{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "aluminium-2017a",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "aluminium-alloys",
  "name": "Aluminium alloy 2017A",
  "abbreviation": "2017A",
  "role": "aircraft structural alloy and solid rivet alloy",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "aluminium",
  "summary": "2017A is a heat-treatable wrought aluminium alloy of the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Si family, with 3.5 to 4.5 % copper. It is the European (EN AW-2017A) grade of the 2017 family. In the T4 temper (solution treated and naturally aged) one supplier page gives a yield strength of 276 MPa, a tensile strength of 427 MPa and a density of 2.79 g/cm3. Two suppliers describe it as strong, fatigue resistant and easy to machine, and say it can be joined only by resistance welding. The sources read for this profile do not record a spacecraft or launch-vehicle flight for the grade.\n",
  "best_for": "Machined structural parts and solid rivets in the T4 temper (supplier rates machinability Excellent, yield strength 276 MPa)",
  "weakest_at": "Welding (resistance welding only, per the Smith and AircraftMaterials datasheets) and corrosion resistance (rated moderate by one supplier and good by another, with no test data for this grade)",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Si alloy, EN AW-2017A: Cu 3.5 to 4.5, Mn 0.4 to 1.0, Mg 0.4 to 1.0, Si 0.2 to 0.8, Fe max 0.7, Zn max 0.25, Cr max 0.10, Zr plus Ti max 0.25, others max 0.05 each and 0.15 total, Al balance (wt%)",
    "cas": "",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "A92017",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials-2017a",
        "where": "Specifications list, UNS A92017. The page covers Alloy 2017 and 2017A together."
      },
      {
        "system": "EN name",
        "code": "EN AW-2017A",
        "source": "totalmateria-2017a",
        "where": "International Equivalent Materials table, row EN AW-2017A, standard EN, Composition 100%"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "3.1325",
        "source": "referansmetal-2017",
        "where": "Designation list, WNR 3.1325"
      },
      {
        "system": "ISO",
        "code": "AlCu4MgSi",
        "note": "A",
        "source": "totalmateria-2017a",
        "where": "International Equivalent Materials table, row AlCu4MgSi(A), standard ISO, Composition 100%"
      },
      {
        "system": "DIN",
        "code": "AlCuMg1",
        "source": "totalmateria-2017a",
        "where": "International Equivalent Materials table, row AlCuMg1, standard DIN, Composition 100%"
      },
      {
        "system": "JIS",
        "code": "2017A",
        "source": "totalmateria-2017a",
        "where": "International Equivalent Materials table, row 2017A, standard JIS, Composition 100%"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4118",
        "note": "cold-finished bar, rod and wire in 2017-T4; the page says AMS 4118 replaced AMS 4110",
        "source": "referansmetal-2017",
        "where": "Designation list, AMS 4118 on the Cold Drawn row"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B209",
        "note": "plate and sheet",
        "source": "referansmetal-2017",
        "where": "Designation list, ASTM B209 on the Plate and Sheet row"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B221",
        "note": "extruded round bar, tube, flat bar, wire, profile",
        "source": "referansmetal-2017",
        "where": "Designation list, ASTM B221 on the Extruded row"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B211",
        "note": "cold-drawn round bar, tube, flat bar, wire, profile",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials-2017a",
        "where": "Specifications list, ASTM B211"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B316",
        "note": "bar, rod and wire",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials-2017a",
        "where": "Specifications list, ASTM B316"
      }
    ],
    "source": "aircraftmaterials-2017a",
    "where": "Chemical Composition Limits table, column Alloy 2017A EAA. The same limits are printed in the Smith Metal datasheet (Chemical Composition table, Min and Max rows) and the Referans Metal Chemical Properties table."
