mechanisms",
      "device": "Pistons and rotating aircraft parts",
      "example": "AircraftMaterials says 2618A is commonly used for pistons and rotating aircraft parts because it works at higher temperatures, and that it has become very popular for motor racing pistons.",
      "source": "aircraftmaterials-2618a",
      "where": "Introduction paragraph of the Technical Data Sheet"
    },
    {
      "application": "propulsion-and-tanks",
      "device": "Aircraft engine components",
      "example": "The Referans Metal page lists aircraft engine use in its list of well-known applications for 2618A T6, with aerospace and defence components.",
      "source": "referansmetal-2618a",
      "where": "Algunas aplicaciones bien conocidas para 2618A T6 list, first bullet"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Concorde airframe (grade named 2618 in the source, not 2618A)",
      "example": "The Wikipedia Hiduminium article identifies R.R.58, also known as Aluminium 2618, as the main structural material of the Concorde airframe in the 1960s and 1970s. The article names 2618 and not 2618A, so this is a use of the parent grade.",
      "source": "wiki-hiduminium",
      "where": "In jet engines section, paragraph on R.R.58 and the Concorde airframe"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Primary aluminium smelter production, 2025 estimate (world)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 60.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 4.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United Arab Emirates",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: in 2025 about 3.6 million tons of aluminum were recovered from purchased scrap in the United States, about 56 % from new scrap and 44 % from old scrap. Old-scrap recovery was equivalent to about 28 % of apparent consumption.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: composites can substitute for aluminum in aircraft fuselages and wings."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum",
      "where": "World Smelter Production and Capacity table, column 2025e: China 45,000, India 4,200, Russia 3,900, Canada 3,300, United Arab Emirates 2,700, world total (rounded) 74,000 thousand t. Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those printed values. Recycling and Substitutes sections."
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet (bar and plate, composition, DTD 5014A minima, surface treatment)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page (chemical, physical and mechanical tables, standards list)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es"
    },
    {
      "title": "AircraftMaterialsUK: Aluminium Alloy 2618A DTD 5014A Technical Data Sheet",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/2618a.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: Hiduminium (R.R. alloys, R.R.58 named as Aluminium 2618 and used in the Concorde airframe)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiduminium",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Hydro Extrusion USA: Safety Data Sheet, Wrought Aluminum Products, 2xxx Series Alloys (revision 08/14/2018, issued 09/17/2014)",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://www.hydro.com/globalassets/01-products--services/extruded-profiles/americas/ena-resources/safety-data-sheets/4-664-2xxx-series.pdf",
      "year": 2018
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No flight, spacecraft, satellite or launch-vehicle record for the 2618A grade was found. The Concorde airframe use found in the Wikipedia Hiduminium article concerns grade 2618 (R.R.58), not 2618A.",
    "No strength-versus-temperature data, creep data or fatigue data for 2618A were found in the sources read. The HAL fatigue study for 2618-T851 returned an HTML page instead of a PDF, and the DTIC report was blocked.",
    "No corrosion test data (salt spray, ASTM G34 or G66, exfoliation, stress-corrosion) for 2618A was found. The corrosion entries are supplier ratings only.",
    "Ageing times and temperatures for T6 and T6511 are not given in the sources read. The MakeItFrom 2618 T61 values in search snippets were not used, because they are for another grade and temper and the page was not reachable.",
    "The electrical figure 37 % IACS on the Referans page sits under an Electrical Resistivity label, and the unit label conflicts, so the value was left out (same treatment as the 2017 profile).",
    "The Referans page elongation for T6 bar prints as %6 and cannot be read, so no elongation value for that row was recorded.",
    "The Referans page composition under the 2618A heading (Mn 0.00 to 0.25, Ni 0.90 to 1.20, Zn 0.00 to 0.10, Ti 0.04 to 0.10, Fe 0.90 to 1.30, Cu 1.90 to 2.70, Mg 1.30 to 1.80) matches the US 2618 row of the AircraftMaterials table. It was not used for the recipe. The recipe uses the AircraftMaterials 2618A EAA row and agrees with the Smiths DTD 5014A limits on the main elements.",
    "Density conflicts slightly between two suppliers (2.75 g/cc on Smiths, 2.76 g/cm³ on Referans). Both are kept with their sources.",
    "Machinability is rated Good by Smiths and Moderada (moderate) by Referans Metal. Both ratings are kept as the source prints them; the Referans row is not used in the summary.",
    "Shear strength is recorded under the name shear_strength, which is not listed in spores/property-canon.yaml. Brinell hardness is recorded under brinell_hardness, which is also not listed in that file.",
    "The hazard classes come from the Hydro SDS for the whole wrought 2xxx family, not a 2618A-specific SDS. Nickel classes are read from the same family sheet.",
    "The USGS 2026 aluminum summary does not mention a critical-minerals list, so no critical-list entry is recorded.",
    "No media entry was added: no image of 2618A was fetched in this run with its licence checked.",
    "The Smiths weldability row is a list of processes marked Not Recommended, with no single weldability rating printed. The failure-risk entry uses those process rows."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "2618A is a high-temperature aerospace alloy. The supplier gives a T6 yield strength of 350 MPa and a tensile strength of 420 MPa, a density of 2.76 g/cm³ and a hardness of 120 HB. It is used for pistons and rotating aircraft parts because it keeps strength at higher temperatures than many aluminium alloys, and its parent grade 2618 was the main structural material of the Concorde airframe.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Pistons and rotating aircraft parts",
        "line": "AircraftMaterials says 2618A is commonly used for pistons and rotating aircraft parts, and it is very popular for motor racing pistons."
      },
      {
        "where": "Aircraft engine and defence components",
        "line": "The Referans Metal and Smiths pages list aircraft engine parts, aerospace and defence components, and high-technology applications."
      },
      {
        "where": "Concorde airframe (parent grade 2618)",
        "line": "The Wikipedia Hiduminium article says R.R.58, named 2618, was the main structural material of the Concorde airframe. This is the parent grade, not 2618A."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Carry load at temperature",
        "line": "The supplier gives a T6 yield strength of 350 MPa and a tensile strength of 420 MPa.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "350 MPa yield"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stay useful when hot",
        "line": "The Smiths datasheet gives a maximum use temperature of 300 °C.",
        "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "300 °C maximum"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weight",
        "line": "The Referans Metal page gives a density of 2.76 g/cm³ and Smiths gives 2.75 g/cc.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "2.76 g/cm³"
      },
      {
        "label": "Heat",
        "line": "The supplier gives a thermal conductivity of 147 W/m.K for T6.",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "147 W/m.K"
      },
      {
        "label": "Hardness",
        "line": "The supplier gives a hardness of 120 HB for T6.",
        "benchmark": "brinell_hardness",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "120 HB"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Compared with the other rows of this site, 2618A is a high-temperature Al-Cu-Mg-Ni alloy whose strength is set by its temper and product form. The sources here give its density, stiffness and thermal figures for this alloy only, and they do not compare it with other grades numerically.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Modulus of elasticity",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Specify T6 or T6511 and the product form, because the minima for bar and sections differ.",
      "Keep machining dust and fines under control. Metallic dust can ignite or explode.",
      "Use mechanical joints rather than fusion welding. Brazing and welding are Not Recommended on the Smiths datasheet."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Forged or extruded rotating parts and pistons that must keep strength at higher temperatures, as printed in the AircraftMaterials and Referans Metal sources.",
      "Hot structural parts that run up to about 200 °C, where the supplier says strength is kept relatively well.",
      "Engine and defence components with a protective finish such as anodising."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Welding: brazing and welding are Not Recommended, and the supplier rates weldability as low.",
      "Corrosion: the supplier rates atmospheric resistance fair to medium, so protect bare parts. No test data for this alloy was found.",
      "Temper: specify T6 or T6511 before comparing strengths, because the minima differ by thickness.",
      "The sources read here do not confirm any spacecraft or launcher use of the 2618A grade."
    ],
    "verdict": "2618A is a strong aerospace alloy for hot parts, pistons and rotating components, with a 300 °C maximum use temperature from the supplier. It is hard to weld and only fairly corrosion resistant without a finish, and the sources here do not confirm a flight record for this grade.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "2618A is a wrought Al-Cu-Mg-Ni alloy. Its main alloying elements are copper, magnesium and nickel, with iron and silicon as minor elements (AircraftMaterials composition limits; Smiths DTD 5014A composition). It is made by solution treatment and artificial ageing to T6, or with controlled stretching to T6511 (Smiths). The composition below is the standard range, not a measured value.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "The matrix of the alloy. Balance of the composition."