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, 2017 T4",
      "value": 2.79,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4)",
        "form": "not stated",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point, 2017 T4",
      "value": 510,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "form": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Single value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Melting Point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range, 2017 (Wikipedia)",
      "value": 513,
      "value_high": 641,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "alloy": "2017 family article, not 2017A specifically",
        "condition_in_source": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the thermal properties table of the Wikipedia article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "wiki-2017-alloy",
      "where": "Thermal properties table, row Melting point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "2017 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_aluminium_alloy",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, 2017 T4",
      "value": 140,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m.K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "form": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, 2017 (Wikipedia)",
      "value": 134,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m-K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "alloy": "2017 family article, not 2017A specifically",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "condition_in_source": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the thermal properties table of the Wikipedia article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "wiki-2017-alloy",
      "where": "Thermal properties table, row Thermal conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "2017 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_aluminium_alloy",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, 2017 T4",
      "value": 22.9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m.°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Expansion",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, 2017 (Wikipedia)",
      "value": 23.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m-°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "68 °F as printed",
        "alloy": "2017 family article, not 2017A specifically"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the thermal properties table of the Wikipedia article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "wiki-2017-alloy",
      "where": "Thermal properties table, row Coefficient of thermal expansion (linear), CTE 68 °F",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "2017 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_aluminium_alloy",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat capacity, 2017 (Wikipedia)",
      "value": 0.88,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/g-°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "alloy": "2017 family article, not 2017A specifically",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the thermal properties table of the Wikipedia article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "wiki-2017-alloy",
      "where": "Thermal properties table, row Specific heat capacity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "2017 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_aluminium_alloy",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, 2017 T4",
      "value": 72,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page; the Wikipedia article prints the same 72 GPa for 2017 without a temper",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Modulus of Elasticity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, 2017 T4",
      "value": 276,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "form": "not stated",
        "measure": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Yield Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate tensile strength, 2017 T4",
      "value": 427,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "form": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Ultimate Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, 2017 T4",
      "value": 18,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "form": "not stated",
        "gauge_length": "A50 mm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Elongation A50 mm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "brinell_hardness",
      "label": "Brinell hardness, 2017 T4",
      "value": 105,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HB",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "form": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, row Hardness",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Minimum yield strength, 2017 T4, thickness over 25 up to 75 mm",
      "value": 270,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "thickness": "over 25 up to and including 75 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the delivery table of a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Delivery table, row Over 25 up to & incl. 75, column Yield Strength Min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Minimum tensile strength, 2017 T4, thickness over 25 up to 75 mm",
      "value": 400,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T4 (page title)",
        "thickness": "over 25 up to and including 75 mm",
        "basis": "minimum delivery value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the delivery table of a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Delivery table, row Over 25 up to & incl. 75, column Ultimate Strength Min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
        "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
        "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Minimum tensile strength, 2017-T4 bar",
      "value": 379,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "bar, rod and wire (round bar)",
        "temper": "T4",
        "unit_in_source": "55 ksi",
        "basis": "minimum value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the mechanical table of the AircraftMaterials datasheet. The Smith Metal datasheet prints the same 55 ksi / 379 MPa minimum for 2017 round bar.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraftmaterials-2017a",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Alloy 2017, 2017-T4 Bar, column Tensile Strength min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AircraftMaterialsUK: Aluminium Alloy 2017 / 2017A",
        "id": "UNS A92017, Werkstoff Nr. 3.1325, ASTM B211 and B316, AMS 4118, AIR 9051A",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/2017a.html",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Minimum yield strength, 2017-T4 bar",
      "value": 221,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "bar, rod and wire (round bar)",
        "temper": "T4",
        "unit_in_source": "32 ksi",
        "basis": "minimum value"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the mechanical table of the AircraftMaterials datasheet. The Smith Metal datasheet prints the same 32 ksi / 221 MPa minimum for 2017 round bar.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraftmaterials-2017a",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row 2017-T4 Bar, column Yield Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AircraftMaterialsUK: Aluminium Alloy 2017 / 2017A",
        "id": "UNS A92017, Werkstoff Nr. 3.1325, ASTM B211 and B316, AMS 4118, AIR 9051A",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/2017a.html",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Minimum elongation, 2017-T4 bar",
      "value": 12,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "bar, rod and wire (round bar)",
        "temper": "T4",
        "gauge_length": "4D"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in the mechanical table of the AircraftMaterials datasheet. The Smith Metal datasheet prints 12 % in 4D for the same bar.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aircraftmaterials-2017a",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row 2017-T4 Bar, column Elongation in 4D",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "AircraftMaterialsUK: Aluminium Alloy 2017 / 2017A",
        "id": "UNS A92017, Werkstoff Nr. 3.1325, ASTM B211 and B316, AMS 4118, AIR 9051A",
        "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/2017a.html",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength Rp0.2, 2017A laboratory ingot, T4 (510 °C solution treatment, 70 h natural ageing)",
      "value": 268.7,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "2017A ingot cast from scrap, laboratory study",
        "temper": "T4 (solution treatment 510 °C, natural ageing 70 h)",
        "note_on_source": "not a commercial product"
      },
      "method": "Tensile test result printed in a table of a peer-reviewed paper (Materials 2020)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "pmc-2017a",
      "where": "Table 7, row ageing time 70 h, solution temperature 510 °C, column R0.2 (MPa)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Mrowka-Nowotnik G., Gancarczyk K., Nowotnik A., Dychton K., Boczkal G.: Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast and Heat-Treated 2017A Aluminium Alloy Obtained from Scrap Recycling, Materials 14(1):89",
        "id": "PMC7795794, published online 2020-12-27",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7795794",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "Open access (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength Rm, 2017A laboratory ingot, T4 (510 °C solution treatment, 70 h natural ageing)",
      "value": 450.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "2017A ingot cast from scrap, laboratory study",
        "temper": "T4 (solution treatment 510 °C, natural ageing 70 h)",
        "note_on_source": "not a commercial product"
      },
      "method": "Tensile test result printed in a table of a peer-reviewed paper (Materials 2020)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "pmc-2017a",
      "where": "Table 7, row ageing time 70 h, solution temperature 510 °C, column Rm (MPa)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Mrowka-Nowotnik G., Gancarczyk K., Nowotnik A., Dychton K., Boczkal G.: Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast and Heat-Treated 2017A Aluminium Alloy Obtained from Scrap Recycling, Materials 14(1):89",
        "id": "PMC7795794, published online 2020-12-27",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7795794",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "Open access (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A5, 2017A laboratory ingot, T4 (510 °C solution treatment, 70 h natural ageing)",
      "value": 14.65,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "product": "2017A ingot cast from scrap, laboratory study",
        "temper": "T4 (solution treatment 510 °C, natural ageing 70 h)",
        "gauge_length": "A5 as printed"
      },
      "method": "Tensile test result printed in a table of a peer-reviewed paper (Materials 2020)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "pmc-2017a",
      "where": "Table 7, row ageing time 70 h, solution temperature 510 °C, column Elongation A5 (%)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Mrowka-Nowotnik G., Gancarczyk K., Nowotnik A., Dychton K., Boczkal G.: Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast and Heat-Treated 2017A Aluminium Alloy Obtained from Scrap Recycling, Materials 14(1):89",
        "id": "PMC7795794, published online 2020-12-27",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7795794",
        "year": 2020,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "Open access (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, 2017 annealed (Wikipedia)",
      "value": 179,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "Annealed (as printed)",
        "alloy": "2017 family article, not 2017A specifically"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the mechanical properties table of the Wikipedia article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "wiki-2017-alloy",
      "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Tensile strength, condition Annealed",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "2017 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_aluminium_alloy",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, 2017 annealed (Wikipedia)",
      "value": 69,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "Annealed (as printed)",
        "alloy": "2017 family article, not 2017A specifically"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the mechanical properties table of the Wikipedia article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "wiki-2017-alloy",
      "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Yield strength, condition Annealed",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "2017 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_aluminium_alloy",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, 2017 annealed (Wikipedia)",
      "value": 22,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "Annealed (as printed)",
        "alloy": "2017 family article, not 2017A specifically",
        "gauge_length": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the mechanical properties table of the Wikipedia article",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "wiki-2017-alloy",
      "where": "Mechanical properties table, row Elongation, condition Annealed",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "2017 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_aluminium_alloy",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "General service (supplier selection factor, no test conditions)",
      "headline": "One supplier rates the corrosion resistance of 2017 T4 as moderate.",
      "effect": "The Referans Metal selection factors table rates corrosion resistance Moderate for the T4 product, alongside strength Very good, machinability Excellent, weldability Moderate and formability Good. No test environment, exposure time or rate is given.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative selection factor only",
        "test": "none stated",
        "temper": "T4"
      },
      "source": "referansmetal-2017",
      "where": "Selection Factors table, row Corrosion Resistance"
    },
    {