        },
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "The main strengthening element with magnesium, forming the age-hardening precipitates of the T6 temper."
        },
        {
          "name": "Magnesium",
          "symbol": "Mg",
          "role": "Age-hardening element that works with copper and nickel."
        },
        {
          "name": "Nickel",
          "symbol": "Ni",
          "role": "Keeps strength at high temperature, which is why the alloy suits pistons and rotating parts (AircraftMaterials)."
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Minor element printed in the composition limits."
        },
        {
          "name": "Silicon",
          "symbol": "Si",
          "role": "Minor element printed in the composition limits."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The Hydro safety data sheet for the 2xxx series gives dust, fume and nickel warnings for processing. No health data specific to 2618A were found.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Machining dust",
            "line": "Metallic dust can ignite or explode, and dusts and fumes from machining or welding can cause metal fume fever (Hydro SDS, 2xxx series)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Nickel",
            "line": "The same sheet lists nickel with a skin-sensitiser class (H317) and suspected inhalation carcinogenicity (H351). 2618A contains nickel, so the same care applies to dust and fume."
          },
          {
            "label": "Environment",
            "line": "Small chips, fine turnings and processing dust may be toxic to aquatic life, according to the same sheet."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Dust, fume and nickel warnings"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The failure routes found in the sources are weld joints, loss of strength at high temperature, and surface corrosion.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Welds",
            "line": "The Smiths datasheet lists brazing, soldering and welding processes as Not Recommended, and the Referans page rates weldability as low."
          },
          {
            "label": "Heat",
            "line": "The Smiths datasheet says the alloy keeps its strength relatively well to around 200 °C and can be used up to 300 °C."
          },
          {
            "label": "Corrosion",
            "line": "The supplier rates atmospheric resistance as fair and medium. Protective anodising or coatings are recommended."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Specify temper",
            "line": "State T6 or T6511 and the product form, because the minima differ between bar and sections and the two tempers are made differently."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust control",
            "line": "Keep machining dust and fines under control, and do not breathe dust or fume, following the Hydro SDS."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 17,
    "unreachable": 2,
    "caveats": 4,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the pages named in each entry. Unreachable or blocked: MakeItFrom 2618A pages (search snippet only, not fetched), HAL fatigue paper (returned HTML), DTIC report (blocked). Caveats: the density comes from two suppliers that differ slightly; the minima are DTD 5014A specification values, not typical values; the hazard classes are for the whole 2xxx family; the Concorde airframe use concerns grade 2618, not 2618A."
  },
  "sources": {
    "referansmetal-2618a": {
      "title": "Referans Metal: ASTM B221 / AlCu2Mg1.5Ni / 2618A / T6 product page",
      "id": "UNS A92618, WNR 3.1924, ISO AlCu2Mg1.5Ni, ASTM B221",
      "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/195/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/astm-b221-alcu2mg1-5ni-2618a-t6?lang=es",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "smiths-2618a": {
      "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: 2618A Technical Datasheet",
      "id": "EN AW-2618A, DTD 5014A, BS H16",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2618a.pdf",
      "year": 2023,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "aircraftmaterials-2618a": {
      "title": "AircraftMaterialsUK: Aluminium Alloy 2618A DTD 5014A",
      "id": "AA 2618A, DTD 5014A, Hiduminium 58",
      "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/2618a.html",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "wiki-hiduminium": {
      "title": "Hiduminium (Wikipedia)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiduminium",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "hydro-2xxx-sds": {
      "title": "Hydro Extrusion USA: Safety Data Sheet, Wrought Aluminum Products, 2xxx Series Alloys (revision 08/14/2018, issued 09/17/2014)",
      "url": "https://www.hydro.com/globalassets/01-products--services/extruded-profiles/americas/ena-resources/safety-data-sheets/4-664-2xxx-series.pdf",
      "year": 2018,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-2618a/"
}