      "environment": "General service (supplier datasheet, no test conditions)",
      "headline": "A second supplier describes the corrosion resistance of 2017A as good.",
      "effect": "The Smith Metal 2017A datasheet lists good corrosion resistance among its key features. The same page says that traditional welding is not possible because welding would change the corrosion resistance. No test result is given. The two supplier ratings (moderate and good) disagree, so neither is a test result.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative key-features statement only; the supplier word is Good corrosion resistance, stored on the site scale as low",
        "test": "none stated"
      },
      "source": "smith-2017a",
      "where": "Key Features list, Good corrosion resistance; Introduction text on welding"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "The Hydro Extrusion safety data sheet for wrought 2xxx series alloys lists aluminum (CAS 7429-90-5, 85 to 97 %) with the GHS classes Flam. Sol. 1 H228, Water-react. 2 H261 and a combustible dust class. It covers the whole 2xxx family, not 2017A alone, so the classes are a family-level reading.",
        "ghs": [
          "H228",
          "H261"
        ],
        "source": "hydro-2xxx-sds",
        "where": "Section 2.1 and Section 3.2 Mixture table, row Aluminum"
      },
      {
        "text": "The same Hydro sheet says that inhaling dusts and fumes can cause metal fume fever, and that small chips, fine turnings and dust from processing may be toxic to aquatic life. It also says that metallic dusts may ignite or explode.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "hydro-2xxx-sds",
        "where": "Section 2.3 Other Hazards"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Poor weld joints",
        "trigger": "Fusion welding of 2017A parts (the Smith and AircraftMaterials datasheets say only resistance welding is suitable)",
        "consequence": "The Smith datasheet says welding is not recommended and that welding would change the corrosion resistance. The supplier also rates weldability Moderate. No weld-strength figure was found.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "smith-2017a",
        "where": "Key Features list (Welding not recommended); Introduction text"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Low strength from short or incomplete natural ageing",
        "trigger": "Solution treatment at 490 °C with natural ageing for 4 h, instead of 510 °C and 70 h",
        "consequence": "In the laboratory study the yield strength after 4 h at 490 °C was 211.1 MPa, against 268.7 MPa after 70 h at 510 °C. The study used a scrap-based lab ingot, not a commercial product.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "pmc-2017a",
        "where": "Table 7, rows 4 h at 490 °C and 70 h at 510 °C, column R0.2 (MPa)"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Surface corrosion of unprotected parts",
        "trigger": "Long exposure in service environments",
        "consequence": "The suppliers rate corrosion resistance as moderate (Referans Metal) and good (Smith Metal). No rate, pit depth or test result for this grade was found, so the risk is qualitative only.",
        "severity": "low",
        "source": "referansmetal-2017",
        "where": "Selection Factors table, row Corrosion Resistance"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Keep machining dust and fines under control. The Hydro sheet says that metallic dusts may ignite or explode and that the product dust may be toxic to aquatic life, and it says to avoid breathing dust or fume (P260).",
        "source": "hydro-2xxx-sds",
        "where": "Section 2.3 and precautionary statement P260"
      },
      {
        "text": "Do not allow water or moist air to contact the material during processing, and treat the dust as combustible. The Hydro sheet says product dust is combustible and that care is needed to minimise dust generation.",
        "source": "hydro-2xxx-sds",
        "where": "Section 7, Additional Hazards When Processed"
      },
      {
        "text": "Specify the temper and product form before comparing values. The datasheets print different minimum and nominal figures for T4 bar, plate and annealed material, and the suppliers disagree on the corrosion rating.",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials-2017a",
        "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, compared with referansmetal-2017 Mechanical Properties and Selection Factors tables"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Solid rivets and fasteners (2017A-T42 wire for solid rivets)",
      "example": "Total Materia lists an aerospace specification, EN 2116:2009, for aluminium alloy 2017A-T42 as wire for solid rivets with diameter up to 10 mm. The Smith datasheet lists rivets and fasteners as applications.",
      "source": "totalmateria-2017a",
      "where": "Header section, aerospace line EN 2116:2009; Smith Metal datasheet, Applications list"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "High-strength structural components, aircraft and machine construction",
      "example": "The AircraftMaterials datasheet says Alloy 2017 (2017A) is used for high-strength structural components, and lists aircraft, machine construction, military equipment and rivets. The Smith datasheet also lists aerospace components.",
      "source": "aircraftmaterials-2017a",
      "where": "Technical Data Sheet introduction, Uses text; Smith Metal datasheet, Applications list"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Dry (unpressurised) rocket compartments, made of duralumin",
      "example": "Metinvest says duralumin is used in so-called dry rocket compartments, and that duralumin parts are typically riveted or bolted because the material has low weldability. The article does not name 2017 or 2017A, so this use is for the historical duralumin family and is not confirmed for the 2017A grade.",
      "source": "metinvest-rocket-tanks",
      "where": "Duralumin section and riveting section of the article"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Primary aluminium smelter production, 2025 estimate (world)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 60.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 4.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United Arab Emirates",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals, entry Aluminum, used in almost all sectors of the economy",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: in 2025 about 3.6 million tons of aluminum were recovered from purchased scrap in the United States. Old-scrap recovery was equivalent to about 28 % of apparent consumption.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: composites can substitute for aluminum in aircraft fuselages and wings. Glass, paper, plastics and steel can substitute in packaging."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum",
      "where": "World Smelter Production and Capacity table, column 2025e: China 45,000, India 4,200, Russia 3,900, Canada 3,300, United Arab Emirates 2,700, world total (rounded) 74,000 thousand t. Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those printed values. Recycling and Substitutes sections. Critical list: USGS 2025 final list (usgs-crit2025)."
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "AircraftMaterialsUK: Aluminium Alloy 2017 / 2017A technical data sheet",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/2017a.html",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Referans Metal: AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Smith Metal Centres: 2017A Aluminium Product Datasheet",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2017a.pdf",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: 2017 aluminium alloy (composition, thermal and mechanical properties)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_aluminium_alloy",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Mrowka-Nowotnik et al., Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast and Heat-Treated 2017A Aluminium Alloy Obtained from Scrap Recycling, Materials 14(1):89 (2020)",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7795794",
      "year": 2020
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS: About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (final list of 60 minerals)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals",
      "year": 2025
    },
    {
      "title": "Total Materia: EN AW-2017A aluminium alloy (designations and equivalent materials)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3245358"
    },
    {
      "title": "Hydro Extrusion USA: Safety Data Sheet, Wrought Aluminum Products, 2xxx Series Alloys (revised 08/14/2018)",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://www.hydro.com/globalassets/01-products--services/extruded-profiles/americas/ena-resources/safety-data-sheets/4-664-2xxx-series.pdf",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "title": "Metinvest Holding: article on metals in rocket construction (dated 2021-04-07)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://metinvestholding.com/en/media/pdf/ilon-mask-odobryaet-stalj-i-drugie-metalli-v-raketostroenii",
      "year": 2021
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No spacecraft, satellite or launch-vehicle record for the 2017A grade was found. The Metinvest article mentions duralumin in dry rocket compartments but does not name 2017 or 2017A. The Wikipedia 2017 article has no aerospace or rocket text.",
    "No corrosion test data (salt spray, ASTM B117, ASTM G34 or G66, exfoliation, stress corrosion) for 2017A was found. A web search returned none for this grade. Only the supplier ratings are recorded, and they disagree (moderate at Referans Metal, good at Smith Metal).",
    "Electrical conductivity is not recorded. The Referans Metal page prints 37 % IACS under an Electrical Resistivity label, and the unit conflicts with the label, so the value was left out.",
    "Magnesium range differs between sources. 0.40 to 1.0 wt% for 2017A (AircraftMaterials EAA column, Smith, Referans Metal); 0.40 to 0.8 wt% for the US 2017 limit (AircraftMaterials and Wikipedia); 0.4 to 1.8 wt% in the PMC Table 2 standard row. The 0.4 to 1.0 range was used for 2017A, and the PMC 1.8 value was not used.",
    "Titanium is listed separately for 2017 (0.15 max) but as Zr plus Ti 0.25 max for 2017A (Smith and AircraftMaterials EAA column). The combined limit is recorded.",
    "The brinell_hardness benchmark name is not in property-canon.yaml. The Brinell value is recorded with that short snake_case name.",
    "The shear strength of 262 MPa printed on the Referans Metal T4 page is not recorded, because no shear-strength name exists in property-canon.yaml.",
    "The measured composition in the PMC paper (a scrap-based laboratory ingot) is not entered as a property.",
    "Wikipedia values are labelled 2017 because that article covers the 2017 family, not the 2017A grade alone. They are kept as family values.",
    "Radiation effects, atomic oxygen erosion, outgassing and cryogenic properties were not looked up for this grade.",
    "Smith Metal's minimum tensile, yield and elongation for 2017 round bar match the AircraftMaterials 2017-T4 bar minima. They are recorded once, from AircraftMaterials."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "2017A is an aircraft-type alloy that is strong for its weight and easy to machine in the T4 temper. One supplier page gives a density of 2.79 g/cm3, a yield strength of 276 MPa and a tensile strength of 427 MPa in T4. The AircraftMaterials and Smith datasheets give a minimum tensile strength of 379 MPa for T4 round bar. It is used for high-strength structures and solid rivets, and older duralumin-type parts were riveted or bolted into rocket compartments because welding was difficult.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Solid rivets and fasteners",
        "line": "Total Materia lists an aerospace specification, EN 2116:2009, for aluminium alloy 2017A-T42 as wire for solid rivets. The Smith datasheet lists rivets and fasteners as applications."
      },
      {
        "where": "Aircraft structures",
        "line": "AircraftMaterials says the alloy is used for high-strength structural components, and lists aircraft, machine construction, military equipment and rivets. Smith lists aerospace components."
      },
      {
        "where": "Dry rocket compartments (duralumin family)",
        "line": "Metinvest says duralumin is used in so-called dry rocket compartments, joined by riveting or bolting. The article does not name grade 2017 or 2017A."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Carry load in the T4 temper",
        "line": "The T4 page gives a yield strength of 276 MPa and a tensile strength of 427 MPa, with 18 % elongation over A50 mm.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "276 MPa yield"
      },
      {
        "label": "Machine it",
        "line": "The supplier rates machinability Excellent and gives a hardness of 105 HB in T4.",
        "benchmark": "brinell_hardness",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "105 HB"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weight",
        "line": "The supplier gives a density of 2.79 g/cm3.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "2.79 g/cm3"
      },
      {
        "label": "Heat",
        "line": "The supplier gives a thermal conductivity of 140 W/m.K in T4. The Wikipedia 2017 article gives 134 W/m-K, with the condition not stated.",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "140 W/m.K"
      },
      {
        "label": "Soft form",
        "line": "In the annealed condition the Wikipedia 2017 article gives 69 MPa yield and 179 MPa tensile strength, with 22 % elongation.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "69 MPa yield"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Among the aluminium alloys on this site, 2017A is a high-strength Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Si alloy whose strength depends strongly on temper. The sources here give its density, stiffness and thermal figures for this alloy and its family, and they do not compare it with other grades numerically.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Modulus of elasticity",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Specify the temper and the product form, because strengths in the datasheets differ for T4, annealed, bar and plate.",
      "Keep machining dust and fines under control. Metallic dust can ignite or explode.",
      "Do not rely on fusion welding. Only resistance welding is suitable, and the suppliers rate weldability Moderate or say welding is not recommended."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Machined structural parts in the T4 temper: supplier rates machinability Excellent and yield strength 276 MPa.",
      "Rivets and fasteners in aircraft-type structures, as printed in the Total Materia and AircraftMaterials sources.",
      "Light structural parts where a density near 2.79 g/cm3 is wanted."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Weldability: only resistance welding is suitable, and one supplier says welding is not recommended.",
      "Corrosion: the suppliers disagree (moderate and good), and no test data for this grade were found.",
      "Strength varies with temper: annealed values are 69 MPa yield, against 276 MPa in T4.",
      "Spacecraft or launcher use of the 2017A grade is not confirmed by any source read here."
    ],
    "verdict": "2017A is a strong, machinable Al-Cu-Mg alloy for aircraft-type structures and solid rivets, with strength that depends on its temper. It is hard to weld, its corrosion rating is disputed, and the sources here do not confirm a flight record for the grade.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "2017A is a wrought Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Si alloy. Copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and silicon are its main alloying elements (Wikipedia). The T4 temper is made by solution treatment, water quenching and natural ageing at about 25 °C. The PMC 2020 study held samples at 490, 500 and 510 °C for 6 h before water quenching, and the paper notes that the standard solution range for this alloy is narrower than the range it tested. The composition below is the standard limit range, not a measured value.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "The matrix of the alloy. It makes up the balance of the composition."
        },
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "Named by Wikipedia among the main alloying elements. The AircraftMaterials and Smith limits both print 3.5 to 4.5 wt%."
        },
        {
          "name": "Magnesium",
          "symbol": "Mg",
          "role": "Named by Wikipedia among the main alloying elements. The 2017A (EAA) limit is 0.4 to 1.0 wt%; the US 2017 limit is 0.4 to 0.8 wt%."
        },
        {
          "name": "Manganese",
          "symbol": "Mn",
          "role": "Alloying element named among the main elements, and printed with the same range in all sources."
        },
        {
          "name": "Silicon",
          "symbol": "Si",
          "role": "Alloying element named among the main elements."
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Impurity limit. Iron is named among the main elements in the Wikipedia article, but it is printed as a maximum."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The Hydro safety data sheet for the 2xxx series gives dust, fume and environmental warnings for processing. No health data for the 2017A grade were found.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Machining dust",
            "line": "Metallic dust can ignite or explode, and dusts and fumes from machining or welding can cause metal fume fever (Hydro SDS, 2xxx series)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Environment",
            "line": "Small chips, fine turnings and processing dust may be toxic to aquatic life, according to the same sheet."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Dust and fume warnings"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The failure routes found in the sources are weld joints, under-aged strength and surface corrosion.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Welds",
            "line": "Both the Smith and AircraftMaterials datasheets say only resistance welding is suitable. The Smith sheet says welding would change the corrosion resistance, and the Referans sheet rates weldability Moderate."
          },
          {
            "label": "Ageing",
            "line": "In a laboratory study, yield strength after 4 h at 490 °C was 211.1 MPa, against 268.7 MPa after 70 h at 510 °C. The study used a scrap-based ingot."
          },
          {
            "label": "Corrosion",
            "line": "The suppliers disagree: moderate at Referans Metal and good at Smith Metal. No test result for this grade was found."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Specify temper and form",
            "line": "Yield and tensile values depend strongly on the temper and form, so state T4, annealed, bar or plate when comparing figures."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust control",
            "line": "Keep machining dust and fines under control, and do not breathe dust or fume, following the Hydro SDS."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 24,
    "unreachable": 1,
    "caveats": 5,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the pages named in each entry. Aalco 2017A datasheet fetched but contained no property values. Caveats: strengths are supplier minimum or lab values for different forms and tempers; Wikipedia values are for the 2017 family; the 2017A grade's space use is not confirmed; the hazard classes are for the whole 2xxx family; the corrosion ratings from two suppliers disagree."
  },
  "sources": {
    "aircraftmaterials-2017a": {
      "title": "AircraftMaterialsUK: Aluminium Alloy 2017 / 2017A",
      "id": "UNS A92017, Werkstoff Nr. 3.1325, ASTM B211 and B316, AMS 4118, AIR 9051A",
      "url": "https://www.aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/2017a.html",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "referansmetal-2017": {
      "title": "Referans Metal, AMS 4110 / AlCu4MgSi / 2017 / T4 product page",
      "id": "UNS A92017, WNR 3.1325, DIN AlCuMg1, ISO AlCu4MgSi, ASTM B209 / B211 / B221, AMS 4118 (replaced AMS 4110)",
      "url": "https://referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/335/uzay-havacilik-savunma/cubuk-lama/ams-4110-alcu4mgsi-2017-t4?lang=en",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "smith-2017a": {
      "title": "Smith Metal Centres, 2017A Aluminium Product Datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/aluminium/2xxx/2017a.pdf",
      "year": 2023,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier datasheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "wiki-2017-alloy": {
      "title": "2017 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_aluminium_alloy",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "pmc-2017a": {
      "title": "Mrowka-Nowotnik G., Gancarczyk K., Nowotnik A., Dychton K., Boczkal G.: Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast and Heat-Treated 2017A Aluminium Alloy Obtained from Scrap Recycling, Materials 14(1):89",
      "id": "PMC7795794, published online 2020-12-27",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7795794",
      "year": 2020,
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "Open access (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-crit2025": {
      "title": "About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (USGS, final list of 60 minerals)",
      "id": "Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals",
      "year": 2025,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "totalmateria-2017a": {
      "title": "Total Materia: EN AW-2017A Aluminium Alloy (designations and equivalent materials)",
      "id": "EN AW-2017A, EN 2116:2009, AlCu4MgSi(A), AlCuMg1, 2017A (JIS)",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3245358",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "Paywalled database (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "hydro-2xxx-sds": {
      "title": "Hydro Extrusion USA: Safety Data Sheet, Wrought Aluminum Products, 2xxx Series Alloys (revision 08/14/2018)",
      "url": "https://www.hydro.com/globalassets/01-products--services/extruded-profiles/americas/ena-resources/safety-data-sheets/4-664-2xxx-series.pdf",
      "year": 2018,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "metinvest-rocket-tanks": {
      "title": "Metinvest Holding: article on metals in rocket construction, dated 2021-04-07",
      "url": "https://metinvestholding.com/en/media/pdf/ilon-mask-odobryaet-stalj-i-drugie-metalli-v-raketostroenii",
      "year": 2021,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "Corporate article (cited, not reproduced)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-2017a/"
}